LIBER QUARTUS.

AT regina gravi iamdudum saucia cura
Vulnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni.
Multa viri virtus animo, multusque recursat
Gentis honos; haerent infixi pectore vultus
Verbaque, nec placidam membris dat cura quietem.

1. At. This word joins the fourth book intimately with the third, and seems intended to show the marked contrast between the rest of Aeneas (III. 718) and the restlessness of Dido, which the poet goes on to describe. It is said that Butler wrote the introduction to Part II. of the Hudibras, changing the theme abruptly, in imitation of Vergil in this

passage:

But now, t' observe Romantique method,
Let bloody steel awhile be sheathed,
And all those harsh and rugged sounds
Of bastinadoes, cuts, and wounds,
Exchang'd to love's more gentle style,
To let our reader breathe awhile.

3-5. Note the different steps by which the queen's passion advances, - his evident valor, his noble birth, his beautiful features, and his wonderful words. So the valor and marvellous tales of the Moor won the love of Desdemona (Shak. Othello, I. III.):

She gave me for my pains a world of My story being done, sighs;

She wish'd she had not heard it, yet she wish'd

That heaven had made her such a man: she thank'd me,

Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras
Umentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram,
Cum sic unanimam alloquitur male sana sororem :
Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent !
Quis novus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes,
Quem sese ore ferens, quam forti pectore et armis !
Credo equidem, nec vana fides, genus esse deorum.
Degeneres animos timor arguit. Heu, quibus ille
Iactatus fatis! quae bella exhausta canebat!
Si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet,
Ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali,
Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit;
Si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset,
Huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae.

10

15

7. This line is repeated from III. 589. Soone as the morrow fayre with purple beames

Disperst the shadowes of the misty night, And Titan, playing on the Eastern streames,

Gan cleare the deawy ayre with springing light.SPENSER, F. Q. II. III. 1.

8. Male sana. Male = non. Cf. male fida, II. 23; male amicum, II. 735; male pinguis, Geo. I. 105.

10, 11. There is a very interesting discussion upon this theme in the Spectator, No. 340.

13. Timor arguit. Valor is a test of noble birth.

For in complete assurance that you are
A real offset of our ancient tree,
You could no better testimony bear
Than the tried valor which in you we see.
ARIOSTO, Orl. Fur. XXXI. 33.

10. Quis successit, 219.-11. Quem, 112. - Pectore, 140.-15, 18, 19. Sederet

fuisset - potui, 199. 16. Vellem, 170.

18. Thalamı, 93.

on to your

Anna-fatebor enim,- miseri post fata Sychaei
Coniugis et sparsos fraterna caede Penates,
Solus hic inflexit sensus, animumque labantem
Impalit. Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae,
Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat,
Vel Pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras,
Pallentes umbras Erebi noctemque profundam,
Ante, Pudor, quam te violo, tua iura resolvo.
Ille meos, primus qui me sibi iunxit, amores
Abstulit; ille habeat secum servetque sepulcro.
Sic effata sinum lacrimis implevit obortis.

Anna refert: O luce magis dilecta sorori,
Solane perpetua maerens carpere iuventa,
Nec dulces natos, Veneris nec praemia noris?
Id cinerem aut Manes credis curare sepultos?
Esto, aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti,
Non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas
Ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis
Dives alit placitone etiam pugnabis amori?
Nec venit in mentem, quorum consederis arvis?
Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello,

23. Agnosco, etc. So Dante, to the shade of Vergil his guide

Not a drachm

Of blood remains in me, that does not
tremble;

I know the traces of the ancient flame.
Purg. XXX. 48.
28, 29. It is said that Veronica da
Gambera, upon the death of her husband,
Gilberto X., lord of Correggio, caused

these two lines to be engraved upon the door of her chamber.

30. She throws herself into Anna's arms and fills her bosom with tears. Notwithstanding her strong resolve to be true to her former husband, her tears show that her present passion is stronger than her will.

34. Id. I. e. whether or not you marry again.

22. Labantem, 234.-24. Optem, 209. — Dehiscat, 169.-27. Violo, 185.-28. Sibi, 139.-31. Luce, 137. 32. Carpere, 215. 33. Noris, 216. 36. Libyae, 95. — 38. Amori, 101.-40. Genus, 226.

Et Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis;
Hinc deserta siti regio, lateque furentes
Barcaei. Quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam,
Germanique minas?

Dîs equidem auspicibus reor et Iunone secunda.
Hunc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas.

Quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere regna
Coniugio tali! Teucrûm comitantibus armis
Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus!

Tu modo posce deos veniam, sacrisque litatis
Indulge hospitio, causasque innecte morandi,
Dum pelago desaevit hiems et aquosus Orion,
Quassataeque rates, dum non tractabile caelum.

His dictis incensum animum inflammavit amore,
Spemque dedit dubiae menti, solvitque pudorem.
Principio delubra adeunt, pacemque per aras
Exquirunt; mactant lectas de more bidentes
Legiferae Cereri Phoeboque patrique Lyaeo,
Iunoni ante omnes, cui vincla iugalia curae.
Ipsa, tenens dextra pateram, pulcherrima Dido
Candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit,
Aut ante ora deûm pingues spatiatur ad aras,

52. Aquosus Orion. Cf. I. 535, nimbosus Orion, and note. In III. 517, Orion is armatus auro.

57 Lectas bidentes, "perfect twoyear-olds." There are two explanations of this term. (1) Sheep were called bidentes, because in their second year two teeth were prominent, being longer than the rest; (2) so called because their two rows of teeth were then complete.

Such animals were used "de more" for sacrifice.

Te nihil attinet

Tentare multa caede bidentium
Parvos coronantem marino
Rore deos fragilique myrto.

HORACE, Odes, III. 23, 13. Vinaque dat pateris, mactatarumque bidentum,

Quid sibi significent, trepidantia consulit exta. OVID, Met. XV. 575.

42. Siti, 136. 43. Dicam, 208. 50. Deos veniam, 113.

Instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis.
Pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta.
Heu vatum ignarae mentes! quid vota furentem,
Quid delubra iuvant? Est mollis flamma medullas
Interea, et tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus.
Uritur infelix Dido totaque vagatur
Urbe furens, qualis coniecta cerva sagitta,
Quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit
Pastor agens telis, liquitque volatile ferrum
Nescius; illa fuga silvas saltusque peragrat
Dictaeos; haeret lateri letalis harundo.
Nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit,
Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam;
Incipit effari, mediaque in voce resistit;
Nunc eadem labente die convivia quaerit,
Iliacosque iterum demens audire labores
Exposcit, pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore.
Post, ubi digressi, lumenque obscura vicissim
Luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos,
Sola domo maeret vacua, stratisque relictis
Incubat. Illum absens absentem auditque videtque ;
Aut gremio Ascanium, genitoris imagine capta,
Detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem.

priates a part of this figure. (Orl. Fur. XVI. 3):

The wretch would fly; but bears in him a dart

Like wounded stag, whichever way he

flees;

Dares not confess, yet cannot quench,
his flame.

77-79. Cf. I. 750 seq.
81. Cf. II. 9.

85. Possit, 168.