spect to the light in sea-water, 190. His remarks on the method of furnish- ing supplies to the Indians, VII. 78. Bows and Arrows, their utility in war, VIII. 170.
BOYLE, on the exposure of the Russians to the extremes of heat and cold, VI. 59.
BRADDOCK, EDWARD, General, is aided by Franklin in procuring horses and wagons for the army, I. 184. His character, 189. Defects as a general, 190. His call on the Governor of Pennsylvania for supplies of provi- sions under convoy, III. 357. His letter requested of the Governor by the Assembly, 358. His instructions quoted, relative to the Six Nations, IV. 328.
BRADFORD, ANDREW, the printer, visit- ed by Franklin in Philadelphia, I. 35. Becomes Publisher of the Weekly Mercury, the first newspaper printed in Pennsylvania, II. 13.
BRAY, THOMAS, his benevolent charac- ter, VII. 202.
Brescia, explosion of the powder-maga- zine at, alluded to, V. 432.
Breviate, Mr. Hartley's, laid before the British ministers, IX. 216.
Bribery, at elections in England, VII.
BRIENNE, Archbishop of Toulouse, his character as a minister, X. 316. BRILLON, Madame de, VIII. 473. British Army, their conduct in Ameri- ca, VIII. 422.
BROGLIE, Prince de, introduced to Washington, IX. 199. To Mr. Liv. ingston, 201. To Robert Morris, 203. Brotherly Love, Franklin's parable on, II. 123.
BUCHAN, Earl of, inquires of Franklin respecting the expediency of emi- gration from Scotland to the United States, IX. 486.
BUFFON, M. de, his experiments in electricity, V. 176. His complimentary letter to Franklin, X 312.
BURGH, his death and character, IX. 231.
BURGOYNE, General, of his exchange for Colonel Laurens, IX. 84. BURKE, EDMUND, remarks on the Letter to Two Great Men ascribed by some to, IV. 1. Examination of the com- mercial principles of the late negotia- tion between Great Britain and France in 1761, attributed to, 2. His speeches quoted, 262, 266. His kindness to Mr. Laurens, IX. 84.
BURNET, Governor, his controversy with the Assembly of Massachusetts, I. 86.
Busy-Body, written by Franklin, I. 84. Origin of the, II. 13. BYLES, MATHER, his complimentary letter to Franklin, X. 303.
Cables of vessels, construction of, VI. 468.
CALEF, Captain, his agency in regard to the proposed separation of the east- ern townships from Massachusetts, VIII. 66.
CALVET, PIERRE DU, his claims on the United States, X. 30. Cambridge, Franklin visits the English University of, VII. 177.
CAMPOMANES, Count de, his character, X. 98. His laudable efforts to promote intelligence and industry in Spain, 99. His remarks on Franklin's writ- ings, 114. And discoveries, 115. Canada, sums voted by the Assembly of Pennsylvania for an expedition against, III. 212. Interest of Great Britain, considered in reference to the acquisition of. IV. 1. Benefits which would result from the cession of, by France, 10. Its possession a sufficient safeguard against the French and In- dians, 11. Easily peopled, without draining England of her population 48.
Proposition for granting a free government to, V. 21. Importance of, to England, VII. 193. Commissioners to, appointed by Congress, VIII. 178. Offered by Great Britain to France, to induce her to treat, IX. 210. Its surrender suggested by Franklin to Mr. Oswald, 251. CANASSETEGO, an Indian chief, anecdote of, II. 458.
Cancer, pokeweed a remedy for, V. 287. CANTON, JOHN, his experiment of draw- ing the electric fluid from the clouds, V. 297. Experiments by Franklin in pursuance of those of, 346. Notice of, VI. 256.
Cantoon Stone, its quality of absorbing water, VI. 321.
Cape Breton, humorous remarks on the expedition against, VII. 16. Of the engineers employed against, 28. Capital Punishment, objections to the infliction of, II. 479.
CARLETON. SIR GUY, General, his con- duct at the evacuation of New York by the British, II. 504. His attempt to open a negotiation in the United States, IX. 222, 346, 348. 349. Com- municates with Washington, 380. CARMARTHEN, Lord, complains of al- leged defects of form in the ratification of the treaty of peace, X. 95.
CARMICHAEL, WILLIAM, his allusion to Lafayette, VIII. 305. His diplomatic station, 471.
Carriage-wheel, account of a newly invented, VI. 383.
CARROLL, CHARLES, VIII, 178. X. 392. CARROLL, JOHN, VIII. 178.
Carthagena, grant made by the Assem- bly of Pennsylvania, for the expedi- tion against, III. 210.
CARVER, JOHN, the traveller, VII. 438. CASTERA, his edition of Franklin's works alluded to, II 435.
Castle William, Franklin's proposition for the restoration of, to Massachusetts, V. 21.
Charmidas, Dialogue between Socrates and, concerning public employments, II. 62.
Charter of Privileges, Penn's, to the Province of Pennsylvania and terri- tories, III. 158.
Charter governments, of the colonies, what, III. 97.
Charters, colonial, subject to alteration only by agreement between the King and the colonies, IV. 273. CHASTELLUX, Chevalier de, his Travels mentioned, VIII. 442. Again, X 262. His translation of a poem by Hum- phreys, 263. Both again alluded to, 296.
CASTRIES, M. de, his compliment to CHATHAM, Lord, his attempts and plan Franklin, X. 218. Casuistry, case of, II. 545.
Catania, its destruction by an earth- quake, VI. 10.
Catarrh, opinion of ancient philosophers respecting, VI. 339.
Catechism relative to the English Na- tional Debt, V. 120.
Cats, humorous Petition of the, to Ma- dame Helvétius, II. 206. The same translated, 214.
Causes of the American Discontents be- fore 1768, explanation of the circum- stances that induced its publication, IV. 242.
Causes of Earthquakes and theories concerning them, VI. 1.
CAVE, EDMUND, publishes in London Franklin's Letters on Electricity, V. 173. His preface, 179.
CAVENDISH, CHARLES, Lord, his ex- periment to show the heat requisite to render thick glass permeable by electricity, V. 383.
Celia Single, letter from. II. 536. CELSUS, his views respecting colds, VI 339.
Chain, experiments with an electrified, VI. 275.
Chambers of legislation, one preferable to two, X. 345, 361.
CHAMBERLIN, portrait of Franklin by, VIII. 118.
CHAPMAN, account of his conversation with Franklin, respecting peace, VII.
Charcoal, its qualities as an electrical conductor, V. 426. Danger of burn- ing, in pots, VI. 44. Charity, remarks on, VII. 9, 184. CHARLES THE FIRST, policy of, in re- gard to libel, II. 289.
CHARLES THE SECOND, his policy in regard to libel. II. 291. CHARLES, ROBERT, VII. 127. Charleston, fire in, VIII. 252. Its cap- ture by the British, 482.
for reconciliation between Great Brit- ain and the colonies, V. 1. His first interview with Franklin, 5. Second interview, and his opinion of the con- duct of Congress, 34. His motion for a reconciliation, in the House of Lords, 45. Franklin's opinion of his eloquence, 46. Communicates to Franklin his plan of compromise, 47. Opens his plan in the House of Lords, 51. His panegyric of Frank- lin, 53. His declining health, VII. 336. Extract from one of his speeches, 468. His speech relative to the con- duct of the colonies, quoted, VIII 122. His motion for conciliation rejected, 140. His view of the proceedings of Congress X. 435..
CHAUMONT, recommended to the Presi- dent of Congress, X. 160. Cheese, manufacture of, in China, VII. 464.
Cherokees, invalidity of their claim to lands south of the Ohio, IV. 325. Chess, morals of, 11. 187. Instruction to be drawn from, 188. CHEZAULX, Communicates the Danish seizure of American prizes, VIII. 407. Chimneys, causes of neighbouring smoke coming down the vents of, VI. 281. Their utility for the purpose of ventilation, 309. Method of contract- ing, 324. On the causes and remedy for smoky, 505. Want of air, a fre quent cause of smoky, 509. Reme. dies suggested, 511. Large size of their openings, another cause, 514. Remedy for this, 515. Shortness of the funnel, a third, and the remedy, 517. Their overpowering one another, 519. Inconvenient situation of doors in reference to, 521. Their modern origin, 524. Account of the Stafford- shire, 531. Their use as a means of cooling in summer, 536. On smoky, VII 431.
China, a fictitious Letter from, II 241.
Remarks concerning the provision made in, against famine, 381. Views of the physicians of, relative to a draught of cold air, VI. 42. Method of warm- ing rooms in, 538. Mode of making paper in, 577. Manufacture of cheese in, VII. 464. Culture of silk in, 536. Of the paper made in, VIII. 88. Of ascending honors in, X. 59. China-ware, art of printing on, VIII. 94. CHOLMONDELY, Lord, proposes to Franklin to write to Lord Shelburne, IX. 239.
Church, importance of attending, VII.
Church of England, respecting a bishop of the, in America, VII. 402, 437. See Clergy.
Churches, number of, struck by light- ning, V. 423. Effect of multiplying congregations in, VIL 49. Franklin's method of warming, alluded to, VIII.
CHURCHMAN, JOHN, on his theory of the variation of the magnetic needle, VI. 571. His "Magnetic Atlas," X. 289. Cincinnati, order of, remarks on the, X. 58 Disapproved, 176. Circle, Magical, VI. 104.
CLAP, THOMAS, notice of, VI 188. CLARE, Lord, Franklin's conversation with, on American affairs, VII. 365. Ceases to be a member of the Board of Trade, 410. Again referred to, 411. CLARE, M, his Treatise on the Motion of Fluids, quoted, relative to the dan ger of exposure to a draught of cold air, VI. 40.
CLARKE, his observations on the late and present conduct of the French quoted, in reference to the Indians in the French interest, IV. 7. quoted, respecting their habits of life,
And military resources, 13. CLARKE, WILLIAM, remark by, quoted, concerning Franklin's Observations on the Increase of Mankind, II. 311. CLAYPOOLE, GEORGE, mortality in his family, VII 4.
Clergy, of the provision in the consti- tution of Massachusetts for the main- tenance of the, IX. 36. Ordination of the American Episcopal in England
CLINTON, SIR HENRY, respecting a let- ter of, VIII. 468.
Clock, Whitehurst's, with three wheels, noticed, VI 461.
Cioth, effect of the sun's rays on, of different colors, VI. 237. Adaptation of the colors of, to different climates,
Clouds, of those formed by vapors from the earth and sea, V. 215. Electricity
of, 279. Their positive and sometimes negative electricity, 302. In thunder- storms, it is the earth that strikes into the, 305. How they become nega- tively electrified, 355. Objections to the hypothesis. 310. Additional proof of positive and negative electricity in, and new method of ascertaining the fact, 341. Difficulty of determining how they become charged with elec- tricity 351. Of the existence of nega tive electricity in, 411.
Club for Mutual Improvement, Rules for a, II. 9.
Cohesion of the parts of bodies, cause of the, VI. 123.
Coin, useful only as the medium of ex- changing commodities, 11. 394. Re- marks on the quality of British, 396. Character and value of, 410. Its pur- pose and utility, 411. Evil arising from an incorrect estimate of the rela- tive value of gold and silver in, 412. its utility, X. 307. Coinage, copper, for the United States, projected, VIII. 383. Cold, production of, by evaporation, VI. Remarks relative to heat and,
Produced by mixing some chem- ical liquors, or salt and snow, 209. COLDEN, CADWALLADER, his remarks on Franklin's Hints for a Scheme for the Union of the Colonies, III 30, Account of, V. 258. Sketch of his life, and his suggestion of a new meth- od of printing, VI. 18. His reply to Strahan's objections to this method, 26. His thoughts on different species of matter, and suggestions for publishing philosophical papers, 33. His view of the benefit of Franklin's stove, 64. His views as to the effect of the mo- tion of the earth on the length of voy- ages across the Atlantic, 76. His Phi- losophical Treatise referred to, 94. its general objects, 96 His observations upon light, 115. His Indian History referred to, 117. His observations on Franklin's meteorological paper, rela- tive to the phenomena of water and air, 177. His description of a water- spout, 178. On the generation of wind by fermentation, 196. On winds blowing in contrary directions, and the motion of the planets. 197. On water-spouts, 199.
COLDEN, DAVID, his remarks on Nol let's Letters to Franklin on electricity, V. 319. Franklin's opinion of the re- marks, VII. 61.
Colds, opinion of ancient philosophers respecting, VI. 339. Prevailing im- pressions respecting, ill-founded, 378. Respecting inquiries into the causes of,
337. Definition of, 383. Known only in civilized countries, 393. Produced by contagion, 400. Not produced by cold air, 401.
COLEMAN, WILLIAM, an associate of Franklin, I. 82.
Colica Pictonum, cause of the, VI. 278. Instance of the, 566.
Colleges, of instruction in, VII. 44. Subjects which should be studied in, 45. Best location of, 46. COLLINS, JOHN, his intimacy with Frank- lin, I. 17. His intemperance, 43. COLLINSON, PETER, publishes in Eng- land Franklin's Letters on Electricity, V. 175. His description of bones of the Great Mastodon, VI. 276. Notice of, VII. 50. Some facts relating to,
Colonies, observations on the peopling of, II. 311. Plan of union of the American, III. 23. Taxation of the American, 58. On their representa- tion in Parliament, 64. See American Colonies.
Colonies, British and French American, of commerce with the, X. 85. Comazants, explanation of, V. 224. Comet, seen in Yorkshire, VI. 451. Commerce, its effect upon manners, II. 329. Results of fair, 374. Remarks on American, VII. 321. Correction of an error respecting, IX. 55. Commercial Convention proposed by Mr. Hartley, IX. 416.
Commissioners of the Colonies, their meeting at Albany in 1754, 111. 22. Plan of union adopted by the, 23. List of their names, 23.
Commissioners of Customs, of their ex- emption from taxes, VII. 533. Injus- tice of the scheme, 547. Commissioners for American Affairs in Europe, VIII. 190. Of bills drawn by Congress upon, 249. On the settle- ment of their accounts, 256. Arthur Lee's course in regard to the accounts, 260. Inconvenience of maintaining three, 291. Their financial situation 308. Their advances to Izard and Lee, 310. Their correspondence with Lord Stormont on the subject of American prisoners, IX. 166.
Commissioners for Negotiating Peace, American, who, IX. 82. Nature of their authority, 143. Their readiness to treat, announced by Franklin, 195. Sign the treaty with Great Britain without communicating with the French government, 453. Substance of their instructions, relative to that communication, 458. Their unreason- able distrust of the French cabinet, 458. Of their conduct relative to the
signature of the treaty, 532. See Peace.
Commissioners, British, for treating with Congress, character of their proposi tions, VIII. 302.
Commissioners to Canada, appointed by Congress, VIII. 178. Their commis- sion, 179.
Committee of Correspondence, appoint- ment of the Rhode Island, VII. 264. Constituted by several colonies, VIII. 50.
Committee of the States dissolved, X. 136.
Committee of Congress, to confer with Washington respecting the army, mentioned, VIII. 160.
Common Law, to what extent recog- nised in the colonies, IV. 271. Common Sense, Thomas Paine's, men- tioned, VIII. 174. Comparison of the Conduct of the an- cient Jews and of the Anti-Federal- ists in the United States of America, V. 158.
Comparison of Great Britain and the United States in Regard to the Basis of Credit in the two Countries, II. 426. Compass, Mariner's, effect of lightning on the, V. 276. Its antiquity, IX. 29. Composition, rules for, X. 399. CONDORCET, Marquis de, Franklin's re- plies to certain inquiries by, VI. 411. Disapproves the constitution of the United States, X. 353.
Conductors, a more appropriate term than non-electric, V. 260. Correction of the mistake, that only water and metals are, 283. Difference in the quality of, 350. What constitute the best, 415. On the controversy respect- ing blunt and pointed, VIII. 226. See Rods.
Conestogo Indians, their treaty with Penn, IV. 54. Account of the mas- sacre of the, 59. Cruel dealing of the whites with the, 72. Confederacy, vessel of war, apprehen- sion expressed of her loss, VIII. 412. Confidence in the Divine Goodness, on, VII. 261.
Congress, Colonial, meeting of, in 1765, concerning the Stamp Act, IV. 471. Principles on which they were con- vened, 472.
Congress, Continental, suggested by Franklin, VIII. 55, 63. Their petition to the King, V. 26. Chatham's opinion of their proceedings, 34. Franklin's Articles of Confederation proposed in the, 91. Appoint a committee to con fer with Lord Howe, 97. Report of the committee respecting the inter- view, 106. Proposed meeting of a, in
New York, VII. 298. Importance of unanimity in the, VIII 132. Com- mittee appointed by, to confer with Washington respecting the army, 160. Secret committee of correspondence, when constituted, 163. Their mea- sures censured as unfavorable to con ciliation, 177. Appoint commissioners to Canada, 178. Of constituting their a supreme legislature, 181. Recom mend the distribution of papers among the Hessian troops, 185. Of their bills drawn on the American commi sioners in France, 249. Their es lution in compliment to Dr Pric 354. Remonstrance of Couns de Ve gennes against their resolutions re specting paper money held be for-igy ers, 478 Those resolutions explainer 499.
Of the aid of France to meet the drafts of, 500. Remar, on the issue of paper money, 506 Commen.
of Vergennes on their resolution, dering drafts on Franklin, 515. Em- barrassment occasioned by their drants, 520. Their instructions respecting representations to the French court, 534. Accept the mediation of Russia and Austria, IX. 47. Refuse to ac- cept Franklin's resignation, 71. Of their bills drawn on the ministers in Europe, 74. Difficulty of meeting those bills, 145. Their acts relative to spoliations of the enemy, and claims of loyalists, 426. Their instruc- tions to the commissioners for nego- tiating peace, relative to communicat- ing with the French cabinet, 458. Ratify the treaty of peace, X. 56. Their resolves to place no party to a commercial treaty on a better footing than France, 138. Character of the, in 1784, 153. Security to the people derived from the mode of election of its members, 177. First petition of, to the King and Parliament, 433. Constitution of the United States, Frank- lin's general views respecting the, V. 155. Progress in its adoption, X. 337. Remarks on the, 345. Its progress, 349, 350, 360, 409.
Constitutions, American, Franklin re- quests leave to publish them in France, IX. 503. Translated and pub- lished in Paris, X. 39. Convention for forming the Constitution, proposals for consideration in the, V. 142. Franklin's speech in, on salaries, 144. And motion for prayers in the, 153. His speech at the conclusion of its deliberations, 155. Convention, commercial, proposed by Mr. Hartley, IX. 416.
Convention of Deputies from the sever-
al towns in Massachusetts, their pe- tition to the King, II. 485. CONWAY, General, conversation of Franklin with, on American affairs, VII. 354. Another conversation with, 385.
Cook, Captain, passport granted by Franklin, for, V. 122. His voyages, K. 111. Copy sent to Franklin by the King's order, 125.
Cookery, modes of, at sea, II. 109. Its quality at sea, VI. 493.
Ceol Thoughts on the Present Situation f our Public Affairs, object for which t was written, IV. 78. COOPER, SIR GREY, Franklin's conver ation with, relative to his post of eputy postmaster-general, VII. 406. Writes respecting the treatment of Colonel Laurens in the Tower, VIII. 517.
COOPER, SAMUEL, Franklin's letter to, quoted, on the relation of the colonies to Great Britain, III. 67. His letter on the Hutchinson Letters, quoted, 421. Curious incident relating to Franklin's letters to, VII. 440. Refers to a ru mor respecting the conduct of Frank- lin in regard to the fisheries in nego- tiating the treaty of peace, X. 6. Copper, account of a mine of, in the Jerseys, VI. 107. On covering houses with, 329. Description of the mode of doing this, 335.
Copper coinage, for the United States, projected, VIII. 383. Suitable devices for, 384.
Cork balls, electrical experiments with, V. 330.
Corn, remarks on the price of, II. 355. Effect of the British laws relative to the exportation of, 356. CORNBURY, Lord, Queen Anne's in- structions to, relative to liberty of con- science, IV. $6.
CORNWALLIS, Lord, his capitulation, IX. 95. His exchange for Mr. Laurens suggested, 263, 292, 319. Is discharg ed from his parole by Franklin, 327. COUR, MATHON DE LA, Some of his writings mentioned, X. 212. Frank- lin's compliment to him, 239. Court of the Press, account of the, II. 508.
COWPER, WILLIAM. Franklin's opinion of his poetry, IX. 221. Craven Street Gazette, 11. 233 to 240. Credit, circumstances on which that of individuals depends, II. 426. Cremona, effect of lightning on a church in, V. 467.
CRIGAN, CLAUDIUS, Bishop of Sodor and Man, his complimentary letter to Franklin, X. 183.
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