ings, VI. 162. Of travelling, and women in, VII. 359. Interest taken in American affairs in, 470. Com- missioners to, appointed by Congress, VIII 190. Supplies of military stores furnished by, 191. Her conduct in regard to the United States, 235. Remarks on the treaty of commerce with, 239. War of England with, would be fatal to the reconciliation of the former with America, 253. Her good faith commended, 281. War between England and, 293. Mr. Ad- ams's view of her faith, 324. Alli- ance of the United States with, an obstacle to peace with Great Britain, 312 Objections to quitting the al- liance with, 316. Character of the people of, 327. That a truce between Great Britain and the United States would be for her interest, 332 Of a projected invasion of England by, 379. Of the aid given to the United States by, 42. Importance of the alliance with, 439. American feeling towards, 479. Of the aid furnished by, to meet the drafts of Congress, 499. In- structions to Franklin to procure a further loan in, 526. Further loan made by, to the United States, IX. 1. Declines the mediation of Russia and Austria, 4. Of supplies to the United States by, 32. Advantage to, of em- ploying a large naval force in this country, 100. Feeling in America towards, 104. Her concurrence ne- cessary in the negotiations for peace, 141. Relations of the United States with, 174. The United States not to treat without, 203. Great Britain proposes a separate treaty with, 204. Canada offered to, to induce her to treat, 210. Answer of the court of, to the offer, 210, 213. Her aid to the United States for 1782, 260. No aid given to the United States by, till their independence was declared, 274. Of the obligations of gratitude for her aid, 281. Debt of the United States to, 383. Substance of the pre- liminary articles of peace between Great Britain and, 442. Application of Robert Morris to, for a loan, 445. Preliminary articles of peace signed between Great Britain, Spain, and, 473. Her good faith in reference to the treaty, 533. Her financial diffi- culties, X. 28. Placed by the United States on the most favorable footing in regard to commerce, 138. State of affairs in, in 1787, 318. In 1788, 355. Revolutionary proceedings and distracted state of affairs in, in 1789, 387, 409.
FRANCIS, JOHN W., his Life of Colden cited, VI. 18, 19. FRANKLIN, ABIAH, mother of Benjamin, 1.7, 13. Her death, VII. 58. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN.
His Life. Good fortune which ac- companied him through life, I. 2. Res- idence of his ancestors, 3. His resem- blance in character to one of his un- cles, 5. His second cousin Samue. Franklin, 6. Marriage of his father, 7. His birth, 8. His occupations in child- hood, 10. Account of his father, 11. Death of his parents, and their monu- ment, 14. His early reading, 15. His ballads, 16. Intimacy with John Col- lins, 17 Reads the Spectator, 18. Re- sorts to a system of vegetable diet, 19. Becomes fond of argument, 21. Writes for his brother's newspaper, 23. Ex- amined before the Council for a pub- lication offensive to the Assembly, 24. Determines to leave his brother, 27 Goes to New York, 28 Accident on his journey to Philadelphia, 30. rives in that city, 33. Visits Andrew Bradford, the printer, 35. Lodges with Mr. Read, 37. Is advised by Sir W. Keith to set up in Philadel phia, 38. Returns to Boston, 39. Sir W. Keith's proposal declined by his father, 40. Who consents to his re- turn to Philadelphia, 41. Visits Gov- ernor Burnet of New York, 43. Is promised assistance by Sir W. Keith, 45. Abandons the use of animal food, 47. Of his associates, Osborne, Wat- son, Ralph, 48. Their exercises in composition, 49. Determines, by the advice of Keith, to visit England, 52. Sails for London, 53. Discovers that he has been deceived by Keith, 55. Being without money engages to work for Palmer, a printer, 56. Prints a tract upon Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, 57. Frequents a club, consisting of Dr. Mandeville and others, 57. Disagrees with, and separates from Ralph, and removes to Watts's printing office, 59. His tem- perate habits, 59. Mode of living, 61. His skill in swimming, 63. Engages in mercantile business with Mr. Den- ham, 65. Returns to Philadelphia, 67. His plans of business broken off by the death of Mr. Denham, 68. En- gages to superintend Keimer's print- ing establishment, 69. Is ill treated by Keimer, 71. And separates from him, 72. Engraves the plates for New Jersey paper money, and prints the bills, 73. His moral and reli- gious views, 74. His new version of the Lord's Prayer, 77. Enters into
partnership with Hugh Meredith, 77. Forms the Junto, 81. Writes the Busy Body, 84. Anecdote showing his independence as an editor, 85. His separation from Meredith, 89. Writes a pamphlet on paper curren- cy, 91. Opens a stationer's shop, 92. His attention to business, 93. Mar- ries Miss Read, 96. His agency in establishing the Philadelphia Library, 99. Mode of obtaining subscriptions for it, 101. Anecdote of the silver spoon and China bowl, 102. His re- ligious sentiments, 103. Proposes to arrive at moral perfection, 105. His list of the virtues, 106. Resolves to give attention to them in succession, 109. His difficulty in practising that of order, 113. His project of a work to be entitled, The Art of Virtue, 115. Proposes to raise a united party for virtue, 119. Publishes Poor Richard's Almanac, 121. His mode of conduct- ing his newspaper, 123. Engages in a controversy respecting Hemphill, a preacher, 125. Studies the French and Italian languages, 126; and the Spanish, 127. Visits Boston, 128. Extension of the Junto, 129. Is ap- pointed postmaster of Philadelphia, 131. Proposes an improvement in the city watch, and establishes a fire company, 133. Becomes intimate with Whitefield, 136. Forms part- nerships in the printing business, 142. Proposes a Philosophical Society, 144. His agency in providing means of de- fence in the Spanish war, 144. Forms an association for that purpose, 145. His invention of a fireplace, 156. His Proposal relating to the Education of Youth, 158. Establishes an Academy, 159. Becomes one of the trustees, 160. Forms a partnership with David Hall, 161. His electrical experiments, 162. Is chosen a member of the As- sembly, 162. Is appointed a commis- sioner for making a treaty with the Indians, 163. His agency in estab- ishing the Pennsylvania Hospital, 164. His advice to Gilbert Tennent, 167 Suggests plans for cleaning, pav- ing, and lighting the streets of Phila- delphia, 168, 169; and for cleaning those of London, 170. Is appointed postmaster-general for America, 175. Attends the general convention at Albany, as a delegate, 176. Proposes a plan of union of the colonies, 177. Has an interview with Governor Shir- ley, 178. Assists Mr. Quincy in pro- curing aids for New England, 181. Visits General Braddock's army, 183. Procures horses and wagons for the
army, 184. His services commended by Braddock, but ill rewarded, 193. Engages in forming a society for the
relief and instruction of Germans in
Pennsylvania, 195. Is appointed a commissioner for appropriating the public money for military defence, 197. Is commissioned to take charge of the frontier, and erect a line of forts, 197. Marches with troops to fulfil this commission, 198. His op- erations at Gnadenhutten, 199. Be- comes acquainted with the Moravians at Bethlehem, 203. Returns to Phila- delphia, and is chosen colonel of a regiment, 204. Declines accepting the Governor's proposal to conduct an expedition against Fort Duquesne, 207. Account of his electrical exper- iments, 208. Is elected a member of the Royal Society, 212. Receives the Copley medal, 213. His conver- sations with Governor Denny, 214. Is deputed by the Assembly to present a petition to the King, and to act in England as the agent of Pennsylva nia, 216. His interview with Lord Loudoun, 216 Sails from New York, 222. His account of the voyage, 223. Arrives in England, 226. Object of his agency in England, 232. Peter Collinson and Mrs. Stevenson, 233. Mr. Strahan and Governor Shirley, 234. Begins the business of his mis- sion, 235. Refutes charges that had been made against Pennsylvania, 237. Becomes acquainted with Basker- ville, 242. Advises the conquest of Canada, 248. Visits Scotland, and receives the degree of Doctor of Laws, 249. Gives to Lord Kames a copy of the Parable against Persecution, 250. Remarks on the authorship of that piece, 251. Business of his agen- cy brought to a successful issue, 253. Receives public money for Pennsyl vania, 258. Tour through Holland and Flanders, 259. Experiments on the tourmalin, 259; on evaporation, 260. His observations and theory of northeast storms, 262. Invents the Armonica, 263. The degree of Doc- tor of Laws conferred upon him at Oxford, 267. Sails from England and arrives at Philadelphia, 269. Travels through the northern colonies, 271. Disputes between the Assembly and governor, 280. Franklin writes on the subject, 282 Chosen speaker of the Assembly, 283. Appointed agent to go to England, and solicit a change of government, 285. Arrives in Eng- land, 289. Opposes the Stamp Act, 294. Examined before Parliament on
the subject of its repeal, 298. Writes on political affairs, 312. Appointed agent for Georgia, 316. His opinion of the Farmer's Letters, 317. Mem- ber of numerous societies, 319. Pro- motes the culture of silk, 319. committee for protecting the Cathe- dral of St. Paul's from lightning, 321. Appointed agent for New Jersey,
Appointed agent for Massachu- setts, 328. Singular interview with Lord Hillsborough, 323. Journey to the North of England. Ireland, and Scotland; Priestley, Percival, Dar- win, Kippis, Price, 331. Meets Lord Hillsborough in Ireland, 332. Dr. Shipley, Bishop of St Asaph, 335. Singular conduct of Lord Hillsbor- ough, 335 Writes an elaborate paper in favor of Walpole's Grant, 340. On a committee for examining the Pow- der Magazines at Purfleet, 342. Con- troversy about pointed and bluat con- ductors, 343. Interviews with Lord Dartmouth, 345. Abridges the Book of Common Prayer, 352. Experiments to show the effect of oil in stilling waves, 353. Transmits Hutchinson's letters to Massachusetts, 356. Pro- ceedings of the Assembly concerning them, 360. Presents the petition for the removal of Hutchinson, 363. Case heard before the Privy Council, 365. Intercourse with Josiah Quincy, Jr., 372. Death of his wife, 373. Family incidents and relations, 274. Presents the petition of the first Continental Congress to the King, 377. Visits Lord Chatham at Hayes, 379. Plays at chess with a sister of Lord Howe, 360. Dr. Fothergill and Mr. Barclay consult him on the terms of a recon- ciliation between the two countries, 381. Draws up a paper containing his ideas of the subject. 382. paper shown to the ministers, 383. Requested by Lord Chatham to be present when he offered a motion in the House of Lords relating to Amer- ica, 385.
Assists Lord Chatham in preparing a plan of reconciliation, 386. Chatham's compliment to him in a speech in the House of Lords, 387. Negotiation continued, 389. Is unsuccessful, 390. Sails for America, 391. Chosen a member of the Con- tinental Congress, 393. Drafts a plan of Confederation, 397. Appointed Postmaster-general, 398. Member of the Secret Committee, 399. One of the commissioners to the army at Cambridge, 400. Chosen a mem- ber of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, 401. One of the commissioners to
Canada, 403. On the committee for drafting the Declaration of In- dependence, 406. Interview with Lord Howe on Staten Island, 414. Appointed one of the commissioners to the Court of France, 416. Arrives at Nantes, 418; at Paris, 419. Im- pression produced by his arrival in France, 420. Audience of Count de Vergennes, 422. Purchases arms and military supplies for Congress, 424. Troublesome applications of foreign officers, 426. Recommends the Mar- quis de Lafayette, 428. Treaties of amity and alliance between France and the United States, 429. Intro- duced to the King, 434. Secret ad- vances made to Franklin for effecting a reconciliation between England and the United States; Hutton, Pulteney, Hartley, 439. Numerous personal friends; interview with Voltaire, 445. Enmity of Arthur Lee to Franklin, and its causes, 447; of Ralph Izard, 451. Arts of his enemies in Congress, 452.
Visited by Sir William Jones 454 Instructs the American cruisers not to molest Captain Cook's vessel. 455. Paul Jones, 456. Mr. Vaugh an's edition of his writings, 457. As- sists in procuring a French army to be sent to the United States, 460. His opinion of privateering, 461. mode of transacting affairs with the French Court, 464. Burdened with the concerns of public vessels, 467. Solicits his recall, 468. His opinion of the alliance with France, 471. His per- sonal friends at Passy, 473. Negotia- tions for peace, 474. Objects to Mr. Grenville's commission, 476. Proposes articles of a treaty to Mr. Oswald, 479. Progress of the negotiation, 481. Fish- eries, 484. Loyalists, 465. Treaty signed, 488. American commissioners sign the treaty without the knowledge of the French court, 489. Count de Vergennes's letter on the subject, 490. Franklin's reasons, 496. Error cor- rected, 497. Contract respecting loans, 498. Definitive treaty signed, 502. One of the commissioners appointed by the King of France to investigate animal magnetism, 503. Treaty with Prussia, 506. Leaves Passy, 508. Sails for America, 509. Chosen Pres. ident of Pennsylvania, 512. Member of the Convention for forming the Constitution of the United States, 513. His religious opinions, 515. Requests Congress to settle his accounts, 525. His last illness and death, 529. Pro- ceedings of Congress on the occasion, 533, 592.
His opinions, and facts relating to him. Origin of the Junto, II 9. Account
of the origin of the Busy Body, 13. His account of the Way to Wealth, 92. Its extraordinary circulation, 93. Ac- count of his Parable against Persecu- tion, 118 Paper, a Poem, his author- ship of it doubtful. 161. His Baga- telles, 164. Humorous Dialogue be- tween him and the Gout, 194. His fondness for reading about China, 241. His authorship of the Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency, 254. Doubts as to his au- thorship of the Essays on Govern- ment, 278. Origin and character of the Remarks and Facts relative to the American Paper Money, 340. Excel- lence of his article on the Price of Corn and the Management of the Poor, 360 Account of his essay on the Slave-Trade, 517. Origin of his Plain Truth, III. 1 Of the Papers relating to a Plan of Union of the Colonies, 22. The plan drawn by him and accept- ed, 24. Evidence that his attention had been for some time turned to the subject, 25. Account of the origin of his Letters to Governor Shirley, 56. No change in his opinions rela- tive to the power of Parliament over the colonies, 67. His view as to the expediency of establishing colonies beyond the Alleganies, 6). Circum-
stances under which his Militia Bill was drawn and passed, 78. Interest taken by him in the controversies between the proprietary governors and the Assemblies, 103 As to his authorship of the Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania, 10. His remarks on a Protest against his Appointment as Agent of Pennsylvania, IV. 143. Vindication of his conduct as agent, 144. His relations with the Proprie- tors, 150. Report in the Assembly on his accounts, 153. His Examination before the House of Commons relative to the Repeal of the Stamp Act, 161. His views of Pownall's scheme, for an equal communication of rights and privileges to America, 201. His Answer to Strahan's Queries, rel- ative to American Affairs, 261. Not the author of the Boston Report in 1772, 381. Account of transactions relative to the Hutchinson Letters, 405, 409. Manner in which the letters came to his possession, 411. And in which they were transmitted to this country, 412. Acknowledges himself responsible for obtaining and transmit- ting them, 435. Whately's chancery
suit against him, 437. His answer to the bill in equity, 438. Not in fault in regard to the duel between Temple and Whately, 446. Is attacked by Wedderburn before the Privy Council, 447. His deineanor on that occasion, 452, 453. Removed from his office of deputy postmaster-general, 455. De- mands an explanation from Dean Tucker of the charge, that he applied for the place of distributor of stamps, 519. Calls for a detailed statement of the charge, 520. The charge stated, 521. And explained by him, 522. His efforts to bring about a reconcili ation between Great Britain and the colonies, V. 3. His first interview with Lord Chatham, 5. Conversation with David Barclay on the subject of reconciliation, 8. With Mrs. Howe
and Dr. Fothergill, 10. His Hints for conversation on the terms of union, 12. Interview with Lord Howe, 29. Their conference respecting an ad- justinent of the differences between the two countries, 30. His sketch of a plan of reconciliation, drawn at the request of Lord Howe, 38. His Notes for Discourse with Lord Chatham, re- lative to his plan of accommodation, 49. Chatham's panegyric on him, in the House of Lords, 53. His con- versation with Lord Hyde, 74. Pro- poses Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, in General Congress, 91. His Correspondence and Inter- view with Lord Howe, 97. Acknowl- edgment to, for passports granted to Moravian vessels and Captain Cook, 122. Public Addresses to, and his An- swers, 137. His Speech in the Con- vention, on Salaries, 144; on the Pro- portion between Representation and Votes, 149. His Motion for Prayers, 153 Speech at the Conclusion of its Deliberations, 155. Manner in which his attention was drawn to the subject of electricity and lightning, 173. Es- tablishes their identity, 174. His ex-
periments successfully repeated in Europe, 176. Jealousy of him, and attempt to transfer the honor of the discovery to Abbé Nollet, 176 Priest- ley's notice of his discoveries, 179. Accident while making an electrical experiment. 255. Offers to serve as secretary of a Philosophical Society, VI. 17. Logan's account of him in 1750. Compliment paid to his phi- losophical writings by the King of France, 162. His observations in re- ply to Mr. Todd, 174; to Mr Col den. 120. His account of a whirlwind in Maryland, 201. His opinion of
Priestley's philosophical experiments, 410. His religious opinions, VII. 6, 8. Part taken by him. in the associa tion for the defence of Pennsylvania, 22. His plan of retiring from busi- ness and public employments, 35. Notice of his visit to New England, 77. His visit and return, 85. Mor- tality in his family, 114. Is elected a member of the Society for the En- couragement of Arts, Manufactures, &c, 124. Is appointed commission- er to England, 130. His arrival in London, and illness, 149. Is injured by a fall, 257. His second mission to England, 266. His arrival, 283. Re- turn to America, 292. Is elected Speaker of the Assembly, 294. Ac- count of the descendants of his grand- father in England, 326. His family connexions in England, 348. Visits France, 358. Attempt to remove him from his place of deputy postmaster- general, 405. State of his health in 1762, 424. Respecting the report of his willingness to accept office under the British government, 443. His appointment and instructions as agent for New Jersey, 460. Appointed agent for Massachusetts, 490, 493. His sen- timents in regard to resigning his place in the postoffice, 490, 493. Of fence taken at some of his letters to America, sent back to England, 507. His interview with Lord Hillsborough on the subject of his appointment as agent, 509. His agency in procuring Walpole's Grant, VIII. 1. His agree able situation in Europe, 15. Is elect- ed into the Royal Academy in Paris, 13. His conversation with Lord Dart- mouth, 43. Vindicates his conduct as agent of Massachusetts, 55. Sug- gests a mode of printing on earth- en ware, 94. Is dismissed from his office of deputy postmaster-general,
His treatment in England in consequence of his transmitting the Hutchinson Letters, 117 French edi- tion of his writings mentioned, 117. His portrait, by Chamberlin, 118. Abused by his enemies, 136. pointed by Congress one of the com- missioners to Canada, 178. Commis- sioner and afterwards minister plenipo- tentiary to France, 190. His descrip- tion of his own person, 202. Purposes for which he was sent to France, 203. Is commissioned to treat with Spain, 205. His remarks respecting Arthur Lee's conduct in regard to the com- missioners' accounts, 260 Refuses to accede to Lee's demand respecting drafts on the American banker, 272.
His remarks on the proposition of M. de Weissenstein, 278 His mode of living in France, 313. Receives his credentials as minister plenipotentia- ry and is presented to the King, 350. His situation in France, 401. Re- quests permission to return from France, IX. 5. His remarks upon his enemies, 21. Congress refuse to ac- cept his resignation, 71. His inter- view with Count de Vergennes, 76. Is appointed a commissioner for nego. tiating peace, 77. Loss of his papers deposited with Mr. Galloway, 78. His remarks to Messrs. Korninann relative to a claim of relationship, 92. His remarks on M. de Neufville's scheme of a loan, 107. Declines to open negotiations without the con- currence of France, 141. His diffi- culty in meeting the drafts of Con- gress, 146. His remarks on the con- duct of Deane, 177. His Journal of the Negotiation for Peace, 238. His conversation with Mr. Oswald, 243; whom he introduces to Count de Vergennes, 246. Accompanies Mr. Grenville on an interview with that minister, 273. Desires that Mr. Os- wald may be sent to treat, 280. ecdote respecting the visiting card of Prince Bariatinski and the Count du Nord, 285. Visits the Spanish ambassador with Mr. Jay, 350. Com- plains of the British delay in open- ing the negotiation, 360 Justifies the proceedings in regard to Captain Asgill, 375. Count de Vergennes complains to him, that the prelimina- ries between the British commission- ers had been concluded without com- munication with the French cabinet, 449. His reply, 450. Exchanges full powers with the Swedish ambassador, 460. Declines visiting England, 475. Justifies the signing of the treaty without communication with the French court, 533. His comment on the report, that he did not oppose the hostile views of France relative to the fisheries and boundaries of the United States, in concluding the treaty, X. 6, 10. Asks to be recalled from France, 49. Replies to the ob- jection of a defect of form in ratifying the treaty, 97. Is elected a member of the Royal Academy of History at Ma- drid, 104. His relations with his son, 121. His present to the town of Franklin, 158. Takes leave of Count de Vergennes, 166. His charges as minister plenipotentiary, 184. Leaves Passy for Havre, 201. Of his Abridg. ment of the Book of Common Prayer.
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