majesty, or to or from the said territories of Colombia, which shall not equally extend to all

other nations.

Art. 5.-No higher or other duties or charges on account of tonnage, light, or harbour, dues, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall be imposed, in any of the ports of Colombia, on British vessels, than those payable in the same ports by Colombian vessels ; nor in the ports of his Britannic majesty's territories, on Colombian vessels, than shall be payable in the same ports on British vessels.

Art. 6. The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the territories of Colombia of any article of the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, whether such importation shall be in Colombian or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid on the importation into the dominions of his Britannic majesty, of any article of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Colombia, whether such importation shall be in British or Colombian vessels. The same duties shall be paid, and the same drawbacks and bounties allowed, on the exportation to Colombia of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of his Britannic majesty's dominions, whether such exportation shall be in Colombian or in British vessels; and the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles the growth produce or manufacture of Colombia to his Britannic majesty's dominions, whether such exportation shall be in British or Colombian vessels.

Art. 7.-In order to avoid any misunderstanding with respect to

the regulations which may respectively constitute a British or a Colombian vessel, it is hereby agreed, that all vessels built in the dominions of his Britannic majesty, and owned by British subjects, or by any of them, and whereof the master and threefourths of the mariners, at least, are British subjects, excepting where the laws provide for any extreme cases, shall be considered as British vessels; and that all vessels built in the territories of Colombia, and owned by the citizens thereof, or any of them, and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners, at least áre Colombian citizens, excepting where the laws provide for any extreme cases, shall be considered as Colombian vessels.

Art. 8. All merchants, commanders of ships, and others, the subjects of his Britannic majesty, or citizens of the State of Colombia, shall have full liberty, in all the territories of both powers, respectively, to manage their own affairs themselves, or to commit them to the management of whomsoever they please, as broker, factor, agent, or interpreter; nor shall they be obliged to employ any other persons for those purposes, nor to pay them any salary or remuneration, unless they shall choose to employ them; and absolute freedom shall be allowed, in all cases to the buyer and seller, to bargain and fix the price of any goods, wares, or merchandise, imported into, or exported from, the territories of either of the contracting parties, as they shall see good.

Art. 9.-In whatever relates to the lading and unlading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods, and effects, the succession to per

sonal estates, and the disposal of personal property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the administration of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective dominions and territories, the same privileges, liberties, and rights, as the most favoured nation, and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher imposts or duties than those which are paid, or may be paid, by the native subjects or citizens of the power in whose dominions or territories they may be resident.

They shall be exempted from all compulsory military service whatsoever, whether by sea or land, and from all forced loans, or military exactions and requisitions; neither shall they be compelled to pay any ordinary taxes, under any pretext whatsoever, greater than those that are paid by the subjects or citizens of one or other power.

Art. 10.-It shall be free for each of the two contracting parties to appoint consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party; but before any consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the government to which he is sent; and either of the contracting parties may except from the residence of consuls, such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be so excepted.

Art. 11. For the better security of commerce between the subjects of his Britannic majesty and the citizens of Colombia, it is agreed, that if at any time any interruption of friendly commercial intercourse, or any rupture should unfortu

nately take place between the two contracting parties, the subjects or citizens of either of the contracting parties, residing in the dominions of the other, shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade therein, without any manner of interruption, so long as they behave peaceably, and commit no offence against the laws; and their effects and property, whether intrusted to individuals or to the state, shall not be liable to seizure or sequestration, or to any other demands than those which may be made upon the like effects or property belonging to the native inhabitants of the state in which such subjects or citizens may reside.

Art. 12. The subjects of his Britannic majesty residing in the territories of the state of Colombia shall enjoy the most perfect and entire security of conscience, without being annoyed, prevented, or disturbed on account of their religious belief. Neither shall they be annoyed, molested, or disturbed in the proper exercise of their religion, provided that this take place in private houses, and with the decorum due to divine worship, with due respect to the laws, usages, and customs of the country. Liberty shall also be granted to bury the subjects of his Britannic majesty, who may die in the said territories of Colombia, in convenient and adequate places, to be appointed and established by themselves for that purpose, with the knowledge of the local authorities. Nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in any wise, nor upon any account. In the like manner, the citizens of Colombia shall enjoy within all the dominions of his Britannic majesty, a perfect and unrestrained

liberty of conscience, and of exercising their religion publicly or privately, within their own dwelling-houses, or in the chapels and places of worship appointed for that purpose, agreeably to the system of toleration established in the dominions of his said majesty.

Art. 13.-The government of Colombia engages to co-operate with his Britannic majesty, for the total abolition of the Slave Trade, and to prohibit all persons inhabiting within the territories of Colombia, in the most effectual manner, from taking any share in such trade.

Art. 14. And forasmuch as it would be convenient and useful, for the purpose of facilitating the mutual good understanding between the two contracting parties,

and for avoiding all difficulties henceforward, that other articles should be proposed and added to the present treaty, which articles, both from a want of due time for their consideration, as well as from the pressure of circumstances, cannot at present be drawn up with the required perfection, it has been, and is agreed, on the part of both powers, that they will, with the least possible delay, come forward to treat and agree upon such articles as may be wanting to this treaty, and deemed mutually advantageous; and such articles, when they are agreed upon and duly ratified, shall form part of the present treaty of alliance, commerce, and navigation.

The 15th article relates to the ratification of the treaty.

An extensive commerce having existed for many years between the dominions of his Britannic majesty and the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, it seems advisable, for the safety and promotion of the said commerce, and the consolidation of good understanding between his majesty and the said provinces, that these existing relations should be formally recognized and confirmed by a treaty of friendship and navigation. With this view, they have named for their respective plenipotentiaries, viz. his majesty the King of Great Britain, Mr. Woodbine Parish, his majesty's consul-general at Buenos-Ayres; and the United Provinces, Don M. Jose Garcia, minister for Foreign Affairs, &c. who having exchanged their full powers, have agreed on the following articles :-

Art. 1.-Stipulates perpetual friendship between the dominions and subjects of the two parties.

2. Reciprocal freedom of trade, on the same footing as any other foreign subjects.

3. His Britannic majesty agrees that in all his dominions in Europe, and other parts of the world, the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall enjoy the freedom of trade stipulated in the preceding articles, to the whole extent that it is now permitted, or may be permitted in future, to any other nation.

4. No article of the produce or manufacture of either party shall be subjected, in the dominions of the other, to higher duties than similar articles from other foreign countries; nor shall any prohibition to export or import any articles of produce or manufacture, from or

into the respective dominions, be imposed, unless such prohibition include the same articles of other countries.

5. Vessels of above 120 tons of either party shall not pay any tonnage, light-house, pilotage, salvage, or other local duty, in any of the ports of the other party, higher than the national vessels of the country to which the port belongs. 6. Articles of the produce or manufacture of either party shall pay the same import duties in the ports of the other, whether they are imported in the ships of Great Britain or of the United Provinces; and the same bounties, allowances, and drawbacks shall be paid on the exportation of such articles of produce or manufacture from either country, whether exported in British ships or those of the United Provinces.

7. To prevent misunderstandings, it is stipulated that all ships built in his majesty's dominions, which are owned, manned, and registered according to the laws of Great Britain, shall be considered as British ships; and that all vessels built in the territories of the said provinces, duly registered, owned by citizens of the said provinces, or of any one of them, whose captain and three-fourths of the crew are citizens of the said provinces, shall be considered as vessels of the United Provinces.

8. Every merchant, commander of a ship, and other subjects of his Britannic majesty, shall enjoy in all the territories of the United Provinces, the same liberty as the natives to manage his own affairs, to confide them to whomever he pleases as his factor, agent, or interpreter, without being obliged to employ or pay for that purpose any persons whatever, unless he thinks

fit to employ them; the buyer and seller to have at all times full liberty to contract and fix at their pleasure the price of all effects, merchandise, &c. imported into or exported from the said United Provinces.

9. In all points relative to the unloading of vessels, the security of merchandise and effects, the disposal of property of every description by sale, donation, exchange, or other mode whatsoever, as well as to the administration of justice, the subjects of the contracting parties shall enjoy respectively in the dominions of each other the same rights, privileges, and franchises, as those of the most favoured nations. They shall not pay higher duties in taxes than the subjects of the state in which they reside; they shall be exempt from all military service whatever, either by sea or land, from all forced loans, exactions, or military requisition; nor shall they be obliged to pay any ordinary contributions under any pretext greater than the natural subjects and citizens of the other party.

10. Each of the parties may appoint consuls as usual, who shall not exercise their functions till duly approved by the government to which they are sent, and either party may except to the residence of consuls in such particular places as it may please to except.

11. For the greater security of commerce between the subjects of the contracting parties, it is stipulated that in case of any unfortunate interruption of the amicable relations of commerce, or a breach between the two parties, the subjects and citizens of each residing in the dominions of the other shall have the privilege of remaining and continuing their trade, without any