proper mode of acknowledging inde-
pendence, 377. Answers the charge
brought against Franklin, respecting
his conduct in regard to the fisheries,
X. 8. Is appointed Secretary of For-
eign Affairs, 103, 169.

JEANNOT, the actor, mentioned, VIII.
432.

JEBB, JOHN, his plan of a federal un-
ion between the United States and
Great Britain, VIII. 508.
JEFFERSON, THOMAS, is appointed a
commissioner to procure an alliance
with France, but declines, VIII. 190.
Declines the appointment as a com-
missioner for negotiating peace, IX.
82. Is appointed a commissioner to
negotiate treaties of commerce in Eu-
rope, 102. His Notes on Virginia, X.
317.

JEFFRIES, JOHN, his account of an as-
cent in balloon, alluded to, X. 243.
JENYNS, SOAME, anecdote of, VII. 356.
Jews, Comparison of the Conduct of
the ancient, with that of the Anti-
federalists, V. 158.

JOHNSON, SAMUEL, his Noëtica and
Ethica noticed, his character, VI. 125.
Notice of, VII. 47.

JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM, his treaty with
the Six Nations laid before the Assem-
bly of Pennsylvania, III. 471. His
speech to the Six Nations relative to
a cession of land, IV. 341. His death
mentioned, VIII. 131.
JOHNSON, WILLIAM S., his account of
the effect of the Boston non-importa-
tion resolutions, VII. 376. His allu-
sion to the character of Lord Hills-

borough, 378. His account of the
reception in England, of the news
of riots in Boston, 418; and of the
neglect of petitions of the colonies,
439; and of the proceedings of Par-
liament on the revenue act, 466.
JOHNSTONE, Governor, British commis-
sioner, his assertion in regard to Frank-
lin denied, VIII. 302, 443.
JONES, JOHN PAUL, supposed letter
from Sir Joseph Yorke to, V. 131.
Anecdote of, 136. His conduct in
regard to the Countess of Selkirk,
VIII. 273. Command of a ship pro-
posed to, by Franklin, 274. Instruc-
tions to, respecting the command of
a frigate, 275. Expedition proposed
to, by Franklin, 337. Instructions to,
339. Plan for employing, 351. His
activity in destroying British com-
merce, 390. Allusion to his action
with the Serapis, 393, 396. His con-
duct on the British Coast, 399, 402.
His quarrel with Captain Landais,
425. Recommended to the President

Account of his
Leaves the service

of Congress, 465. His quarrel with
Landais, 483, 484.
squadron, IX. 7.
of Russia, X. 419.
JONES, SIR WILLIAM, his intended ne-
gotiation with Franklin, VIII. 365.
His plan of visiting America, 367.
His Fragment of Polybius, given at
length, 543. His appointment as a
judge in Bengal, IX. 500.
Journal of the Negotiation for Peace with
Great Britain, Franklin's, IX. 238.
Judges, on a proposition relating to
the independence of, in the colonies,
V. 22.

Junto, a club established by Franklin,
its members described, 1. 81. Is ex-
tended, 129. Account of the, II. 9.
Proposals and Queries for the consid-
eration of the, 551. Song written by
Franklin for the, VII. 92. Concern-
ing some members of the, 180. Fur-
ther allusion to the. 223. Song writ-
ten for the, by Franklin, 224. Remark
relating to the, 301.

VIII. 69.
KAMES, Lord, his Elements of Criti
cism, alluded to, VI. 263. Notice
of, VII. 187. Concerning the por-
trait of Penn in his possession, 189.
His Principles of Equity mentioned,
197. His Introduction to the Art of
Thinking, 231. His Elements noticed,
241. His views relating to a conso-
lidating union between the colonies
and Great Britain, 334.

KEIMER, THOMAS, I. 35. His eccen-
tricities, 47. Franklin engages in
business with him, 69. Their separa-
tion, 72. His rivalry of Franklin, in
the publication of a newspaper, II.

13.

KEITH, SIR WILLIAM, Governor of
Pennsylvania, advises Franklin to set
up in Philadelphia, I. 38, 45. Frank-
lin, by his advice, visits England, 52.
His wanton deception of Franklin,
55. Enters upon the government of
Pennsylvania, III. 187. His admin-
istration, 188. Dismisses Logan from
the office of Secretary, 189.
ceives orders from England to rein-
state him, 190. His controversy with
Lloyd, Speaker of the Assembly, 191.
Retires from office, 192.
KEMPEL, his automaton chess-player,
X. 23.

King of France. See France.

Re-

King of Great Britain, his power over
naval and military forces throughout
his dominions, IV. 277. Limitations
of his power, 278. Several of his
dominions not subject to Parliament,
280. His rents in North America,
380. He, not the Parliament, the
bond of union between Britain and
the colonies, 408. Petition to, for the
removal of Hutchinson and Oliver,
430. Massachusetts petition to the,
VIII. 22. Presented to, by Lord
Dartmouth, 47. Massachusetts peti-
tion for the removal of the governors
presented to, 100. His reception of
the petition of Congress, X. 433.
KINNERSLEY, EBENEZER, Communi-
cates to Franklin a discovery of the
various kinds of electricity, excited by
rubbing glass and sulphur, V. 177.
His character as a lecturer, 257. No-
tice of his electrical experiments, VI.

256.

KIPPIS, ANDREW, his Life of Captain
Cook cited, I. 456. V. 122.

Kite, Electrical, Franklin's experiment
with the, V. 174 Other similar ex-
periments with the, 295. Quantities
of lightning brought down by that of
M. de Romas, 437.

Knobs, value of, as conductors, com-
pared with points, V. 393. Their in-
feriority, 441.

KOTKOUSKI, Count de, recommended
to Washington, VIII. 220.

L.

Labor, the true measure of value, II.
265. Importance of applying it to
useful purposes, 450. Its utility, X.

99.

Laboring Poor, superiority of the con-
dition of the American, to that of
those of other countries, II. 367.
Labrador, of the Moravian mission in,
VIII 496.

LAFAYETTE, introduced to Franklin by
Dr. Cooper, VIII. 305. His uniting
in an expedition with Paul Jones sug
gested, 337. The expedition defeated,
338. Sword presented to, by Con-
gress, 380. Its reception acknowl-
edged, 381. His return to the United
States, 429. His reception in Paris in
1782, IX. 172. Suggests his desire
of a mission to London, 276 Inter-
est taken by him in the commercial
relations between France and the Uni-
ted States, X. 46. His services to the
United States in Europe, 102. His
reception in America in 1784, 135.
His account of a tour in Germany,
247.

LANDAIS, Captain, his misconduct dur-
ing the action with the Serapis, and
proceedings in consequence, VIII.
397. His quarrel with Commodore
Jones, 425, 483, 484. His mutinous
conduct and insanity, 485.
LANDRIANI, Professor, his work on the
utility of electrical conductors, no-
ticed, V. 482.

Languages, learned, inexpediency of
instructing children generally in the,
11. 159. Extent to which they should
be pursued, VII. 46. Defects of the
usual method of teaching, X. 91.
LA ROCHE, Abbé de, Poem on Hap-
piness addressed to, II. 220.
LATHROP, JOHN, X. 347.
LATOUCHE, Captain, his services as
commander of a frigate in America,
VIII. 456.

LAUD, Archbishop, inefficacy of his
attempts to prevent the emigration
of the Puritans, IV. 462.
LAURENS, HENRY, application of Frank-
lin to Sir Grey Cooper respecting,
VIII. 514. His treatment as a prison-
er in the Tower, 517, 522. His mis-
sion, 527. His merit, IX. 31. Is ap-
pointed a commissioner for negotiating
peace, 82. Of the exchange of Bur-
goyne for, 84. Provision for his re-
lief in the Tower, 105, 115. Mr.
Burke's opinion of him, 170.
commends Mr. Oswald to Dr. Frank-
lin, 241. His conversation with Mr.
Adams respecting the views of the
British ministers and the basis of
peace, 256. Of the exchange of Lord
Cornwallis for, 263, 292, 319. Declines
acting as a commissioner for negotiat-
ing peace, 287.

Re-

LAURENS, JOHN, suggests the appoint-
inent of a Secretary of Legation in
France, IX. 43.

LAVOISIER, his experiments respecting
heat, IX. 228, 235. His Nomenclature
Chimique, X 362.

Lead, danger of using, in distilleries,
VI. 279. Its effects on the human
constitution, 564.

Leather, suggestion of the expediency
of using a globe of, for electrical ex-
periments, when travelling, V. 2-2.
Lecture on the Providence of God in the
Government of the World, II. 525.
LEE, ARTHUR, his account of Frank-
lin's demeanor before the Privy Coun
cil, IV. 452. His hostility to Frank
lin shown by portions of his corre-
spondence, VIII. 57. Is appointed a
commissioner of the United States to
procure an alliance with France, 190.
His reception in Spain, 205. His
conduct in regard to the commission.

ers' accounts, 256. His complaint, that
he was not informed of Gérard's mis-
sion, 257. Reason of its concealment
from him, 260. His demand, that no
order should be drawn on the Amer-
ican banker but by the commissioners
jointly, 272. Of advances made to,
by the commissioners, 310. Difficul
ties created by, respecting supplies
for Virginia, 321. Evidence of his
hostility to Franklin, 444 Encour
ages Landais to resist the authority of
Jones, 485.

LEE, CHARLES, General, VIII. 169.
LEE, WILLIAM, his complaint against
Franklin, VIII 358.

Left Hand, petition of the, II. 184.
Leg, The Handsome and Deformed, II.
185.

Legal Tender, inconvenience in the
colonies of rendering paper money a,
and remedy attempted by Parliament,
II. 353.

Legislature, members of the, how to be
chosen, under the plan of union, III.
40. Inexpediency of dividing the,
into two branches, V. 165.
LEMAIRE, Captain, his difficulty in pro-
curing supplies for Virginia in Europe,
VIII. 321.

LENTMANN, J. G., his description of a
stove, VI. 544.

LE ROY, DAVID, VI. 463.

Letter concerning the Gratitude of Amer-
ica, and the Probability and Effects
of a Union with Great Britain; and
Concerning the Repeal or Suspension
of the Stamp Act, IV. 156.
Letter from China, II. 241.
LETTSOM, JOHN COAKLEY, VI. 307. His
Memoirs of Dr. Fothergill, X. 267.
Levee, The, 11. 164.

Lexington, battle of, VIII. 153.
Leyden Bottle, observations on, with ex-
periments proving the different state
of its electrical surfaces, V. 189. Man-
ner in which those states are com-
bined and balanced, 191. Experi-
ments with the, 192.

Further experi-
ments, 196. Its power of giving a
shock in the glass, 201. Error of
Nollet's statements in regard to the,
326. Retains its electricity, 381. Se-
lection of glass for the, 453. M. Vol-
ta's experiment, the same as that of
the, 476.

Libel, punishment of, among the Ro-
mans, II. 286. Policy of British kings
in regard to, 287. Growing severity
of English laws against, till the time
of Charles the First, 288. Sketch of
the history of English law in relation
to, 296. Principle of the civil law in
regard to, 301.

Liberty, its spirit beginning to prevail
in Europe, X. 321.

Life, Essay on the Waste of, II. 77.
Light, suggestions respecting the phe-
nomena of, V. 285. Reasons for be-
lieving that it is distinct from matter,
VI. 115. Remark on Colden's theory
of, 122.

Ex-

Lightning, its identity with electricity,
V. 174. Most dangerous position dur-
ing, 220. Vapors most easily kindled
by. 221. Its effects in melting and
rending bodies explained, 224. Sug-
gestion of the utility of points in pre-
serving from, 236. Similarity between
its effects and those of electricity, 237.
Its power of fusing metals, 238. Ad-
ditional experiments in reference to,
253. Its effect in producing the mag-
netic virtue, 263. Explanation of the
cause of its crooked direction, 263.
Its remarkable velocity, 267.
plained, 268. Dutch Church at New
York struck by, 277. M. Dalibard's
experiment, showing its identity with
electricity, 288. That of M. de Lor,
294. Mr. Canton's experiment, 297.
Mr. Wilson's, 298. Commonly strikes
from the earth into the clouds, 305.
Direction of, and utility of rods for
conducting it, 311. Particulars in
which the electric fluid agrees with,
350. Leaves wood to pass through
metal, 358. Produces heat in itself
and other bodies by rapid motion,
374. Its effect on Mr. Raven's rod in
Charleston, 395. And on Mr. Maine's,
396. Probability that a loud explo
sion accompanies every flash of, 402.
Method of securing a powder maga
zine against, 407. Various qualities
of, 414. Best position for security
from, 418. Quick putrefaction of an-
imals killed by, 457. Attempt to ex-
plain its effect on a church in Cremo-
na, 467. On the mode of securing
houses against, VI. 241. Effect of,
377. Cause of explosions by, VII.

237.

LINCOLN, BENJAMIN, Secretary of War,
asks information of Franklin on mili-
tary subjects, IX. 413.
LINEUS, his mode of preserving ship.
timber from insects, VI. 223.
Linseed Oil, of the manufacture of, in
the colonies, VI. 79.

LISTER, his view of the causes of earth-
quakes, VI. 2

LITH, his obtrusive application to
Franklin answered, VIII. 209
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., is appointed
Secretary of Foreign Affairs, IX 5.
Vindicates the claim to the fisheries,
135. Urges the necessity of further

103. Mode of its preparation for
food, 104.
MALESHERBES, his occupations in re-
tirement, VIII. 431.

MALLEBOIS, Count de, his memorial
mentioned, respecting the employ.
ment of a foreign corps in the United
States, VIII. 391.

Manners, their influence upon popula-
tion, II. 322. Causes which obstruct
that influence, 323. Effect of com-
merce upon, 329.

MANSFIELD, Lord, his opinion of the
pretended Edict of the King of Prus-
sia, VIII. 90.

MANTE, THOMAS, mentioned, his His-
tory of the late War in North Ameri-
ca, and the Islands of the West In-
dies, VIII. 199.
Manufactures, remarks on, II. 366.
Importance of household, 390. Char-
acter of those of America, 474. Prob-
able effect of the growth of the colo-
nies on the consumption of British, IV.
25. Their consumption not likely to
be prevented by remoteness from the
sea, 28. How to be paid for by the
colonists, 30. Impossible to establish
them in places not populous, 31. Rea-
sons of this, 32. Difficulty of extirpa-
ting them, where they exist, 33. Of
the resources of the colonists for es-
tablishing, 175. Desire in England
to prohibit them in the colonies, V.
17. Extent to which they may be
carried in the colonies, VII. 337; to
which they are carried, 393. Their
progress in Massachusetts, 449. In
Ireland, X. 161.
Manufacturing Establishments, un-
wholesomeness of, VI. 402. Their
pernicious influence upon the purity
of the air, X. 274.

MARBOIS, BARBÉ, VIII 432. His com-
mendation of the patriotic efforts of
Mrs. Bache, 528. Account of his in-
tercepted letter, IX. 463, 533. Con-
gratulates Franklin on his return to
the United States, X. 225.
Mariner's Compass, its antiquity, IX. 29.
MARIE ANTOINETTE, VII. 360.
Maritime Affairs, trouble occasioned by,
to Franklin, VIII. 459.
MARKHAM, WILLIAM, becomes acting
governor of Pennsylvania, III. 144.
Marly, account of an electrical experi-
ment at, V. 288.

Marriages more frequent in America
than in Europe, II. 313. Remarks on
early, VII. 413. General remarks on,
IX. 478.

MARTER, Professor, letters of introduc
tion requested of Franklin for, by the
Austrian ambassador, IX. 517.

MARY, Queen, act of, respecting libel,
II. 258.

Maryland, evils of the proprietary gov-
ernment of, IV. 79. Of the charge
that she refused her quota towards the
common defence, 177.

MASERES, FRANCIS, proposes the res
toration of the confiscated estates to
the loyalists, X. 188.
MASKELYNE, NEVIL, ascertains the lat-
eral attraction of mountains, VI. 372.
His remarks on Churchman's theory
of the variation of the needle, 571.
Massacre of the Conestogo Indians,
narrative of the late, IV. 54.
Massachusetts, newspapers in, I. 23.
Proceedings of the Assembly of,
against the publisher of the New Eng
land Courant, 24. Liberty of con-
science in, IV. 88. Of the abolition of
the paper currency in, 178. Resolves
of the House of Representatives of,
relative to Hutchinson's letters, 426.
Their address to the King on the
same subject, 430. Resolve respect-
ing the right to grant the money of
the Province, 4699. Resolve for the
convention of a Congress, 471. Pro-
ceedings of the Assembly of, on the
repeal of the Stamp Act, 475; and
in reference to the revenue act of
1767, 476. Their views relative to
the power of Parliament, 477. De-
mand of the King for the rescinding
of the resolve respecting a Congress,
479. Vindication, by the House of
Representatives, of their conduct in
this respect, 480. Meeting of a con-
vention of deputies from the towns
of, 485. Their petitions to the King,
485. Reply of the Assembly of, to
Governor Hutchinson's challenge to
a controversy on the power of Parlia
ment, 495. Address of the Assembly
of, to the Earl of Dartmouth, 496.
Their petition to the King in 1772,
499; and in 1773, 500. Proceedings
of the Council of, relative to the appli
cation for protection of the consignees
of the tea, 507. Unsuccessful appli-
cation of the House of Representatives
to the King for the removal of the
Chief Justice, 512. Petition of the
agents of, for the appointment of a
commissioner to the colonies to bring
about a permanent union, V. 62. On
the progress of manufactures in, VII.
449 Franklin appointed agent for,
489. Her political relations with
Great Britain, 490. Attempt to vio-
late her chartered rights opposed by
Franklin, 494. Hostility in England
towards, 502. Her petition to the
King presented by Franklin to Lord