Tides, influence of the, in producing error in a ship's reckoning at sea, VI. 77. On the phenomena of the, in rivers, 226. Further remarks on the, 231.
Toad, its tenacity of life, VI. 381. Ac- count of a, imbedded in solid stone, 441. Suggestion as to the cause of their retaining life, 442.
TODD, JONATHAN, his objections to some of Franklin's meteorological theories stated, VI. 171. Remarks on the trade-wind, 174. Franklin's re- ply, 176.
TODERINI, J. B., his account of his Filosofia Frankliniana, VI. 351. Toleration, in Old England and New England, remarks on, 11. 112; X. 349. Torpedo, method of ascertaining wheth- er its shock be electrical, V. 412. Mr. Walsh's mode of ascertaining this fact, VI. 348.
Tourmalin, on the electricity of the, V. 363. Positive and negative states of the opposite sides of the heated, 365.
TOWNSHEND, CHARLES, his plan for raising a revenue in America, IV. 247. His claim of credit for suggest ing this plan, VII. 339.
TOWNSHEND, THOMAS, is appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Af fairs, IX. 371.
Trade, note respecting, II. 366. Its principles stated, 383. Definition, true end, and best support of, 385. More benefited by industry than by money, 392. On the interference of governments with, 401. Notions con- cerning, 418. Necessity of restrict- ing, in the United States, in 1788, X. 337.
Tradesman, Franklin's advice to a young, II. 87.
Trade-wind, suggestions respecting the cause of the, VI. 133. Todd's objec- tion to Franklin's views, 174. Frank- lin's reply, 176.
Transit of Mercury, preparations for observing the, VI. 159. Distribution of letters relating to the, 160. Transit of Venus, observations on the expected, V. 421. Concerning some observations of the, VII. 455. Traveller, humorous letter of, in regard to newspapers, VII. 287.
Treaty of Alliance concluded between the United States and France, pro- visions of the, VIII. 239.
Treaty of Commerce with Austria, re- specting a, IX. 543; X. 118, 142. With Bavaria, IX. 542. With Den- mark, 487, 510, 512; its progress, 524, 529, 537, 542; X. 29. With
France, concluded, VIII. 239. With Great Britain, proposed, IX. 496; its progress, X. 18, 20; its delay, 112, 307. With Morocco, IX. 530; X. 16, 31, 34, 35. With Portugal, IX. 524, 537; its progress, X. 29. With Swe den, IX. 342, 383, 443; powers ex- changed, 460; concluded and ratified, 495, 524; X. 29.
Treaty of Peace. See Peace. TRENCK, Baron, a statement of denied by Franklin, X. 411. TROMOND, VIII. 189. Truce between Great Britain and the United States proposed, VIII. 332. Franklin's views on the subject, 345. True State of the Proceedings in the Parliament of Great Britain and the Province of Massachusetts Bay, rela- tive to the Giving and Granting the Money of the People of that Province and all America, in the House of Com- mons, where they are not represented, IV. 466.
TRUXTUN, Commodore, his machine for stopping the motion of vessels, VI. 484. His naval services, X. 217. TUCKER, JOSIAH, his plan for protecting the colonies from the Indians, III. 48 His views exposed, relative to the Indian war, IV. 215; to the taxing power of Parliament, 216; and on the policy of Great Britain in regard to colonial commerce, 225. General views of his character and writings; his plan for separating the colonies from the mother country, 516. At- tacks Franklin, who demands an ex- planation, 519. Repeats the charge of Franklin's applying for a place un- der the Stamp Act, 521. His disin- genuous conduct, 525. His zealous hostility to Franklin, VII. 366. TURGOT, his application of a Latin verse to Franklin, VIII. 537. A let- ter of, mentioned, X. 105. Turin, present by the Academy of, VIII. 188.
PIETRO, communicates to Franklin his work on electrical con- ductors, VI. 424.
Turkey, of the proposed conquest of, X. 329, 334.
Turkey, killed by electricity, V. 346. Recommended as the representative of America, X. 63.
Turks, mode of visiting among the, II. 28. Their treatment of captives, IV. 65.
Touford, visit of Franklin to, VII. 254.
TYTLER, his remarks on Franklin's letter relating to old Scotch tunes, VI. 268. His account of Lord Kames's
views on the subject of a consolidat- ing union between Britain and the colonies, VII. 334.
Union of the Colonies, papers relating to the plan of, III. 22. United States, remarks on the paper money of the, II. 421. Comparison of, with Great Britain, in regard to the basis of credit, 426. Rate of wages in the, 440. Their general condition at the close of the revolutionary war, 461. Their agriculture, 462. Their fisheries, 463. Trade, 464. Of par- ties in the, 465. Erroneous notions prevailing in Europe in regard to the, 467. Mediocrity of the general con- dition in the, 468. To whom there might be advantage in emigration to the, 470. Of manufactures in the, 474. Article respecting privateering, in their treaty with Prussia, 486. Views respecting the Constitution of the, V. 155. Treaty of alliance concluded between France and the, VIII. 239. Condition of their finances in 1779, 308. Their alliance with France an obstacle to peace with Great Britain, 312. Objections to their quitting the alliance, 317. Rapid growth of the, 323. Excessive purchase of superflu. ities in the, 327. Depreciation of their currency in 1779, 329. State of their financial affairs in France, 355. Of dissensions in the, 370. Of a cop- per coinage for the, 383. Importation of superfluities in the, 403. Will not treat without their allies, 413. Mr. Jebb's proposal of their federal union with Great Britain. 508. Dis- tressed state of their affairs in 1780, 535. Additional loan by France to the, IX. 1. Of supplies in France for the, 32. Feeling entertained in the, towards France, 104. Of their claim as far west as the Mississippi, 129; and to fish on the banks of Newfoundland, 135. Policy of Great Britain to separate France and the, 189. Condition of their affairs in 1782, 222. Their credit injured by soliciting foreign alliances, 285. Rea- sons why they should treat without any of their allies but France, 306. Their financial embarrassment early in 1783, 464. Intelligence of the peo- ple of the, X. 2. Difficulty of meet- ing their drafts, 43. Of luxury in the, 113. Their tranquillity in 1784, 124, 155. Their condition in 1785, 235. In 1786, 250, 253, 276. In 1787, 294. Attempts to disparage the, 298. Con- VOL. X. 68
stitution of the, 299. Of public credit in the, 335. See Peace.
University of Pennsylvania, their ad- dress to Franklin on his return from France, V. 140.
Value, labor the best measure of, II. 265. Of agricultural labor as a meas- ure, VII. 435.
Vanity, extract from an essay on hu- man, II. 179.
VAUGHAN, BENJAMIN, his vindication of Franklin in reference to the Hutch- inson letters, IV. 446, 450. His edi- tion of Franklin's writings, VIII. 404. His views on the subject of reconcil- iation, IX. 433. Urges Dr. Franklin to write a memoir of his life, 478. Vegetation, on the cooling of, by evap oration, VI. 216. Its effect on nox- ious air, 414.
Ventilation, remarks on, VI. 307. Me- phitic quality communicated to the air by respiration, 308. Utility of chimneys for, 309. Dr. Hales's sug- gestion respecting, 310. Franklin's mode of, 311 Dr. Armstrong's view of its importance, 314. Defect of hospitals in this respect, 315. Influ- ence of trees in, 322.
Venus, remarks on the expected transit of, V. 420. On some observations of the transit, VII. 455. VEOME, Count del, introduced to Mr. Livingston, IX. 519. VERGENNES, Count de, interview of the American commissioners with, VIII. 194. His desire that the ap- pointment of M. Gérard should be concealed from Arthur Lee, 260. Franklin's account to, of conversa- tions with Mr. Hartley and Mr. Chap- man, 268. Expresses his satisfac-
tion with the account, 271. His dis- satisfaction with Mr. Adams, 448. His comment on the resolution of Congress ordering drafts on Franklin, 515. Interviews of Franklin with, IX. 76. Mr. Oswald recommended to, 243. His interview with Oswald and Franklin, 245. Demands that the first proposition to treat should come from England, 248. Conversation with Mr. Grenville, 273. Insists that no aid was given by France to the United States, till their independence was de- clared, 274. Communicates to Franklin the fact, that Mr. Grenville's commis- sion relates to France only, 299. His view of the mission of Mr. Walpole, 329. Is satisfied with Mr. Grenville's powers to treat, 335; but doubts his
good faith, 338. Doubts the sincerity of the British ministry in proposing the negotiation, 373. Complains of the signature of the treaty with Great Britain by the American commission- ers without communication with the French court, 449. His communica- tion to M. de la Luzerne on the sub- ject, and his opinion of the treaty, 453. His comment on the intercepted let- ter of M. de Marbois, 463. Refuses to sign the definitive treaty with England until that of the United States is signed, X. 17. His expres- sions of regret at Franklin's departure from France, 171.
Vermont, disturbances in New Hamp- shire and, IX. 162.
VERNON, CHARLES, his account of the treatment of Mr. Laurens in the Tow- er, VIII. 516.
Versailles, visit of Franklin to, VII. 361. Vessels, on the form of least resistance, VI. 463. On the means of diminish- ing the resistance of the air by a new arrangement of the sails, 465. On the construction of the cables of, 468. Means of preserving, from overset- ting, 472. Construction of double, 473. Of accidents by fire, lightning, and collision, 475. And from ice, 476. Of the Indian and Chinese, 477. Various moving powers, 478. Of a swimming anchor, 481. Of machines for stopping the motion of, 482. Ef- fect of currents on the motion of, 485. Health of the crews of, 489. VICQ D'AZYR, FELIX, some account of, VI. 433.
Vienna, visit of Franklin to, suggest- ed, IX. 501.
Vindication and Offer from Congress to Parliament, circumstances that pro- duced the work, V. 83.
Virginia, conduct of the British army in, during the revolutionary war, II. 503. Views of the commissioners of, relative to lands south of the Great Kenhawa, IV. 332. View of the House of Burgesses of, relative to colonization in the interior, 365. In- quiry how far the jurisdiction of, can be extended to the Ohio, 372. Reso- lutions of, respecting a Congress, VII. 295. Her resolutions on the subject of a Committee of Correspondence, VIII. 54. Respecting supplies ob- tained in Europe for, 320.
Virtue, its character and effect delin- eated, II. 19. Dialogue concerning, 46. Another dialogue respecting, 51. Self-denial shown not to be the es- sence of, 63.
Vis Inertia of matter, remarks on the,
VI. 87. Baxter's doctrine on the sub- ject examined, and its existence de- nied, 88. Subject again referred to, 93. Visits, how to be regulated, II. 27. Turkish mode of making, 28. Volcanic Action in Italy, VI. 373. VOLTA, an electrical experiment by, V. 476.
Voting, on the just proportion between representation and, V. 169.
Voyage, Journal of a, from England to America, by Franklin, I. 547. Plan of a, for exchanging the productions of civilized and uncivilized countries, II. 378. Reason of the greater length of the westward, than the eastward, across the Atlantic, VI. 74. Means of securing comfort on a, 431. Arti- cles essential for a, 493.
WADDELL, Captain, effect of lightning on his compass, V. 276. Wages, to be raised in Europe by the American Revolution, II. 435. Evils arising from the low rate of, 436. Impolicy of attempting to depress the rate, 437. Low rate of, not the cause of the advantages of commerce, 439. Rates of, in the United States, 440. Rates of, how to be affected in Europe by the high rates in America, 441. Effect of the facility of emigration from Europe upon the rates of, 443. WALPOLE, THOMAS, circumstances re- lating to a grant to him and others of lands on the Ohio, IV. 302. Dissuades Franklin from presenting his proposed protest to Lord Dartmouth, V. si. WALPOLE, Count de Vergennes's view of his mission, IX. 329.
Walpole's Grant, some account of, I. 339. Extracts of letters from Franklin on the subject, IV. 263. Alluded to, VII. 355, 517. Franklin's agency in procuring, VIII. 1. See Ohio Settle-
WALSH, JOHN, his discovery respecting the torpedo, VI. 348. Mode of ascer taining its essential quality, 349. His discovery respecting the effect of a vacuum on electricity, 413. WALTER, his experiments in logograph- ic printing, X. 8.
WALTERSTORF is instructed to pro- mote the conclusion of a commercial treaty between Denmark and the United States, IX. 487.
War, principles on which it should be conducted, II. 487. Absurdity of, VIII. 417. Again, X. 26. WASHINGTON, GEORGE, mentioned as commander of the Virginia forces,
VII. 122. His views in regard to non- importation and non-exportation reso- lutions, 373. Committee appointed by Congress to confer with, respecting the army, VIII. 160. Cabals against, 305. His reputation in Europe, 376. Proposal of Franklin to him to visit Europe, 429. Houdon's statue of, X. 117. Congratulates Franklin on his return from France, 225. Expresses his readiness to sit to Houdon, 228. Compliments Franklin on his recovery of health, 397.
Water, passage of the electric fluid through, V. 210. New relation be- tween it and metals, 260. Correction of the mistake that these alone are conductors, 283. Experiments on boiling, and glass heated by boil- ing, 367. Of the explosion of, 393. Mode of its solution in air, VI. 128. Of the adhesion of, 160. Qual- ities of its constituent particles, 161. Mr. Todd's objection to Franklin's theory relative to the attraction be- tween air and, 171. Cooling of, by evaporation, 214. Fresh, produced by distillation, 218. Of salt, made fresh by distillation, 231. More compressible in winter than summer, 258. Differ- ence of navigation in shoal and deep, 286. How to preserve it clear and sweet, 324. Explosion of metallic or glass drops in, 384. Vegetation of plants in, 423.
WATERHOUSE, BENJAMIN, VIII. 529. Waterspouts, suggestion respecting the cause of, VI. 136. Of direct and de- scending, 137. Remarks on Stuart's drawings of, 139. Description of one at Antigua, 143. Whirlwinds sup- posed to be identical with, 147. Their motion and origin, 147. Descending, probably rare, 149. Explanation of, suggested, 150. Not always attended by whirlwinds, 165. Why stopped by thunder and cannon, 167. Circum- stances favoring the idea of their de- scent, 168. Colden's description of a, 179. Extract from Dampier's Voy- ages relative to, 183. On the coast of New Orleans, 185. Remarks of Mr. Colden on, 199. WATSON, RICHARD, Bishop of Landaff, his Collection of Tracts mentioned, X.
WATSON, WILLIAM, his claim to the discovery of positive and negative electricity second to that of Franklin, V. 173. His scientific character, and his account of experiments on thun- derclouds, 296. His abstract of Frank- lin's electrical experiments and ob- servations, 487.
WATSON, anecdotes of Franklin in his Annals of Philadelphia, I. 91. Way to make Money plenty in every Man's Pocket, II. 82.
Way to Wealth, origin of Franklin's, II. 92; its extensive circulation, 93. Wealth of nations, positions to be ex- amined concerning the, II. 373. WEBSTER, NOAH, his philological la- bors commended, X. 413. WEDDERBURN, his speech before the Privy Council quoted, relative to the Hutchinson letters, IV. 425. Detailed account of his attack on Franklin on that occasion, 447. Again, VIII. 105. WEISSENSTEIN, CHARLES DE, his se- cret mission and plan of reconcilia- tion, VIII. 278.
Wellingborough, Franklin's visit to some relatives in, VII. 177. WEST, BENJAMIN, portrait of Franklin by, IX. 493.
WEST, JAMES, VI. 341. WEST, protection of his house by a lightning-rod, V. 375.
West Indian Colonies, reasons for pre- ferring the North American colonies to, IV. 35. Extent of their trade, as compared with that of the northern, 37. WHARTON, THOMAS, his view of the importance of a change of govern- ment in Pennsylvania, VII. 280. His allusion to the services of Franklin, 314. To the repeal of the Stamp Act, 318.
WHATELY, WILLIAM, his duel with Mr. Temple, in consequence of the publication of the Hutchinson letters, IV. 434. His suit against Franklin, 437. Facts stated by, relative to the letters, 445. His duel, VIII. 100. WHATLEY, GEORGE, his tract on the Principles of Trade mentioned, II. 383. His preface to Reflections on Corn, 409. His Principles of Trade, X. 132, 147.
Wheat, principle of the bounty on, II. 403. Expediency of reducing it, 405. WHEATON, HENRY, his History of the Northmen mentioned, II. 76; VIII. 69. Wheel, electrical, how constructed, V. 204. Its moving force, 205. Con- struction of a self-moving, 206. Whig Principles, some good, stated, II. 372.
Whigs, Franklin's advice to the Eng- lish, VIII. 243. Whirlwind, suggestion respecting the cause of a, VI. 135. Suggestion of their identity with waterspouts, 147. Their origin and motion, 147. De- scending ones rare, 148. Most com- mon in the daytime, 149. Explana- tion of, suggested, 150. Do not always
attend waterspouts, 165. Some cir- cumstances relative to, favorable to the hypothesis, that all waterspouts descend, 170. Account of a, in Ma- ryland, 201.
Whisk Seed, VII. 129. Whistle, the, II. 180.
WHITEFIELD, GEORGE, his oratory, I. 136, 138. His intimacy with Frank- lin, VII. 74. His account of Frank- lin's examination before the House of Commons, 312.
Whitehaven, coal mines at, visited by Franklin, VIII. 10.
WHITEHEAD, PAUL, his poems quoted,
WHITEHURST, his clock with three wheels mentioned, VI. 461. WHITWORTH, his State of Trade quot- ed, relative to the commercial jeal- ousy of the German States, IV. 29. WICKES, Captain, VIII. 193. Wife, how to choose a, VII. 559. WILKES, JOHN, some particulars re- specting, VII. 400, 403. His sen- tence, 413.
WILLIAMS, JONATHAN, noticed, VII.252. WILLIAMS, name assumed by Mr. Pul- teney during his secret agency, VIII. 253.
WILLIAMSON, HUGH, Dr. Hosack's ac- count of his obtaining the Hutchinson letters, IV. 441. Reasons for believ- ing the account erroneous, 442. WILSON, BENJAMIN, his experiments showing the identity of electricity and lightning, V. 298. His objections to pointed conductors stated, 434. His preference of the blunt, 446. His pamphlet on the subject mentioned, VI. 379. His blunt conductors pre- ferred by some, VIII. 227.
WILSON, Judge, his pamphlet on the relation between the King and the colonies alluded to, IV. 409. WILSON, Professor, his theory respect- ing spots in the sun, VI. 369. Wind, generation of, by fermentation, VI. 196. Blowing in contrary direc- tions, 196
WINTHROP, JOHN, Professor, his re. marks relative to colonial affairs, IV. 423. Account of, V. 363. His ob- servation of electricity in the atmo- sphere, 405. Is elected a member
of the Royal Society, VI 262. His observation of the transit of Mercury, 328. His death, VIII. 402. Wire, experiment for burning, VI. 448. Women, inexpediency of their engaging in political concerns, VII. 168. Wood, expense of, in the Northern col- onies, VI. 35. Advantage of the Franklin stove as respects the con- sumption of, 59.
WooDWARD, his view of the causes of earthquakes, VI. 4.
Words, improper use of certain, X. 413, 414.
Works, value of good, VII. 75. Their superiority to faith, 76. Too much undervalued, 185.
Wreckers, The, extract from the farce of, VIII. 318.
WREN, THOMAS, his kindness to Amer- ican prisoners in England, IX. 545. WRIGHT, Governor, his views on the subject of inland grants, IV. 319. His objections examined, 363.
WRIGHT, PATIENCE, account of, VIII. 343.
WYNNE, his History of the British
Empire in America quoted, relative to the increase of the colonists, IV. 360. WYVILL, SIR CHARLES, his remarks relative to the elective franchise of small English boroughs, II. 492.
Yale College, of a portrait of Franklin for, X. 421.
Yellow Fever in Philadelphia, VII. 41. YORKE, SIR JOSEPH, supposed letter from Paul Jones to, V. 131. His me- morial to the Dutch government on the subject of a proposed treaty with the United States, VIII. 523.
Z, petition of the letter, VI. 304. ZENGER, account of his trial for libel, II. 302. Argument on his case exam- ined, 302.
ZINNER, JOHN CHARLES DE, his Notitia Historica de Coloniis Færderatis in Americâ, noticed, VIII. 303. ZOROASTER, French translation of the writings of, VII. 559.
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