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object, however, has been to give as much information as possible in a small compass, to notice whatever was important, and admit nothing which might be thought superfluous. I ought to add, that I have sometimes admitted terms not strictly philosophical, such as above and below, for north and south, with a view of making this treatise more familiar to beginners.

The Second Part, which contains a short view of Antient Geography, has been unattempted in this manner, as far as I know, by any one but myself. I have endeavoured to make a dry catalogue of names interesting and useful, by the application of history, chronology, and poetry; and I have selected those passages which occurred to my recollection from the books most generally read at schools of eminence and in colleges, for reasons sufficiently obvious to every teacher. To say nothing of the difficulty of printing Greek at a provincial press *, which I have found on repeated trials to be insuperably great †, Latin, on other accounts, and especially Latin poetry, appeared to me preferable for quotation, as it is more easily committed to the memory, and more easily retained. I have, therefore, endeavoured to quote as many passages as might illustrate the subject,

* The first edition of this book was printed at Shrewsbury. + See the Note to my Installation Sermon, p. 129.

without overloading the memory of the student; and have now and then attempted to elucidate an obscure or disputed passage. I have also added the modern names of antient places, which I have caused to be printed in italics, to prevent obscurity or mistake.

It may be said that I have not always given the most apposite quotation which might have been chosen; to which I must beg leave to answer, that I was contented to take the first which presented itself to my mind, and that, in the multiplicity of my engagements, I may reasonably be excused from more minute research. This little work was only thought of in September last; and though haste is no excuse for negligence, real and incessant occupation may plead for an occasional or trifling inaccuracy. I should hope few errors of moment will be found in the following pages. I have myself been cautious to examine the historical facts in the original authors, and to ascertain the chronological dates by reference to the best accessible authorities. And I have added two copious and separate indexes to each part;-the nature and utility of which are so obvious, that it is unnecessary for me to add any thing on the subject. For the ground-work of the first part I chose the maps and text of PINKERTON; for that of the second part those of D'ANVILLE, that Sun of

Geography, whose piercing rays illuminate the most obscure and remote regions of the antient world. I have found the first ten maps in the well-known collection of D'Anville's maps, edited in London, and generally used in colleges and the upper classes of schools, very clearly and correctly printed. The eleventh and twelfth, containing Greece above and below the Isthmus, are not the maps of D'Anville, but of De Lisle, and are very greatly inferior in point of correctness and execution. In fact, they might well be spared. I have consulted also a very neat, and, as far as I have examined it, a very correct set of maps and charts, entitled "Atlas Classica," published by Wilkinson, 58, Cornhill. The intelligent master will easily see that various other maps or books of travels are referred to or consulted in every part of this little work.

Next to the two geographers already mentioned, I ought to enumerate Dr. HENRY, whose History of England forms the ground-work of my chapter on Antient Britain. The topographical description of Athens I have principally taken from the Abbé Barthelemy, Travels of Anacharsis, vol. 2. Those of Rome, Syracuse, Jerusalem, and other cities which I have incidentally mentioned, have been drawn up by myself, on the basis of the best plan I could find, corrected or confirmed by the testimony of the most authentic travellers. I

have occasionally borrowed sentences, perhaps a whole paragraph, in substance though not in words, from other writers of authority, whom I need not enumerate, as no fair critic will charge me with plagiarism in a work of this nature. In short, I have taken for the foundation of this little book, the works of those writers who are considered as of the best authority; I have now and then adopted their words, but generally have selected from them such facts as seemed to me most useful, have clothed them in my own language, and mingled them with my own observations. In this way I have endeavoured to make a book useful for the upper forms of good classical schools, and perhaps for undergraduates at colleges; I pretend to nothing more, and seek no higher praise.

It only remains to say a word or two on the manner of teaching it. I have been careful to have the text printed in types of two different sizes. That which is printed in the type of the larger size, is designed to be learnt by beginners; that which is printed in the smaller, by boys who are more advanced. The book is too large to be learnt even in this way at once, though I have endeavoured to make it as short as possible. Different teachers will select such chapters as appear to them most important; my own intention is to make the chapters on Greece,

Italy, Asia Minor, and Britain, subjects of constant attention, and to go through the whole of the rest in the course of three years, so that a boy in the fifth form may reasonably expect to have learnt the whole before he goes to college. In my own school the maps of D'Anville and Pinkerton will be used, and the scholar will point to the places he gives an account of, in a blank outline drawn from them; but any maps, of course, will answer the purpose, provided they are correct. The expence and delay, as well as the impossibility of giving a sufficient detail in maps adapted to a book of this size, determined me not to think of accompanying it with engravings of my own. In fact, no maps of the countries I have described can be good which do not closely follow those of D'Anville.

With a view to render this little publication more generally useful, I have prefixed a few of the most remarkable events in the Sacred, Grecian, and Roman History, copied from Dr. Blair's Chronology. They are for the most part the same with those prefixed to Dr. Lempriere's universally known and esteemed work, the "Classical Dictionary," but with many omissions, as I conceived it essential to avoid increasing the size of my book, and wished principally to call the attention of the learner to the more remarkable events in their synchronisms. I have in one