granddaughter of the emperor, whose well-known sensibility in all matters affecting the honour of his family rendered him unable to tolerate the presence of a man who had been an eye-witness to the infamy of one of its members. The following are the most important passages which bear upon this topic : Trist. 2. 541, addressed to Augustus, ‘Carminaque edideram, cum te delicta notantem Ergo, quae iuveni mihi non nocitura putavi Distat et a meriti tempore poena sui.' E. ex P. 2. 15, addressed to Macer, 'Naso parum prudens, artem dum tradit amandi, E. ex P. 4. 13, 41, addressed to Carus, 'Carmina nil prosunt; nocuerunt carmina quondam: Primaque tam miserae causa fuere fugae.' See also Trist. 2. 211, 239, 345, in all of which the Ars Amatoria is represented as the source of his misfortune. But in the following from E. ex P. 3. 3, 37, another and more serious offence is indicated. The poet is addressing Amor, in a vision, 'Nec satis id fuerat, stultus quoque carmina feci, Pro quibus exilium misero mihi reddita merces, To which Amor replies 'Per mea tela faces, et per mea tela sagittas, Vtque hoc, sic utinam defendere cetera posses! b Quidquid id est (neque enim debet dolor ille referri) Tu licet erroris sub imagine crimen obumbres; Non gravior merito vindicis ira fuit.' Again in E. ex P. 2. 9, 73, addressed to the Thracian prince, Cotys, 'Neve roges quid sit; stultam conscripsimus Artem; Ecquid praeterea peccarim, quaerere noli, Vt lateat sola culpa sub Arte mea. Quidquid id est, habui moderatam vindicis iram: and in Trist. 2. 207 'Perdiderint cum me duo crimina, carmen et error, Nam non sum tanti ut renovem tua vulnera, Caesar, Altera pars superest; qua turpi crimine tactus upon which he proceeds to argue that the nature and tendency of his poem were perfectly harmless. The quotations below declare the crime to have consisted in witnessing some hidden deed; thus Trist. 2. 103 'Cur aliquid vidi? cur noxia lumina feci? and Trist 3. 5, 49 'Inscia quod crimen viderunt lumina, plector: Compare also Trist. 3. 1, 49; 6, 25, to the same effect. Finally, in E. ex P. 1. 6, 21, addressed to Graecinus, he speaks of his offence as a secret which it would be dangerous to disclose. 'Nec leve, nec tutum, peccati quae sit origo, Quidquid id est, ut non facinus, sic culpa, vocandum, and yet, notwithstanding all this affectation of mystery, he tells us in Trist. 4. 10, 99 'Causa meae cunctis nimium quoque nota ruinae Indicio non est testificanda meo.' Ninety-six poems in Elegiac verse serve as a sad chronicle of the sufferings he endured during his journey, and while in exile. They exhibit a melancholy picture of the mental prostration of the gay, witty, voluptuous Roman, suddenly snatched from the midst of the most polished society of the age, from the exciting pleasures of the capital of the world, from the charms of a delicious climate, and abandoned to his own resources among a horde of rude soldier peasants, in a remote half-civilized frontier garrison, beneath a Scythian sky. Notwithstanding the exertions of many and powerful friends; notwithstanding the expostulations, entreaties, prayers, and servile abasement of the unfortunate victim, Augustus and his successor Tiberius remained alike inexorable, and Ovid died of a broken heart in the sixtieth year of his age, and in the tenth of his banishment. II. P. OVIDII NASONIS VITA EX CODICE VETVSTO. P. Ovidius Naso a. d. XII. Kal. April. Sulmone in Pelignis natus est; quo anno bello Mutinensi P. Hirtius et C. Pansa Coss. diem obiere. Honoribus Romae functus: fuit enim arbiter et triumvir, et iudicium inter centum viros dixit. Sub Plotio Grippo literis eruditus: deinde apud Marcellum Fuscum Rhetorem, cuius auditor fuit, optime declamavit. Admirator plurimum Porcii Latronis fuit, quem adeo studiose audivit, ut multas eius sententias in versus suos transtulerit. Bonus declamator et ingeniosus habitus est, et carmine et prosa licenter scripsit, ingenii sui adeo amator, ut ex iis quae dixit, etiam precantibus amicis, nihil mutaverit. In carminibus vitia sua non ignoravit, sed amavit. Militavit sub M. Varrone. Iulio Graecino Grammatico familiaris. Tandem cum venisset in suspicionem Augusti, creditus sub nomine Corinnae amasse Iuliam, in exsilium missus est; exsulavit Tomis, ibique decessit annum agens LX. novissimum. III. WORKS OF OVID. The following list contains all the works usually attributed to Ovid now extant, arranged in the order in which they were composed, in so far as this can be ascertained. Doubts have been entertained with regard to the three last of the series, numbered IX, X, XI, but they are generally received as authentic: I. Heroides. A collection of twenty-one letters in Elegiac verse, feigned to have been written by ladies or chiefs in the Heroic age to the absent objects of their love. Doubts have been entertained by some critics, but without good reason, of the genuineness of the last six of these; others confine their suspicions to the seventeenth, nineteenth, and twenty-first; while a third party object to the fifteenth alone. The pieces rejected are attributed to Aulus Sabinus, a contemporary poet, the author of several epistles in answer to those composed by Ovid, three of which have been preserved, and are frequently appended to complete editions of the works of the latter. We find an allusion to both in Amor. 2. 18, 19 'Quod licet, aut Artes teneri profitemur Amoris, |