Dr. Martin, Dr. Brooks, of Gloucester, the Pope's Subdelegate b, with Doctor Martin Dr. Story,' and Doctor Story, Commissioners in the King and Queen's Commis- behalf, for the execution of the same. sioners Archbi shop. against the At the coming down of the foresaid Commissioners, (which was upon Thursday, the 12th of September, anno 1555,) in the Church of St. Mary, and in the east end of the said Church, at the high altar, was erected a solemn scaffold for Bishop Brooks aforesaid, representing the Pope's person, The order ten foot high. The seat was made that he might sit under of setting the sacrament of the altar. And on the right hand of the and placing Pope's Delegate, beneath him, sat Doctor Martin; and on the left hand sat Doctor Story, the King and Queen's Commissioners, which were both Doctors of the Civil Law; and underneath them other doctors, scribes, and pharisees also, with the Pope's Collector, and a rabblement of such other like. the Com missioners. Commissioners. And thus these bishops being placed in their pontificalibus, the Bishop of Canterbury was sent for to come before them. He having intelligence of them that were there, The apthus ordered himself. He came forth of the prison to the pearing of the Arch- Church of Saint Mary, set forth with bills and glaives, for bishop of fear he should start away; being clothed in a fair black Canterbury before the gown, with his hood on both shoulders, such as Doctors of Divinity in the University use to wear. Who, after he was come into the Church, and did see them sit in their pontificalibus, he did not put off his cap to any of them, but stood still till that he was called. And anon one of the Proctors for the Pope, or else his Doctor, called, ‘Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury, appear here, and make an'swer to that shall be laid to thy charge; that is to say, for blasphemy, incontinency, and heresy; and make answer here to the Bishop of Gloucester, representing the Pope's person.' 6 Upon this, he being brought more near unto the scaffold, where the foresaid Bishop sat, he first well viewed the place b [The Delegate, or, as he is styled in the official document, “Judex ac Commissarius a sanctissimo domino nostro Papa specialiter depu"tatus," was the Cardinal de Puteo. Processus contra Cranm. p. 1069.] bishop verence to the Queen's Commis sioners. eth no re of judgment, and spying where the King and Queen's Ma- The Archjesties' Proctors were, putting off his cap, he first, humbly giveth rebowing his knee to the ground, made reverence to the one, and after to the other. That done, beholding the Bishop in the face, he put on Dr. Cranhis bonnet again, making no manner of token of obedience mer showtowards him at all. Whereat the Bishop, being offended, verence to said unto him, that it might beseem him right well, weigh- the Pope's Delegate. ing the authority he did represent, to do his duty unto him. Whereunto Doctor Cranmer answered and said, that he had once taken a solemn oath never to consent to the admitting of the Bishop of Rome's authority into this realm of England again; and that he had done it advisedly, and meant by God's grace to keep it; and therefore would commit nothing, either by sign or token, which might argue his consent to the receiving of the same; and so he desired the said Bishop to judge of him, and that he did it not for any contempt to his person, which he could have been content to have honoured as well as any of the other, if his commission had come from as good an authority as theirs. This answered he both modestly, wisely, and patiently, with his cap on his head, not once bowing or making any reverence to him that represented the Pope's person; which was wondrously of the people marked that was there present, and saw it, and marked it as nigh as could be possible. [Here follow in Foxe two Speeches, one by Brokes, the other by Martyn. Brokes, after stating to the Archbishop that they came neither to judge, nor to dispute, but to examine him in certain matters, and to make relation thereof unto him that had power to judge, exhorted him at great length to repent of his errors, and return to the bosom of the catholic Church. Martyn informed him, that the Pope, on the petition of the King and Queen, had ordered process to be made against him; that Brokes sat as high Commissioner from his Holiness, and that he (Martyn) and Story appeared as attorneys for their Majesties.] b Wherefore [he proceeded, addressing Brokes] here I offer to your good lordship our proxy c, sealed with the broad seal of England, and offer myself to be Proctor in the King's Majesty's behalf. I exhibit here also certain articles, containing the manifest adultery and perjury: also books of heresy, made partly by him, partly set forth by his authority. And here I produce him, as party principal, to answer to your good lordship. Thus when Doctor Martin had ended his oration, the Archbishop beginneth, as here followeth. Cran. Shall I then make my answer? Mart. As you think good; no man shall let you. b [Subjoined is the official report of this Examination, extracted, with the exception of a few omissions, from the Processus contra Cranmerum, added by Mr. Todd to the Oxford reprint of Strype's Cranmer from a manuscript at Lambeth.] "Adveniente vero dicto die Jovis, xij°. viz. die prædicti mensis Sep"tembris annoque Domini indictione et pontificatu prædictis, Coram "nobis præfato Jacobo Glocestren' Episcopo ac Judice subdelegato "sive Commissario supranominato, in ecclesia parochiali divæ Virginis "Mariæ superius specificat' loco in hac parte assignat' et deputat' ju"dicialiter et pro tribunali seden', in prænominati magistri Johannis "Clerk Notarii publici et Scribæ nostri prædicti præsentia, præfatus "venerabilis vir magister Thomas Martyn exsuperhabundanti exhibuit "procuratorium suum prædictum pro illustrissimis Rege et Regina præ"dictis et se partem fecit pro eisdem, ac eorum nomine procuratorio "mandatum nostrum citatorium contra dictum dominum Thomam "Cranmerum realiter exhibuit; et contra præfatum dominum "Thomam Cranmerun tunc in judicio personaliter præsentem, ex 66 parte dictorum serenissimorum dominorum Philippi et Mariæ Regis et Reginæ prædict', ac procuratorio nomine pro eisdem de"nuo dedit articulos atque in partem et subsidium probationis "articulorum hujusmodi et contentorum in eisdem, exhibuit libros "mentionatos in dictis articulis, vestræ reverendissimæ paternitati “originaliter una cum præsentibus transmissos, (qui quidem libri at 66 ... que articuli ac Subdelegatio et Mandatum nostrum citatorium præ"dict' in eorum formis originalibus tempore executionis nostri hu"jusmodi Mardati citatorii eidem Thomæ publice ostensi, ac ipsi seu "saltem veræ copiæ collationatæ eorundem ac signo et nomine præfati "domini Johannis Clerk Notarii publici nostrique actorum Scribæ an"tedicti signat', eidem domino Thomæ Cranmero de facto realiter tra"ditæ fuerunt et penes eum dimissæ, prout ex tenore certificatorii dicti c [See this document in Strype, Cranm. Addenda, Oxf. 1812. p. 1072.] towards the west, said first the Lord's Prayer. Then rising up, he reciteth the articles of the Creed. Which done, he entereth with his protestation, in form as followeth. d The faith and profession of Doctor Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, before the Commissioners. sion or pro This I do profess as touching my faith, and make my The profesprotestation, which I desire you to note. I will never con- testation of sent that the Bishop of Rome shall have any jurisdiction Dr. Cranwithin this realm. Story. Take a note thereof. Mart. Mark, Master Cranmer, how you answer for yourself. You refuse and deny him by whose laws ye yet do remain in life, being otherwise attainted of high treason*, and but a dead man by the laws of this realm. Cran. I protest before God I was no traitor, but indeed I confessed more at my arraignment than was true. Mart. That is not to be reasoned at this present. Ye know ye were condemned for a traitor, and res judicata pro veritate accipitur. But proceed to your matter. Cran. I will never consent to the Bishop of Rome, for then should I give myself to the Devil; for I have made an oath to the King, and I must obey the King by God's laws. By the Scripture the King is chief, and no foreign person in his own realnı above him. There is no subject but to a king. I am a subject, I owe my fidelity to the "nostri Mandati citatorii plenius ac manifeste liquet et apparet,) in præsentia ejusdem domini Thomæ Cranmer personaliter ut præfertur præsentis et comparentis, ac primo et ante omnia protestantis, quod "" per suam comparitionem, aut per aliqua per eum dicta seu dicenda gesta vel gerenda seu aliquo modo per eum facta seu fienda, non in"tendit consentire in nos Subdelegatum sive Commissarium antedictum, aut in aliquem alium auctoritate domini Papæ seu Romani pontificis “fulcientem, tanquam in judicem sibi in hac parte (ut asseruit) compe 66 d [See Cranmer's Letter to Queen Mary, (vol. i. Lett. ccxcix;) his Letter to a Lawyer, (vol. i. Lett. ccCI;) and his Appeal to a General Council, below.] e [See Cranmer's Letters to Queen Mary; (vol. i. Lett. ccxcv. ccxcix.) Foxe, Acts, &c. vol. iii. p. 648; Burnet, Reformat. vol. ii. p. 315; Strype, Cranmer, p. 320.] mer before the Commissioners. Crown. The Pope is contrary to the Crown. I cannot obey both; for no man can serve two masters at once, as you in the beginning of your oration declared by the sword and the keys, attributing the keys to the Pope, and the sword to the King. But I say the King hath both. Therefore Causes al- he that is subject to Rome, and the laws of Rome, he is leged why Dr. Cran- perjured; for the Pope's and the judge's laws are contrary, mer cannot they are uncertain and confounded. receive the Pope. this realm and the A priest indebted, by the laws of the realm shall be sued The laws of before a temporal judge; by the Pope's laws, contrary. The Pope doth the King injury, in that he hath his power Pope's con- from the Pope. The King is head in his own realm; but the Pope claimeth all bishops, priests, curates, &c. So the Pope in every realm hath a realm. trary. The Pope's proceedings contrary to God. Again, by the laws of Rome the benefice must be given by the bishop; by the laws of the realm the patron giveth the benefice. Herein the laws be as contrary as fire and water. No man can by the laws of Rome proceed in a prœmunire, and so is the law of the realm expelled, and the King standeth accursed in maintaining his own laws. Therefore, in consideration that the King and Queen take their power of him, as though God should give it to them, there is no true subject, unless he be abrogate, seeing the crown is holden of him, being out of the realm. The Bishop of Rome is contrary to God, and injurious to his laws; for God commanded all men to be diligent in the knowledge of his law; and therefore hath appointed tentem, seu aliquo pacto admittere aliquam auctoritatem dicti Ro"mani pontificis, asserendo et constanter affirmando eundem Romanum pontificem nullum in hoc regno habere seu habere debuisse aut "debere auctoritatem seu potestatem, quodque ex eo etiam ipsius Ro"mani pontificis auctoritatem ut præfertur admittere non intendit, pro "eo quod alias præstitit juramentum contrarium (ut asseruit) Henrico "tunc Angliæ illius nominis Regi octavo, viz. de renunciando Romano pontifici, et de admittendo et acceptando eundem Regem Henricum "Octavum pro supremo capite Ecclesiæ Anglicana; et protestabatur " ulterius se paratum esse ad respondendum coram quocumque judice "potestatem auctoritatem seu coinmissionem dictorum illustrissimorum "Regis et Reginæ habente. "Idemque dominus Thomas Cranmerus tunc incontinenti ibidem mul |