UNDERGRADUATE HONOR EXAMINATION PAPERS.

SENIOR SOPHISTERS.

Classics.

MR. MAHAFFY.

Translate into Latin Prose :

As to the eye of the body, objects appear great or small, not so much according to their real dimensions as according to the nearness or distance of their situation; so do they likewise to what may be called the natural eye of the mind: and we remedy the defects of both these organs pretty much in the same manner. In my present situation, an immense landscape of lawns and woods, and distant mountains, seems to do no more than cover the little window which I write by, and to be out of all proportion less than the chamber in which I am sitting. I can form a just comparison between those great objects and the little objects around me in no other way than by transporting myself, at least in fancy, to a different station, from whence I can survey both at nearly equal distances, and thereby form some judgment of their real proportions.

Translate into Greek Prose :

But that reverence for the rule which past experience has impressed upon him, checks the impetuosity of his passion, and helps him to correct the too partial views which self-love might otherwise suggest of what was proper to be done in his situation. If he should allow himself to be so far transported by passion as to violate this rule, yet, even in this case, he cannot throw off altogether the awe and respect with which he has been accustomed to regard it. At the very time of acting, at the moment in which passion mounts the highest, he hesitates and trembles at the thought of what he is about to do: he is secretly conscious to himself that he is breaking through those measures of conduct which, in all his cool hours, he had resolved never to infringe, which he had never seen infringed by others without the highest disapprobation, and the infringement of which, his own mind forebodes, must soon render him the object of the same disagreeable sentiments.

MR. MAHAFFY.

Translate into Latin Verse:

Within the hoary ruin soon we sat
Together on the time-worn altar-stair,
Where, thirty years before, we once delayed
In blissful commune of the thoughts that stir
A young man's heart-of letters, and of song,
Of cities, nations, wars, of death, of life,
And of the Love that, like the purple light
Of western heaven, a softened radiance spreads
Of glory and of beauty o'er the world.
Then, too, as now, blue airs of noonday played
Around our brows, then dark, but silvery now.

Translate into Greek Verse:

But my will

No longer can withstand the surging flood
Of strong desire that bursts it, to be gone
Beyond these lonely hills to the great world,
And quaff the life of men. These mountain-walls
Confine me like a prison; and I yearn

With my whole soul to live my father's life,
A warrior among warriors, scourging wrong,
Guarding the right-not wasting weary years
In barren piety and selfish prayers,
Wearing the solitary rocks, the while
Red-handed giant Evil strides abroad
Unchallenged and untamed. O, let me go!
My father never battled for the right
As this strong hand shall battle: let me go,
And prove my virgin valour on the foes
Of Christ in foreign lands beyond the sea.

Ethics.

MR. ABBOTT.

1. Mackintosh quotes Leibnitz as saying, "It is a question whether the preservation of human society be the first principle of the law of nature. This our author denies, in opposition to Grotius, who laid down sociability to be so; to Hobbes, who ascribed that character to mutual

fear; and to Cumberland, who held that it was mutual benevolence: which are all three only different names for the safety and welfare of society." Comment on this passage, pointing out the confusion implied in it.

2. To what causes does Mackintosh trace what he calls "the abusive extension of the term Reason to the moral faculties"?

3. “ Mr. [James] Mill derives the whole theory of government from the single fact that every man pursues his interest when he knows it." Criticise this proposition of Mill.

4. "Our horror for cruelty has no sort of resemblance to our contempt for mean-spiritedness.' "What inferences does Smith draw from this and similar facts? How would they be explained from other points of view?

5. When we approve of any character or action, our sentiments are complex. Into what elements are they resolved by Smith?

6. What defects are common to all the systems which place virtue in propriety? What are the different forms in which this view of virtue has been upheld in modern times?

7. In what must the happiness of a future life consist according to Cicero (as quoted by Mackintosh from St. Augustine), and why? Criticise his argument.

8. What distinction does Aristotle draw between δι' ἄγνοιαν πράττειν and ἀγνοοῦντα ποιεῖν ? What is his decision of the question, Whether in these cases the act is voluntary or not?

9. Translate and comment on :—

Εἰ δέ τις λέγοι ὅτι πάντες ἐφίενται τοῦ φαινομένου ἀγαθοῦ, τῆς δὲ φαντασίας οὐ κύριοι, ἀλλ ̓ ὁποῖός ποθ ̓ ἕκαστος ἐστι, τοιοῦτο καὶ τὸ τέλος φαίνεται αὐτῷ· εἰ μὲν οὖν ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ τῆς ἕξεώς ἐστί πως αἴτιος, καὶ τῆς φαντασίας ἔσται πως αὐτὸς αἴτιος· εἰ δὲ μὴ, οὐθεὶς αὑτῷ αἴτιος τοῦ κακὰ ποιεῖν, ἀλλὰ δι ̓ ἄγνοιαν τοῦ τέλους ταῦτα πράττει, διὰ τούτων οἰόμενος αὑτῷ τὸ ἄριστον ἔσεσθαι. Ἡ δὲ τοῦ τέλους ἔφεσις οὐκ αὐθαίρετος, ἀλλὰ φῦναι δεῖ ὥσπερ ὄψιν ἔχοντα, ᾗ κρινεῖ καλῶς καὶ τὸ κατ ̓ ἀλήθειαν ἀγαθὸν αἱρήσεται. Καὶ ἔστιν εὐφυὴς, ᾧ τοῦτο καλῶς πέφυκεν· τὸ γὰρ μέγιστον καὶ κάλλιστον, καὶ ὃ παρ' ἑτέρου μὴ οἷόν τε λαβεῖν μηδὲ μαθεῖν, ἀλλ ̓ οἷον ἔφυ, τοιοῦτον ἕξει, καὶ τὸ εὖ καὶ τὸ καλῶς τοῦτο πεφυκέναι ἡ τελεία καὶ ἀληθινὴ ἂν εἴη εὐφυΐα. Εἰ δὴ ταῦτ ̓ ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ, τί μᾶλλον ἡ ἀρετὴ τῆς κακίας ἔσται ἑκούσιον ;

DR. TARLETON.

I. How does Butler show the supremacy of Conscience, and our obligation to obey it?

2. Notwithstanding the supremacy of Conscience, complete obedience to its dictates could not, on Butler's principles, be justified without a tacit assumption ?

3. To have no regard to others in our conduct involves a speculative absurdity reduced to practice?

4. What general principle is employed by Butler to account for the inconsistency of persons whose acts are not in conformity with their belief?

5. How does Butler describe the nature, design, and object of each of the two kinds of Resentment?

He applies one of the Experimental Methods to confirm his opinion of the object of the second kind of Resentment?

6. How does Butler show that a state of discipline implies a limitation to the strength of the evidence of Religion?

7. Benevolence is more self-sufficient than any other propension?

8. What must be understood by Benevolence when it is spoken of as the sum of Virtue ?

How far is it true, according to Butler, that Benevolence is the whole of Virtue ?

As regards the coincidence of Benevolence with Virtue, Butler seems to concede more in the Sermons than in the Dissertation; why?

9. How does Butler define the term 'interested' as applied to actions, and distinguish it from the term 'selfish' as commonly used?

The signification of selfish is founded on a false analogy, and has led to a mistaken opinion?

10. Self-regard may in different instances produce opposite effects on self-judgment?

Self-partiality may in different instances produce opposite effects on our judgment of others?

DR. MAGUIRE.

I. How has Matthew Arnold misrepresented Butler's postulate ? What is its use in the several chapters of the First Part?

2. What is the value of Analogy? How does Mill explain it ? Mackintosh states that Butler took his motto from Origen? Did he? For what does he quote Origen?

3. On what evidence would Butler ground his postulate ?

4. Give accurately Butler's doctrine of Habits, stating the various laws which determine their growth.

5. "Are there any marks of distributive justice in this world? If you answer in the affirmative, I conclude that since justice here exerts itself, it is satisfied."

How does Butler anticipate this objection?

6. Hume considers that a man avoids the fire on the same principle of instinct that leads a bird to hatch.

How far would Butler admit this?
State your reasons.

7. State fully Butler's doctrine of Probation.

8. Show the value of the argument from Society.
How far does Butler found Society on the Individual?

9. Give an analysis of the chapter on Necessity.

10. Discuss from Butler's point of view the doctrine of Necessity.

Experimental Science.

HEAT, ELECTRICITY, AND MAGNETISM.

MR. FITZGERALD.

1. Explain how aneroid barometers are constructed.

2. Describe Regnault's method of measuring the density of a gas. 3. Explain how the conducting power of a body for heat may be measured.

4. Show how it follows from the Second Law of Thermodynamics that bodies which expand on freezing, like water, have their freezingpoint lowered by increased pressure.

5. Calculate the quantity of heat that must be given to a mass of gas, at an initial pressure of 1000 grammes per sq. c., in order to keep its temperature constant when it expands from 10 cubic meters to 20 cubic meters. [N. B.-Loge 2 = = .694.]

6. Describe how the laws of electrical attractions and repulsions may be studied by means of a torsion balance.

7. Explain how to measure the capacity of a Leyden jar.

8. 12 cells, each with a resistance of .4 ohms, are desired to drive a current through a resistance of .3 ohms; find how they should be coupled up so as to give the greatest current. What will the current be?

9. If the electromotive force of each of these cells were 1.2 volts, calculate the power developed by the battery when all the cells are in series. 10. Describe any form of dynamo.

HEAT.

MR. CULVERWELL.

1. Explain Reflection and Refraction on the undulatory theory. Does light bend round corners as sound does?

2. What were the experiments of Newton and of Dolland on Dispersion? What is the condition of Achromatism?