172. iterata, reached again.- nullis (dat.), by none of those before. 173. filo, thread. Ariadne, daughter of Minos, gave Theseus a clew of thread, by the aid of which he traced his way back through the labyrinth.

174. protinus, straightway; the three clauses introduced by postquam, et, and utque, all lead up to this main sentence. - Diam, an ancient name of the island of Naxos. This island was sacred to Dionysos (Bacchus), who found Ariadne here after her abandonment by Theseus (see Fig. 41); henceforth she is associated with his worship.

177. amplexus, acc.

plural. - Liber, a Roman

god, identified with the Greek Dionysos.

178. de fronte, i.e. Ariadne's.

179. illa, i.e. corona. 182. Nixi (nitor) genu (§ 254, b, 1; G. 401, N.6; H. 425, ii. I, N.), the kneeler; Anguem tenentis, the snake-holder; two constellations. (See, on a

celestial map or globe, the position of this beautiful constellation, "the Northern Crown.")

184. loci natalis,

Athens.

186. obstruat, de

pending upon licet (§ 313, b; G. 607; H. 515, iii.); the subject is Minos. 187. possideat, hortatory subjunctive in concession (§ 266, c; G. 264; H. 484, iii.).

189. naturam novat, he makes nature anew, i.e. he improves upon

nature.

190. a minima sequenti, beginning with the smallest, and making a shorter one follow a long one: a confused expression; for if the smallest came first, a shorter one could not follow. It seems as if the poet thought of the slope (clivo), as regarded first from one end, and then from the other.

191. clivo: as the tops of trees growing on a slope overlap one another, so the feathers overlap, being of different lengths. - putes, you might suppose (§ 311, a, N.; G. 257; H. 485).- quondam, sometimes,

without reference to past time; a frequent use of quondam and olim in similes.

192. fistula, an instrument consisting of a row of pipes, like a child's harmonicon: these pipes were of different lengths, so as to give different tones. (See Fig. 42.)

ΔΙΔ

Fig. 42.

ALALLA

Fistula and Double Flute.

193. lino, ceris: he fastened the lower ends of the feathers together with wax, and sewed or tied the broader outer part of the wings with thread. (See Fig. 43.)

199. mollibat: an early form for molliebat.

205. ignis, sc. solis.

206. Boöten: the constellations, Bootes (Arctophylax), Helice (the Great Bear or “Big Dipper "), and Orion are, perhaps, the most striking groups of stars in the northern heavens. 208. pariter, at the same time.

212. non repetenda, destined never to be repeated.

215. artes: the accusative of the thing taught with erudio is used in poetry and late prose. The usual construction is the acc. of the person and the abl. of the thing.

Fig. 43.

Dædalus and Icarus.

217. arundine, fishing-rod.

218. baculo, like stiva, depends upon innixus (§ 254, b, 1; G. 401, N.o; H. 425, I, N.).

219. -que connects obstupuit and credidit.

220. Junonia: Samos was sacred to Hera (Juno).

221. relictae, sc. fuerant: they had flown north over the Cyclades (Delos, etc.), and then easterly, leaving Samos upon the north; though why they should pursue such a course (unless to suit the metre) is not clear. 225. rapidi (rapio), burning. 226. odoratas,i.e. from the melting. 227. nudos, sc. alis, stripped of his wings.

228. percipit, catches in such a way as to be supported.

230. nomen: the waters west and south of Samos were called the Icarian Sea.

237. elice, a ditch, for draining a field.

239. unica, only one of its kind. (See argument.)

240. longum crimen, a long (i.e. perpetual) reproach; in appos.

with factaque nuper avis.

241. huic, i.e. to Dædalus.

242. germana, i.e. of Dædalus.

243. bis senis: (§ 95, c; G. 97, R.2; H. 174, 2, 2). - puerum, in appos. with progeniem. — animi, genitive of quality.

245. traxit in exemplum, took as a model.

246. perpetuos, a row of.

247. ex uno nodo, starting from one hinge. The instrument decribed is, of course, the compasses.

248. aequali spatio, at an equal distance.

249. duceret orbem, drew a circle.

illis, abl. absolute.

250. arce Minervae, the Acropolis of Athens.

251. lapsum, sc. esse eum.

253. reddidit, turned him into.

254. ingenii quondam velocis, of his once quick mind. 259. antiqui, agrees with casus.

XVIII. THE CALYDONIAN HUNT.

VIII. 260. tellus Aetnaea: Sicily, where Dædalus found a refuge with King Cocalus; his native land, Athens, not being safe for him.

261. Daedalon, Greek form of the acc.; so Meleagron, v. 270. 262. mitis habebatur, was friendly, inasmuch as he took up arms to protect Dædalus from the pursuit of Minos.

263. Thesēā (adjective), of Theseus.

265. sanguine, i.e. of victims.

267. Argolicas, Achaïa: both names are used as equivalent to the whole land of Greece.

268. TheseŎs, genitive.

272. infestae, offended.

273. Oenea, acc. of Oeneus. - successibus, abl. with pleni (§ 248, c, 2; G. 405, N.3; H. 421, ii.).

274. Lyaeo, an epithet of Bacchus.

275. Palladiōs latices, olive-oil, sacred to Pallas (Minerva).

278. Latoïdos, the daughter of Lato (Latona), i.e. Diana.

280. quaeque, etc. et nos, quæ inhonoratæ dicimur, non, etc.: the person speaking is Diana, who speaks of herself in the plural by a common license.

281. Oenēōs, adj.; the genitive form is nĕŏs.

282. quanto, sc. tantum, so great that.

283. Epiros: both Epirus and Sicily were famed for cattle, but it seems that those of Epirus were the largest.

285. horrent, stand erect.

287. dentibus Indis, i.e. elephants' tusks.

292. Cererem, grain, as Bacchus is put for wine.

294. fetus, produce (of the vine).

297. non armenta, not even, etc.: armenta are herds of large cattle, as distinguished from the pecudes (sheep and goats), which were gathered in flocks (pecora).

299. una, with him.

300. lecta, chosen, not from that country alone, but from all Greece. The hunt of the Calydonian boar is represented as about a generation earlier than the Trojan war, several of whose heroes were sons of those who took part in this, as Achilles (son of Peleus) and Ajax (son of Telamon).

301. Tyndaridae: these were the Dioscuri, or twin sons of Jove, Castor and Pollux, children of Leda, wife of Tyndarus. Castor was famed for horsemanship, and Pollux for skill in boxing.

302. Iason: see the story of the Argonautic expedition, which is represented as the beginning of seafaring.

303. concordia, in apposition with Theseus cum Pirithoö: their friendship was proverbial, like that of Damon and Pythias.

304. Thestiadae: Toxeus and Plexippus, sons of King Thestius of Ætolia, who was brother of Althæa, mother of Meleager. Lynceus and Idas were sons of Alphareus, king in Messenia.

305. Caeneus: he had been a woman, but was changed to a man.

306. Leucippus was brother of Aphareus; Acastus was the son of King Pelias of Iolcus; Dryas was a son of Mars; Amyntor, king of the Dolopes; the Actoridae were Eurytus and Cleatus; Phyleus was the son of King Augias; Telamon and Peleus (creator Achilles) were sons of King Æacus of Ægina; Pheretiades was Admetus, son of Pheres, king of Pheræ, in Thessaly; Iolaus was the son of Iphicles; Echion, son of Mercury; Nestor, son of Neleus of Pylos, was the famous orator and counsellor of the Trojan war. Some of the names here mentioned by Ovid are mere names, of whose bearers nothing is known.

310. Phe retia dé || et Hy ante o Io|lao: before et and aut, preceded by the chief cæsura in the third foot, Ovid sometimes uses a short syllable for a long, and allows hiatus; and hiatus is also allowed in the thesis of the fifth foot before a Greek name.

315. socer: Penelope was wife of Ulysses, whose father (her fatherin-law) was Laërtes. — Parrhasio Ancaeo: hiatus (see on v. 310). 316. Ampycides: this was Mopsus, a soothsayer of the Lapithæ. 317. Oeclides, Amphiarāus, an Argive soothsayer, who was betrayed through the vanity of his wife Eriphyle. — Tegeaea, Atalanta of Tegea, famed for her skill in hunting and her speed in running.