duty to England, hoping to aid the good cause. He is appointed Chaplain to the Duke of Somerset, and about this time is involved in controversy. Hooper was held by the King, Edward VI., in great esteem, and by command remained in London to help the cause of the Reformation. Refusing the See of Gloucester, in consequence of his objection to the oath and vestments, he is summoned by the Council to give a reason for his conduct. Not being satisfied, they commit him to the Fleet Prison. After prolonged arguments and on submission, he is set at liberty, and on 8th March, 1551, was consecrated Bishop of Gloucester. In the following year he is appointed to the Bishopric of Worcester in commendam with that of Gloucester, the two Sees subsequently being united. On Mary's accession, Hooper was advised to flee from danger threatening him, but nobly answered, “Once did I flee and took me to my feet, but now, since I am called to this place and vocation, I am thoroughly persuaded to tarry, and to live and die with my sheep." Hooper was one of the first summoned before the Council, and having been brought before Gardiner, is adjudged to be deprived of his preferments. The sufferings of a long imprisonment damp not the Bishop's ardour. He is true to the Reformed faith. Gardiner in consequence commits him to Newgate. He is now formally degraded by Bishop Bonner, and sent prisoner to Gloucester, and delivered into the custody of the sheriffs. On the morning of 9th February, 1555, he is desired to prepare for execution. He walked cheerfully to the appointed spot, and surveying the preparations with a smiling countenance, knelt down and prayed. His prayer being ended, and other preparations completed, he was bound to the stake with an iron hoop, and the fire applied. His sufferings were very protracted and severe; for owing to the greenness and insufficiency of the materials used, together with the violence of the wind, the fire at first had but little effect, and it was necessary to renew it on two several occasions before it reached a vital part. During the whole of this trying interval, which was extended to three quarters of an hour, the martyr's fortitude remained unshaken. He evinced but little sense of suffering; and as long as he retained the power of speech, employed it in prayer to Him whose battle he was fighting. The last words that he was heard to utter were, Lord Jesu, have mercy upon me; Lord Jesu, have mercy upon me; Lord Jesus, receive my spirit."—Foxe, &c.

ROGER HUTCHINSON, A.D. 1543-1555, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and admitted Fellow in 1543. Of

his personal character little is known. His work, "The Image of God," was published in 1550. His object in it was not merely to explain the doctrine of the Trinity, but to do it in such a manner as to refute the glaring errors of the Church of Rome. The vices

of the times and the ill-health of the King (Edward VI.) forewarned him to anticipate the darkness which was about to overshadow the land. When that time of affliction arrived, and some "were thrown into the Fleet, some into the Marshalsea, some were inclosed up into the Tower, some were racked, some were scourged, other some burned, other some were defaced, slandered and persecuted with venemous and lying tongues," he was pro.bably deprived, as a married priest, of his fellowship at Eton, and if he had lived, would have been called upon to take a further share in the sorrows of that melancholy period. The last glimpse we catch of him is pleasing and characteristic. After the persecution had begun, in his last illness, when confined to his bed, he contrived to convey to Day, the printer, then a fellow-prisoner in Newgate with the Marian proto-martyr Rogers, a message full of hopeful anticipation for the future. "Lying on his death-bed," says Day, "he sent to me in my trouble, desiring me that whensoever Almighty God of his own mere mercy and goodness would look no more upon our wretchedness, but wipe away our sinnes, and hide them in the precious wounds of his Son Jesus Christ, and turn once again his merciful countenance towards us, and lighten our hearts with the bright beams of His most glorious Gospel, that I would not only put these sermons of his in print, but also his other book, 'The Image of God,' the which he himself had newly corrected." He did not live to behold the realization of his anticipations, nor indeed to witness the worst troubles of the Reformers, being released from the miseries of that dreadful time between the 23rd May, 1555, which is the date of his will, and the succeeding 15th June, when it was proved. —Foxe.

JOHN JEWEL, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, A.D. 1560, was a native of Devon. Born 24th May, 1522. At the age of thirteen (A.D. 1535) he proceeded to Oxford, and obtained a Postmastership at Merton College, under his tutor, John Parkhurst. In January, 1547, King Edward VI. ascended the throne, and the light of divine truth burst brightly from the clouds. Several eminent foreign Reformers were now invited to England, and among them Peter Martyr, who was appointed Professor of Divinity at Oxford. The time and occasion of Jewel's ordination are not stated. license for preaching was granted him in December, 1551, on his

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accepting the cure of Sunningwell, Berks. Mary succeeded to the crown in July, 1553, and the Papists were not long in recovering their former power. A man of Jewel's known devotion to the Reformed doctrines would be one of the first to suffer. The charges brought against him were that he had been a diligent hearer of Peter Martyr, with other accusations. He seems to have been ejected from his College, but found at Pembroke College a temporary asylum; but the University was not so unjust to him as his own Society, for he was shortly named public Orator, and had in this capacity to pen a letter of congratulation to the Queen on her accession. For some time Jewel continued at Oxford free from immediate danger. Snares were laid to entrap him, and in an evil moment he gave his consent to certain Romish articles, under pain of death. Reluctantly he signed his name, and was from that moment a heart-stricken man. He knew that what he had done would not satisfy his persecutors, and so it was. He was just in time to escape apprehension. Had he remained a single night longer in Oxford, he would have been delivered to the pitiless Bonner. But by God's providence help was now at hand. He was lighted on by Augustine Bernher, Latimer's faithful attendant, who carried him to a place of safety. He escaped to the Continent, arriving at Frankfort, 13th March, 1555. He did not, however, remain long there, but joined Peter Martyr at Strasburgh. For almost the remainder of his exile, Jewel continued at Zurich. Happier times, however, came. Elizabeth ascending the throne in November, 1558, the exiles prepared to return, and Jewel arrived in London. He was shortly nominated to the See of Salisbury, and consecrated in Lambeth Palace, 21st January, 1560. Oxford conferred a high honour on Jewel this year (1565), having created him D.D., though absent. His labours are now drawing to a close, and feebleness sets in. His disease forces him to take to his bed, and to think of his dissolution not far off. M. Riley, the steward of his house, closed his eyes, A.D. 1571, September 23rd, about three of the clock in the afternoon; ann. æt. almost fifty. The Bishop's character may be said to have been sufficiently illustrated by his writings.

HUGH LATIMER, Bishop and Martyr, 1555, was the son of Hugh Latimer, of Thirkesson, Leicestershire, a husbandman of a good and wealthy estimation. At the age of fourteen years he was sent to Cambridge University, where he gave himself up to the study of divinity. Zealous in the Popish religion, he was a very enemy to the professors of the gospel of Christ. But such was the mer

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ciful goodness of God that he was caught in the blessed net of God's Word. After this winning to Christ, he experienced the power of the adversaries, as was to be expected. Fox writes: Being baited by the friars, doctors and masters about the year 1529, he continued yet in Cambridge, preaching for the space of three years together, with such favour and applause of the godly, also with such admiration of his enemies that heard him, that the Bishop himself coming in and hearing his gift, wished himself to have the like, and was compelled to commend him upon the same. So Master Latimer, with Master Bilney, after this continued yet in Cambridge a space." At length he was called up to the Cardinal for heresy, but for the time escaped punishment. A benefice having been offered him by the King, he accepted it, the name of the town was West Kington, in the diocese of Sarum. We next read of Latimer's being presented by the King, who greatly favoured him, to the Bishopric of Worcester. He continued, it seems, in the laborious function of a Bishop the space of certain years, till the coming in of the six Articles, and altering of religion. Then being distressed through the straitness of time, so that either he must lose the quiet of a good conscience, or else must forsake his bishopric, he did of his own free accord resign and renounce his pastorship. Coming up to London he was cast into the Tower, remaining prisoner until the accession of Edward. Latimer, it would appear, occupied himself all King Edward's days, preaching for the most part every Sunday twice. As touching himself he ever affirmed that the preaching of the gospel would cost him his life, to the which he no less cheerfully prepared himself, than certainly he was persuaded that Winchester was kept in the Tower for the same purpose, as the event did too truly prove the same. Having the opportunity of escape, of which he declined to avail himself, he is brought before the Council, where patiently hearing all the mocks and taunts of the scornful Papists, he is again cast into the Tower. From thence he is sent to Oxford, with Cranmer and Ridley, to dispute upon articles sent down from Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester. His condemnation shortly follows, and his cruel sufferings and death, which was on the 16th October, 1555, at Oxford, and which will be more particularly related in the memoir of Bishop Ridley.

PETER MARTYR "was invited over to this country by Archbishop Cranmer at the end of 1547, to aid him in the work of Reformation; and after a short residence with the Archbishop at Lambeth, was placed by him as Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford. He

was one of three persons whom Cranmer associated with himself in drawing up a revision of the ecclesiastical laws, and was selected by Cranmer as the person to aid him in defending the religion and Book of Common Prayer, established here in the reign of Edward VI., when he challenged the Romanists to a public disputation on the subject, at the commencement of the reign of Mary." And Strype tells us, "As for the learned Italian, Peter Martyr, there was not only an acquaintance between him and our Archbishop, but a great and cordial intimacy and friendship: for of him he made particular use in the steps he took in our Reformation. And whensoever he might be spared from his public readings in Oxford, the Archbishop used to send for him to confer with hin about the weightiest matters," &c.-Vide Dean Goode's Pamphlet, 1850.

ALEXANDER NOWELL, Dean of St. Paul's, 1560, the son of John Nowell, Esq., of Whalley, Lancashire, was born in that parish, in 1507 or 1508, educated at Middleton, in the same county, and at the early age of thirteen was admitted of Brazenose College, Oxford. Of this society he afterwards became Fellow; and very late in life (1595) was for a few months President of the College. In 1543 he was appointed Master of Westminster School, and in November, 1551, was made Prebendary of Westminster. Of his known attachment to the Reformation, Nowell gave decisive evidence, for when the persecuting spirit of Mary had begun to show itself, we find him at Strasburgh, among those eminent persons who were exiles for their religion. When, on the death of Queen Mary, the exiles returned to England, Nowell was among those who were employed to carry out Queen Elizabeth's plans for the reformation of religion. To Nowell and others were assigned, in 1559, the visitation of the dioceses of Lincoln, Peterborough, &c. Early in the following year Bishop Grindal collated Nowell to the Archdeaconry of Middlesex, to the Rectory of Saltwood (which, however, he very soon resigned), and to a Stall in the church of Canterbury. In the same year he was appointed to a Stall in St. Peter's, Westminster, and at the close of the year to the Deanery of St. Paul's, which he held till his death. In a Convocation which revised the "Articles of Religion," agreed upon in the reign of King Edward VI., Nowell was chosen Prolocutor, and took an active part in the proceedings of that assembly. He was soon after employed to compose a Homily, to be added to the Form of Prayer which was put forth in consequence of the plague which