Henry Clay; Treasury, Richard
Rush; War, James Barbour; Navy,
James L. Southard; Attorney-Gen-
eral, William Wirt; Postmaster-
General, John McLean. Under
Jackson: State, Martin Van Bu-
ren; Treasury, S. D. Ingham; War,
John H. Eaton; Navy, John Branch;
Attorney-General, J. McP. Berrien;
Postmaster-General, W. T. Barry.
Sedgwick, Catherine, 301.

Sentinel, The Daily. Early labor
newspaper, 107.
Sergeant, Mrs., 405-406.
Settlers, Early, in the West.

Jour-

ney to Ohio, 151-152; Half-faced
camp, 152; the log hut, 152-153;
household utensils, 153, 154; farm-
ing, 154-155; growth of towns, 155-
156; anecdotes of frontier life, 156-
158; the circuit rider, 159-160; wild-
cat banking, 160-162.

Sharpe, Peter. Delegate to Harris-
burg Convention, 250.
Sidney. Urges_nullification, 261.
Sigourney, L. H., 301.

Silliman's Journal. Founded, 273.
Slave-trade. In the District of Co-
lumbia, 219–226; abolition of, pro-
posed for consideration for the
Panama Congress, 441; opposition
of the Pro-slavery party, 443, 447.
Slavers. Number off African coast,
14, 16-17.

Slavery. Pro-slavery laws of Ill-
nois, 187-188; struggle to make Illi-
nois slave soil, 189-191; abolition
of, by New York, 192; projected in-
surrection of slaves in Charleston,
South Carolina, 199-200; South
Carolina Negro Seaman Act, 200-
204; Governor Troup of Georgia on,
205; reply of Legislature, 205-206;
rise of the abolitionists, 208; Ben-
jamin Lundy, 208-209; early aboli
tion presses, 209-213; Garrison, 210-
212; antislavery societies, 213-214;
fugitive slave law, 215-216; Penn-
sylvania law, 216-217; complaint of
Maryland, 217; Delaware and Penn-
sylvania change their laws, 218;
fugitive slaves in District of Colum-
bia, 219; slave-trade in, 220-226;
cotton and, 228; South Carolina on
powers of Congress over, 252; abo-
lition of, in Cuba and Porto Rico
proposed, 443; opposition of Pro-
slavery party, 445 449; Mexico at-
tempts to abolish slavery in Texas,
548, 549.

Slaves. Treatment of, in District of
Columbia, 226; tariff increases cost
of clothing of, 243.
Smith, Sydney. Criticism of the
United States, 317-319, 328-330.
Socialism. Robert Owen at New
Lanark, 88; the Rappites at Har-
mony and New Harmony, 89-90;
Owen buys Harmony, 90: lectures
on his community plan, 90-92; the
Preliminary Society of New Har-
mony, 92-93; the village in 1826,
93; Community of Equality, 93-94;
condition of New Harmony, 94:
dress reform, 95; Declaration of
Mental Independence. 95: effect,
95-96; failure of New Harmony, 96;
Owenite communities elsewhere,

573

96; Nashoba, 97-98; Francis Wright,
97; the Nashoba and New Harmony
Gazette, 98; Miss Wright's lectures,
98-99; the Working-man's party at
New York city, 99-104; in Philadel-
phia, 104-105; spread of the Free
Enquirers, 105-106, 107-108.
Society. The Farmers' and Mechan.
ics', 105; Pennsylvania, for the
Promotion of Internal Improve-
ments, collects information as to
railroads, 140-141; American, for
the Colonization of Free Blacks in
Africa, 193, 194, 206, 207, 208; the
Manumission, 214; St. Paul's Agri-
cultural, on the tariff, 244; Penn-
sylvania, for Promotion of Manu-
factures and the Mechanic Art,
calls tariff convention, 246; Free
School, of New York, 356; for Free
Instruction of Female Children,
359; Aimwell School, 359; Philadel-
phia, for Establishment and Sup-
port of Charity Schools, 359;
Friends' Association for the In-
struction of Poor Children, 359;
Female Humane Association Char-
ity School, 362; Carpenters' Hu-
mane, 363; Benevolent, 363.
Southard, James L. Appointed Sec-
retary of the Navy, 433.

South, The. Effect of invention of
cotton gin on, 227, 228; natural re-
sources of, 227; trade of, with
Great Britain, 228, 242, 243; indus-
trial conditions of, 228; contrasted
with the North, 229; opposition of,
to protective tariff, 232-234, 242-
245, 247-249; rejoices over defeat of
tariff, 1827, 242; division of inter-
ests of North and South, 242, 243,
244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 254; re-
sist tariff of 1828, 255-267; exclu-
sion of Northern products proposed,
256-259, 262; protective tariff inju-
rious to, 264, 265.

South American Republics. Early at-
tempt to form a union of, 433, 434;
certain Ministers of, interview
Clay, 434; invite the United States
to Panama Congress, 440, 441.
South Carolina. Lowndes and Cal-
houn nominated for presidency, 56,
60; projected insurrection of slaves,
199-200; Negro Seaman Act, 200-
204; on colonization, 207; opposition
of, to protective tariff, 1827, 243-
245; speech of Senator Hayne before
Charleston Chamber of Commerce,
243, 244; resolutions of St. Paul's
Agricultural Society, 1827, 244;
Charleston Chamber of Commerce
resolutions, 244, 245; memorial of
Colleton District, 245; call for
Harrisburg Convention arouses a
renewal of agitation in, 247-249;
speech of Dr. Cooper at Columbia,
247-249; Dr. Cooper's resolutions,
249; Georgetown resolutions, 249;
Senate State rights report, 1828,
252, 253; reply of New Jersey, 254;
memorials of citizens. 254; resist-
ance to the tariff of 1828, 255-267;
anti-tariff meeting at Walterbor-
ough, 255, 256; secession suggested,
256; legislative boycott of Northern
goods proposed, 256-259; seditious
toasts proposed, 258, note, 261;

speech of McDuffie, 258, 259, 261;
letter in Charleston Mercury, 259;
Union speech of Governor, 259, 260;
nullification and disunion urged,
260, 261; Governor's message tem-
perate, 262; views and resolutions
of Legislature, 262, 263; adopts Cal-
houn's "Exposition of 1828," 263-
267; resolutions of, 266, 267; school
system of, 368; Negro Seaman Act,
200-204; State rights resolutions,
417.

South Carolina College. Students of,
boycott Northern goods, 257.
Southwick, Solomon. Antimasonic
candidate for Governor, 120.
Spain. Delivers Florida to United
States, 2; rebellion of South Ameri-
can colonies, 2; Mexico rebels, 3;
defeat of the rebels, 3-6; Long in
Mexico, 6-7; Mexico rebels, 9; Itur-
bide Emperor of Mexico, 9; the
plan of Iguala, 9-10; loses Mexico,
10; agreement as to slave-trade, 13,
14; Ferdinand VII and the Liberals,
33-34; revolt of colonies, 36-37; re-
bellion in, 37-38; independence of
her colonies recognized by United
States, 41-42; attitude of Great
Britain toward, 43; France invades,
43-44; relations with, instructions
to our Minister to Spain relative to
Cuba and Porto Rico, 434-436;
Adams attempts to mediate to end
war with South America, 436-440;
fear of liberation of Cuba and Porto
Rico, 436, 437; instructions to Min-
ister at Madrid, 437; seeks Russia's
aid, 437-439; French fleet appear off
Cuba, 439; alarm of Mexico, 439,
440; Clay's protest to France, 440.
Sparks, Jared. Early life, 304; edi-
torial work, 304, 305; collects the
"Writings of Washington," 305,
306; other works, 305, 306; compen-
sation of, 304.
Spoils system. Office seekers invade
Washington, 519, 520; demand for
office, 521-523, notes, 525, note;

Jackson's views on patronage, 525,
526; members of Congress appointed
to office, 526, note; inauguration of
the system in the Post-Office De-
partment, 526, 527; wholesale re-
movals, 528; the scramble for office,
528-530; disappointment with ap-
pointments, 530; appointment of
editors, 530, 531; distress caused by
removals, 531: continuance of re-
movals, 531, 532: effect of removal
of postmasters, 532, 533.
"Spy, The." Its success, 298, 299.
State government. During the Revo-
lution, 373-378; colonies apply to
Congress for advice, 374; advice
given, 374; State constitutions
framed, 375; bills of rights, 375;
character of constitutions, 375-378;
suffrage, 376, 377; powers of Execu-
tive, 377, 378; gradual abolition of
religious and property qualifica-
tions, 379, 380; new ideas fn, 1810-
20, 380, 381; new constitution of
New York, 383-388; amended con-
stitution, Massachusetts, 388-390;
Rhode Island, 390; New York suf-
frage amendment, 392; new consti-
tution in Virginia, 392, 393; changes

400.

of half a century, 393, 394; the
Legislatures and the courts, 395-
State rights. South Carolina, 203;
Governor Troup, 205; Georgia on,
205-207; report of the Senate of
South Carolina, 1828, 252-253; Geor-
gia resolutions, 1828, 253; Alabama
resolution, 1828, 253, 254; toasts at
Charleston, 258, note, 261; resolution
asserting, 263; South Carolina
Exposition on, 266; opposition to
sults against States, 402; resolu-
tions of States, 402, 403; asserted
by Pennsylvania (Gideon Olmsted
case), 403-406; resolutions of Penn-
sylvania and Virginia, 406; New
England resistance to Force Act,
406, 407; resolutions of Delaware,
407; New England States refuse
militia, 407, 408; resolutions of Con-
necticut, 408; speech of Josiah
Quincy on admission of Louisiana,
409-411; Massachusetts opposes Em-
bargo Act, 411; resistance to "Con-
script Bill," 411, 412; State rights
resolutions of Ohio, 1820, 413; mani-
festo in Georgia Senate, 413; Vir-
ginia denies jurisdiction of Su-
preme Court, 414; Kentucky resists
Jurisdiction of Federal courts, 415-
417; New York opposes Federal
law, 417; assertion of, by South
Carolina, Negro Seaman Act, 417;
general assertion of, 418; resolu-
tions of Maine and Massachusetts,
473–476.

States, Suits against. Opposition to,
402.

States, The. Influence of, in election
of President by House of Represen-
tatives, 62.

Stay laws. In Illinois, 161; in Ken-
tucky, 162; old-court and new-court
struggles, 162-166.

Steamboats, 130-131, 166.

Stevens, John. Acquires railroad
charter, 138; letter to Mayor of
Philadelphia, 139; charter from
Pennsylvania, 139-140; circular rail-
road, 143-144.

Stoddard's Louisiana, 306.

Street cleaning in New York city,
124; in Philadelphia, 126.
Strikes. Early, 84, 85.
Suffrage. Negro, 184, 186, 187, 192,
198-199; qualifications for, early
State constitutions, 377; manhood
suffrage, 379, 380; in New York
Convention, 1821, 384-387; in Massa-
chusetts Convention, 1820, 388-390;
New York, manhood, 392; new
qualifications in Virginia, 392, 393.
Surgery. First journal of, 273.
Swartwout, Samuel. Jackson's let-
ter to, 492; on office seeking, 529.
Sweden, 13.

Tables. Popular vote, 1824, 75; elec-
toral vote, 76; vote of House of
Representatives in 1825, 81; popu-
lar and electoral vote, 1828, 518–520.
Tariff. Effect of, 1816, 229; demand
for protective tariff, 230; bill de-
feated in Senate, 1820, 231; House
of Representatives opposed to pro-
tective tariff, 1821-23, 231; Mon-
roe's messages favor protection,

231; bill reported in 1824, 231, 232;
petitions and memorials, pro and
con, 1824, 232, 233; discussion in the
House, 233-240; Hamilton's speech
against, 234; Clay's speech in favor,
234-237; Webster's reply, 237-240;
division of the country over the
bill, 240; vote and passage of bill,
240; effect of the act of 1824 on
New England, 240-242; increased
protection for woollens sought by
New England, 241, 242; new bill,
242, note; defeated, 1827, 242; re-
joicing in the South over defeat,
242; reason for opposition of the
South, 242, 243; agitation against, in
South Carolina, 1827, 243-245; agi-
tation in favor, in Pennsylvania,
and call for Harrisburg Conven-
tion, 246-248; renewed agitation in
South Carolina, 247-249; speech of
Dr. Cooper at Columbia, 247-249;
Dr. Cooper's resolutions, 249;
Georgetown, South Carolina, reso-
lutions, 249; the Harrisburg Con-
vention and its memorial, 249-251;
tariff and anti-tariff memorials,
251-245, 417; "tariff of abomina-
tions," 254, 255; resistance to, 255-
267; anti-tariff meetings in South
Carolina, 255, 256; Southern news-
papers on the, 256, 258, 259; nullifi-
cation of, urged, 261; message of
Governor of South Carolina, 262;
action of Legislature, 262, 263;
adopts the "South Carolina Expo-
sition," 263-267; protests of South
Carolina, Alabama, and Georgia,
267, 417.

Tariff. Rumor of a proposed reci-
procity treaty with Great Britain,
555; friends of the tariff aroused,
555; certain Administration papers
approve, 555, 556; constitutional
rights of treaty-making power, 556.
Taverns, 150-151.

Teachers. Poorly trained, 346-348,
362.

Tennessee. Common schools in, 372;
grant to, for colleges, 364; Legis-
lature renominates Jackson, 496,
497; resolutions on election of
President, 508, 509; nominates Jack-
son for President, 57; on congres-
sional caucus, 60-61.
Tenure, Judges', 393.
Term. Question of a third, for the
President, 423, 425-429.
Territory, Annexation of.

Discus-

3-6;

sion over Louisiana, 408-411.
Texas. Early rebellions in,
Long's expedition, 6; declares it in-
dependent, 7; Austin, 7; grant to
Stephen Austin, 8; attempts to col-
onize, 8-9; troubles in Mexico delay
Austin, 9-12; other applicants, 10;
Austin begins his work, 12; Texas
joined to Coahuila, 12; First Con-
gress of Coahuila and Texas, 12;
colonization law of, 13; attempts
of Adams's Administration to pur-
chase, 460, 461; Jackson reopens
negotiations for, 461-463; Van Bu-
ren's instructions to Poinsett rela-
tive to purchase of, 542, 543; news-
paper articles advocating the pur-
chase of, 543-545; arguments of
annexationists, 545-547; arguments

575

275.

Throop, Enos T. Delegate to Har-
risburg Convention, 250.

Toasts. At McDuffie dinner, 258; se-
cession, 261.

Trade. To the West by Erie Canal,
135-136; new trade with the West,
137; trade of Philadelphia threat-
ened, 137; on the Mississippi, 166;
export and import, of South with
Great Britain, 228, 242, 243; im-
portation of British woollen goods,
1824, 240; effect of cessation of war
in Europe on, 246, 247.
Trade, The Slave-. Efforts of Great
Britain to abolish, 13-16; proposal
of Great Britain to the United
States regarding, 15; how carried
on, 14, 15; action of the United
States regarding, 16-18; vessels
sent to African coast, 16, 17; made
piracy by United States, 16.
Transportation. By Erie Canal, 135-
136; effect of Erie Canal on New
England, 137; early railroad enter-
prises, 138-140; Pennsylvania So-
ciety for the Promotion of Internal
Improvement, 140; Pennsylvania
commission, 141-142; Canal Conven-
tion, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 142;
railroad chartered, 142; New York
charters railroads, 143; Massachu-
setts commission, 143; Pennsylvania
and Maryland, 144; in the South,
144; in New Jersey, 144-145; on the
Mississippi, 166-168.

Travel. By steamboat, 130-131; open-
ing of the Erie Canal, 132-133; jour-
ney to Buffalo by canal, 133-134;
canal boat described, 134; travel of
Erie Canal, 135-136; cost of Erie,
135; other canals begun, 136-137;
from Philadelphia to Pittsburg,
150-151; down the Ohio, 151-152;
on the Mississippi, 166-168.
Travellers in America. Article by
Sydney Smith, 317-319, notes.
Treaty, The Quadruple, 32, 35; con-
stitutional rights of treaty-making
power over the tariff, 556; Indian
Springs, 179-181.
Trevett vs. Weeden.

399, note.

Case of, 397-

Typographical Society, The New
York, disavows connection with
Free Enquirers, 103-105.

Unconstitutional acts, Power of judi-
ciary over. Origin and growth of
power, 394; case in Virginia, 1766,
394; James Otis's declaration, 395;
Justice Cushing's charge, 395; other
early assertions, 395; the New Jer-
sey precedent, Holmes vs. Walton,
395, 396; opinion of Virginia judges,
396, 397; Rutgers vs. Waddington,
397; Trevett vs. Weeden, 397-399,
note; other early cases, 399; con-
flict in Ohio, 399, 400; in Georgia,
399, 400; discussion in Federal con-
vention, 400; Federal Circuit Court
opinions, 401, 402; decisions of Su-
preme Court, 402, note; resolutions
of States, 402, 403; list of State
acts declared unconstitutional, 412,
note, 413, note.

Unions. Labor, 86.

United States Literary Gazette, The.
Contributors to, 303.
United States, The.

Action concern-
ing the slave-trade, 13-18; recog-
nized independence of Spanish col-
onies, 41-42; asked to join in a
declaration as to Spanish colonies,

44.

Van Buren, Martin, 64, 70, 71; oppo-
sition to Panama Congress, 442; ne-
gotiations with Mexico for purchase
of Texas, 461-463; appointed Sec-
retary of State, 520, 521; instruc-
tions to Poinsett, 542, 543; reviews
hostility of Mexico, letter to But-
ler, 549-551; early life, 386, 387;
views on suffrage, 387.

Vermont. Manhood suffrage, 377,
379.

Verona. Congress of Holy Allies, 43.
Veto. Monroe vetoes internal im-
provement bill, 149.

Veto power. In early State constitu-
tions, 377, 378; in new constitu-
tions, 1810-20, 380, note, 388.
Victoria, 12.

Vienna. Congress of Holy Allies, 43.
Virginia. Franchise law in, 392, 393;
constitution of, amended, 1829, 393;
on congressional caucus, 61-63;
electoral ticket, 69; opposition to
suits against States, 402; resolu-
tions of, replying to Pennsylvania,
406; resolutions of, denying juris-
diction of Supreme Court, 414;
resolutions, cited by Calhoun, 266;
doctrine asserted by, 402, 403; new
resolutions, 1810, 406; Governor
Trumbull of Connecticut repeats,
407; Ohio approves the, 413; schools
in, Jefferson's plan for, 366; failure
of legislation for, 366; Stamp Act
declared unconstitutional in, 394,

395; powers of the judiciary, 396,
397, note.

Vote. The electoral, in 1824, 76;
popular vote, 1824, 75; vote of
House of Representatives, 81; Anti-
masonic, in New York, 120; election
of 1828, popular, 517, 518, note;
electoral, 519, 520, note.

Vote, Viva-voce. Virginia, 393.
Wages, 85, 121; of women, 122.
Walsh, Robert. Reply to British
criticism, 326-328; answer of the
Edinburgh Review, 326-331; de-
fence of the North American Re-
view, 331; controversy continued,
332-337.

Walton, Elisha, 395-396.
Washington, Bushrod, 305.
Washington, George. Extract from
Farewell Address on our relations
with Europe, 29; Life of, by Mar-
shall, 293, 284, note; Writings of,
collected by Sparks, 305, 306; evo-
lution of the presidency under, 422,
423.
Watchman, The. Established, 274.
Waters, Mrs., 405 406.

Webster, Daniel. Advocates prop-
erty qualification, 388-390; speech
on Panama Congress, 451, 457-459;
speech on the tariff bill of 1824,
237-240.

Webster, Noah. Text-books by, 346.
Wells, Gideon. Delegate to Harris-
burg Convention, 250.

Western Reserve, The. Connecticut
school fund and, 349-351.

West Indian Islands. Fears of Amer-
ica relative to Cuba and Porto Rico,
434-437; Adams announces our at-
titude toward, to Europe, 437-440;
French fleet off Cuba, 439; United
States protests, 440; proposed lib-
eration of slaves in, 443; opposition
of Pro-slavery party to, 445-449;
trade relations with British islands,
483-487.

White House. Scenes at Jackson's
Inauguration, 524-525.

White, Senator. Speech in opposi-
tion to Panama Congress, 444, 445,
447.

Whitney, Ell. Invention of, its effect
on cotton crop, 227.

Wild-cat banking, 160-161; effects of
it. 162.

William and Mary College, Virginia,
366.

William, King Frederick, of Prussia,
31; promises constitution to, 35.
Williams, Ezekiel. Labor candidate,
108.

Wirt, William, Attorney-General.
Opinion on South Carolina Negro
Seaman Act, 203; appointed Attor-
ney-General, 433.

Women, Books for. Character and
titles, 277, 278; wages of, 122; con-
dition of, in cities, 122.
Women's magazines, 275, note.
Wool. Pennsylvania farmers favor
further protection of, 1827, 245,
246; call for Harrisburg Conven-
tion, 246, 247; recommendation of
Convention, 250, 251.

Wool-growers. Call of Pennsylvania,
for a convention, 1827, 245, 246; ad-

dress and call for Harrisburg Con-
vention, 1827, 246, 247.
Woollen industry. In New England
and Middle States, 229, 230; favors
protective tariff, 232; effect of act
of 1824 upon, 240, 247; home and
English competition, 240; depres-
sion of, 1826, 240-242; increased
protection sought, 241, 242, 245-
247; recommendation of Harrisburg
Workeyism," 107-109.

Working day. Length of, 84, 85;
strikes to shorten, 84.
Working-men. Condition of, 83, 84,

85; strikes and lockouts, 84; at-
tempts to improve their condition,
86; llen laws, 86; enter politics, 86-
87; demand free schools, 87; Free
Enquirers take up their cause, 88;
Frances Wright, 97; Free Enquirer
founded, 99; Working-man's party
in New York city, 99; platform,
100; the Working-man's Advocate,
100-101; Russell Comstock, 101-
102; success of the Working-men's
ticket at New York, 102; excitement
over it, 102-103; trade associa-
tions disavow connection with it,
103-104; a Working-man's ticket at

577

Philadelphia, 104-105; labor parties
in New York city and State, 106-
108; "Workeyism," 107; convention
at Salina, 107; North American
Clay Working-men ticket, 108.
Wright, Frances, 97; founds Nashoba,
97-98; her lectures, 98-99; Fanny
Wright Societies," 99; the Free En-
quirer, 99; takes up the cause of
the Working-men, 99-100; "Infidel
ticket" at New York city, 102-103;
trades in New York disavow her
principles, 103-104; and in Phila-
delphia, 104-105; spread of the Free
Enquirers, 105-106.
Wright, John C.,

Representative.
Delegate to Harrisburg Convention,

(20)