did. I was near when the horse fell down the precipice; not a soul waited, except myself, to inquire whether the rider had saved himself. The only answer I could get from those who I supposed might have seen it, was, * τι με κοφτει εμενα? τι ίζευρω syw? What do I care? what do I know? yet these people went to save their souls by bathing in a river. This is, indeed, faith without good works. (P. 233.) From Jerusalem Mr. T. proceeded to Jaffa, of which place the Aga had lately assisted Lady E. S. (Esther Stanhope) in making excavations among the ruins of Ascalon, where considerable remains of an ancient temple were discovered; but the Turk, disappointed at not.finding a treasure, ordered the columns and other fragments to be again covered with earth-perhaps the barbarian has, by this order, been unconsciously the means of preserving some precious monuments of antiquity, which at a future time may be brought to light under more auspicious circumstances. Our traveller having sailed from Jaffa, landed at Damietta in Egypt, on the 21st of May. We cannot trace him very closely through Alexandria, which, however interesting from its ancient remains, he would assign, with Volney, to the deserts of Africa, as it exhibits nothing of Egyptian fertility. (P. 324.) Having visited Aboukir and Rosetta, he embarked in a boat on the Nile, and mentions his surprise at the shallowness of this celebrated river before the time of its rise; for having swam or rather walked across it, near the village of Zoayerah (July 5th), he found that where deepest, near the banks, it seldom exceeded ten feet; in the middle not above four, and in most places not above two feet. (P. 351.) The streets of Cairo, which contains three hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, are nowhere above ten feet wide, and several no more than four-rendered dark by the roofs and windows of the opposite sides, projecting so as to touch each other in some instances. Yet in these narrow streets it is the universal custom to ride on asses. Mr. T. visited the slave market, often filled with blacks (for white slaves are not sold at Cairo), but now empty, for the plague within the last four months had destroyed eleven thousand, and the caravans had not yet arrived with fresh supplies. (P. 366.) Having examined the Pyramids, the Sphynx, the Nilometer, and other curiosities, Mr. T. made preparations for an excursion to the Red Sea and Mount Sinai. He crossed the desert from Cairo to Suez, which he represents as a most miserable place: here he bathed in an arm of the Red Sea, which did not any where seem very deep; for he could always find the bottom by letting himself drop with a little exertion; but the coral plants at the bottom cut his feet. On the

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northern coast he remarked a great abundance of shells, and adds

In

Three or four Arab women were bathing naked in the sea, whose idea of modesty amused me extremely, as it prompted them to run out of the water to hide their faces, which Mahometan women are strictly enjoined to hide from men, and a fortiori from Christians. I have more than once been diverted by the same female precaution on the Nile. fact, the reserve of the Arab women proceeds not from principle, but from fear. One of them at Cairo, who came to wash for Mrs. Belzoni, immediately on entering the house, stripped herself naked: but when the Arab water-bearer knocked at the door, huddled on her clothes in a fright: she drank wine in the house freely.'

Mr. T. was hospitably received by the monks of the convent on Mount Sinai:-he visited Mount Horeb, and the Stone from which Moses caused water to flow. In the convent of Sinai another English traveller, Mr. Bankes, discovered a library of two thousand volumes, three-fourths of which were MSS., and of these, nine-tenths Greek. The greater part were theological, but some few interesting. Mr. B. brought away a thick MS. containing Hephæstion on the Greek metres; an oration of Isocrates; the Letters of Phalaris (a subject of much controversy some years ago). Another MS. comprising the three first books of the Iliad and part of the fourth; two Tragedies of Eschylus, and much Greek poetry; another containing the Medea of Euripides, and the beginning of his Hippolytus; also the work of Cedrenus, a Byzantine historian; all the Physics of Aristotle, &c. From Suez our author returned to Cairo; thence to Alexandria, where he embarked in a Venetian vessel, and again (Oct. 3d) landed at Larnaca in the island of Cyprus. Here he visited the ruins of Paphos, now called Baffo, with the village of Ieros Kypos or The sacred Garden,' where, it is said, were situated the gardens of Venus, the Paphian divinity. The whole neighbourhood of Baffo and of leros Kypos is full of large masses of rock, hewn into caves and chambers, all, probably, communicating subterraneously one with another, but now nearly choked up, and almost impenetrable. Mr. T. gives a most unfavorable account of the Greek priests, who in Cyprus enjoy great power.

They strip the poor ignorant superstitious peasant of his last para, and when he is on his death-bed make him leave his all to their con vent, promising that masses shall be said for his soul.-Madame Dupont (the mother of my companion) tells me that she once paid a visit to a Greek widow of a peasant, who was dying, and asked her if she had made her will to dispose of what she had in the world. I have only that,' replied the woman, pointing to a handsome Venetian looking-glass hanging up in the room, and that I have left to my father confessor to ray for my soul. But your two children?' replied Madame D. 'Oh!' id the superstitious dupe,' he says Heaven will take care of them!?

On Nov. 8th Mr. T. embarked at Larnaca in a large polacca, having a Turkish captain and a crew all Greeks ;-here we close his 2nd vol. The third begins with an account of his voyage to Rhodes; near which he examined some ancient foundations of houses, two cisterns and three wells, apparently Hellenic; in one of the wells a great treasure is supposed to be concealed— the ruins, he thinks, may perhaps mark the site of 'Hάλσσos (Lalissos) so named from its founder. (P. 5.) On the site of the celebrated Colossus our author offers some ingenious conjectures: he notices the four different opinions of the most learned persons in Rhodes, and is inclined to adopt that which places it at the extremity of a port called Mandraici, where is a small causeway, and a pool of water. The distance which this causeway crosses is just sixty feet, and this seems reconcileable with the space which the Colossus may have covered between its legs. In the island of Symi all domestic affairs are managed by the women; they are the porters, bakers, butchers, shopkeepers, &c. An old woman of sixty carried Mr. T.'s trunk, which weighed forty pounds, up a steep hill of a mile in length, and only demanded three paras (or less than a penny) for her trouble. When he offered her a few additional paras she would scarcely take them, saying it was a shame (Tporn sivas). P. 22. On this island he visited a ruin called the "Trophy of the Athenians;" but which (as he mentions in a note) was raised by the Peloponnesians in the twentieth year of their war with the Athenians, according to Thucydides (viii. 42). It is a circular structure, of which the foundation remains about six feet from the ground. Among the broken walls, half arches, columns, and other fragments that constitute the ruins of Cnidus, Mr. T. thought he could recognise the Temple of Venus, probably about two hundred feet long-remains of a fine theatrea quadrangular building fifty feet square, perhaps a tower of the ancient city-various foundations, columns, capitals, and other parts of edifices. The site of Cnidus is now called plavov (Phrianon) by the Greeks. On the island of Cos our author examined a delicious spring, entitled the "Waters of Hippocrates," rising in a cave, hollowed apparently by art, in the ascent of a mountain, the entrance being on level ground, leading to the waters by a passage of two hundred feet. The edifice which incloses the spring is, in Mr. T.'s opinion, undoubtedly an Hellenic antiquity. (P. 46.) Near Boudroun he visited the ruins of Halicarnassus; parts of a temple of a theatre, some towers, and the city walls. In the castle of Boudroun Mr. Bankes, who penetrated farther than our Traveller, found some

bas-reliefs of such exquisite workmanship, that he supposed them to have formed part of the ornaments of the Mausoleum that once adorned Halicarnassus. (P. 59.) Some beautiful remains of antiquity are visible among the ruins of Mylasa, the present Melasso;-a fine Greek tomb, in excellent preservation; -a columu with the following inscription:

ΟΔΗΜΟΣΜΕΝΑΝΔΡΟΝΟΥΛΙΑΔΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΕΥΘΗΔΗ ΜΟΥ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΗΝΤΗΣ ΠΑΤΡΙΔΟΣ ΚΑΙ

ΕΞΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΩΝ ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ

The people (honor) Menander, the son of Ouliades, the son of Euthedemus, benefactor of his country and sprung from benefactors.' (P. 69.) There were also a large gate with Ionic ornaments, and remains of a Roman aqueduct.-Yassus afforded some antiquities; and near Miletus, at Branchydæ, Mr. T. found gigantic columns, remnants of architraves, and other parts of the temple once consecrated to Apollo Didymæus. Here he copied some interesting Greek inscriptions, which our limits. will not allow us to transcribe. At Miletus he bathed in the river Mæander; then proceeded to Patmos, where he was lodged in the Monastery of St. John the Evangelist (TO EOλóyou). Saw the grotto of the Apocalypse; then sailed on to Samos: here some walls yet serve to indicate the old Hellenic city of which Sir W. Gell ascertained the extent, and by digging among the ruins found several curious remains of antiquity. At the place now called Ayislouk, some vestiges of Ephesus may be traced; but even the site of Diana's celebrated temple is a subject of doubt.

'The Turks of the village,' says Mr. T., came to smoke together in the coffee-house, and boasted to me of the past magnificence of Ayislouk, which, they said, once contained three hundred and sixty mosques. The number of mosques is probably exaggerated: Greeks, Romans, Christians and Turks! what a succession of inhabitants has this spot received!' (P. 134.)

From Ephesus our author proceeded to Smyrna, and thence to Magnesia, Brusa, situated at the northern extremity of Mount Olympus, Ghebizeh, and Constantinople. This capital, however, he again quitted Oct. 28th (1816), revisited Brusa, ascended Mount Olympus, on which he found a cray of marble with a petrified fish in it: the fish was three hands long and three fingers broad, and its gills were plainly distinguishable.' (P. 185). He offers some ingenious observations respecting the river Granicus, and seems inclined to believe that it is represented by a stream now called the Djol Su, although he acknow

ledges that the Karaka Su, generally considered as the Granicus, affords a good situation for a battle. (P. 207.)

From Aauvaxe, the ancient Lampsacus, he went on to the Dardanelles, and reached the plain of Troy on the 10th of November. Next day, with his companions, he examined the tombs of Achilles and Patroclus:

'We had all of us,' says he, 'a great curiosity to consider on the spot, the correctness or error of the new topography of Troy, laid down in the Quarterly Review, on the article of Clarke's Travels (No. ix.), and for that purpose I had copied at Constantinople all that related to this subject. I should begin with observing on two errors of some importance which have crept into the Review. The first is their idea that Mender, Mindar, Scamander and Mæander, were, in the ancient language of Asia Minor, derived from some generic name for a river, &c. Mender, the first of these, is simply a Turkish word, meaning a mixing of waters, and is illustrative of the universal deluge of the plain which takes place on the melting of the snow, that pours in torrents from Ida. Another error is concerning the Beyan Mezaley, which they suppose to be the name of a particular hill observed by Dr. Clarke. The word is Veeran Mezaley, a deserted burying-ground (Veeran, deserted, and Mezaley, a burying-ground), and is so far from being a distinguishing name, that there are no less than five of them, all called thus, in the immediate neighbourhood of New Ilium.' (P. 222.)

Through twenty very interesting pages, Mr. Turner traces the subject of Troy, which has within the last thirty years excited so much doubt and controversy; but our limits will not allow us to dwell longer on this portion of his work, which we particularly recommend to classical and antiquarian readers. As in the course of his two former volumes, we are obliged on the present occasion, to pass over without notice or indication, a great variety of curious remarks and much useful information.We shall briefly state, that having visited Alexandria Troas, and Bergamo, (the ancient Pergamus,) he proceeded to Smyrna and Trieste; and thence by way of Venice, Milan and Paris, to England. The "Addenda," which occupy a considerable space in the third volume, comprehend many entertaining anecdotes, illustrating the manners, customs and superstitions of the Turks, Persians, Arabs, and Greeks. These volumes are embellished with several neat etchings and wood cuts; besides excellent maps, by Mr. Walker, and some colored plates, among which the views of Zante and Smyrna are particularly beautiful.