and fouth, and by Inverness-fhire and the western ocean on the fouth and weft. Ross is also a market-town, fituated on the river Wye, eleven miles fouth of Hereford.

gent, thofe of the damask rofe purgative, and the fruit of the wild rofe pectoral. The rofe-water of the fhops, diftilled from the flowers of the damask-rofe, has been celebrated for many virtues; but its fragrant fmell is the only quality now regarded in it. There is alfo a fyrup, made either from the juice, or infufion of the fresh flowers of damafk-rofes, ROSE, in architecture, an ornament cut in the form of a rofe, chiefly used in corniches, frizes, vaults of churches, &c, and particularly in the middle of each face in the corinthian abacus.

ROSE-NOBLE, an antient english gold coin, firft truck in the reign of Edward III. It was formerly current at 6 s. 8 d. and fo called becaufe ftamped with a rofe. ROSE-WOOD, rhodium, or afpalathus, in the materia medica. See ASPALATHUS. ROSEBRUGGE, a town of Flanders, eleven miles north-west of Ypres. ROSEMARY, rosmarinus, in botany, a genus of the diandria-monogynia claís of plants, with a ringent monopetalous flower, whereof the upper lip is bifid and erect, and the under lip trifid and reflex; there is no pericarpium, the cup holding the four feeds in its bottom. Rolemary has at all times been a favourrite fhrub in medicine: it is full of volatile parts, as appears by its tafte, smell, and analyfis. It is a very valuable cephalic, and is good in all diforders of the nerves, and in hysteric and hypochondriac cafes. It is good in palfies, apoplexies, epilepfies, and vertigoes. It strengthens the fight, and fweetens the breath. It is greatly commended by fome against obftructions of the vifcera, particularly of the liver and spleen; and in the jaundice. The flowers have the credit of being great cordials; and fome imagine they even poffefs the virtues of the whole plant in a more exalted degree than any other part. However, the flowery tops, leaves, and hufks, together with the leaves themfelves, are much fitter for all purpotes, than the flowers alone. ROSICRUCIANS, or RoSYCRUCIANS. See the article ROSYCRUCIANS. ROSIENNE, a town of Samogitia, in Poland east longitude 23° 30', north latitude 55° 50'.

:

ROSIN, or RESIN. See the article RESIN. ROSMARINUS, ROSEMARY, in botany. See the article ROSEMARY.

ROSS, county of Scotland, bounded by Sutherland on the north, by the German fa and the Muray fiith on the eat

ROSSANO, a city and port-town of Calabria, in the kingdom of Naples, eighty miles fouth-weft of Taranto. ROSSE, a port-town of Ireland, twentytwo miles west of Kinfale. ROS-SOLIS, SUN-DEW, an agreeable fpirituous liquor, compofed of burnt brandy, fugar, cinnamon, and milk-water; and fometimes perfumed with a little musk: it is fo called, as being at first prepared wholly of the juice of the plant rofs-folis, or drofera. See the article DROSERA. ROSTING, or ROASTING. Ste the article ROASTING.

ROSTOCK, an imperial city of lower Saxony, fituated on a bay of the Baltic fea eaft longitude 12° 15', and north latitude 54° 20'.

ROSTOF, or ROSTOVA, the capital of a territory of the fame name, in Ruffia: eaft longitude 40°, and north latitude 57° 20′. 1

ROSTRA, in antiquity, a part of the roman forum, wherein orations, pleadings,

funeral harangues, &c. were delivered. ROSTRI-FORMIS PROCESSUS, in anatomy. See the article CORACOIDES. ROSTRUM literally denotes the beak or bill of a bird; and hence it has been figuratively applied to the beak, or head of a ship.

ROSTRUM, in chemistry, implies the nofe . or beak of the common alembic, which conveys the liquor diftilled into its receiver. See the article ALEMBIC. ROSYCRUCIANS, ROSICRUCIANS, or brothers of the rofy cross, a name affumed by a fect or cabal of hermetical philofophers, who appeared, or at leaft were firft taken notice of, in Germany, in the beginning of the XVIth century. They pretended to be masters of all fciences, and to have many important fecrets, particularly that of the philofophers's stone. See the article PHILOSOPHER.

ROTENBURG is also a town of Lower Saxony, in the dutchy of Verden, twentyfour miles east of Bremen. ROTHER, or RUDDER. See RUDDER. ROTHERAM, a market-town of Yorkfhire, 35 miles fouth-weft of York. ROTHSAY, a parliament-town of Scotland, in the ifle of Bute: weft longitude 5°, and north latitude 55° 50'. ROTING, a town of Franconia, in Germany: east long. 9° 50', and north lat. 49° 30'.

ROTONDO, or ROTUNDO, in architecture, an appellation given to any building that is round both within and without fide, whether it be a church, a falon, or the like. The molt celebrated rotondo of the antients, is the pantheon at Rome. See the article PANTHEON. ROTTENNESS, or PUTREFACTION. See the article PUTREFACTION. ROTTERDAM, a city of the province of Holland, fituated on the north bank of the Maefe, thirty miles fouth of Amfter dam, and thirteen miles fouth-eaft of the Hague: eaft longitude 4° 20′, and north latitude 52°.

ROTULA, in anatomy, the fame with the
patella. See the article PATELLA.
ROTULORUM CUSTOS. See the article
CUSTOS ROTULORUM.
ROTULUS, a ROLL.

See ROLL..

ROTUNDO, or ROTONDO. See the article ROTONDO. ROTUNDUS, in anatomy, a name given to several muscles, otherwise called teres. See the articles TERES and MUSCLE. Pronator ROTUNDUS. See PRONATORS. ROTWEIL, a town of Swabia, in Ger

many, fituated on the river Neckar: eaft long. 8° 30', and north lat. 48° 8'. ROUEN, a city of France, and capital of Normandy, fituated on the north fide of the Seyne, fixty-five miles north of Paris, and forty five miles fouth-east of Havre de Grace and the British Channel: east long. 1o 6', north lat. 49° 30′. ROVEREDO, a city of the bishopric of Trent, eight miles fouth of Trent. ROVERGNE, a divifion of Guienne, in France.

b round, to what we call a flat b. See the article FLATS.

ROUND, in a military fenfe, fignifies a walk which fome officer, attended with a party of foldiers, takes in a fortified place around the ramparts, in the night-time, in order to fee that the centries are watchful, and every thing in good order. The centries are to challenge the rounds at a distance, and reft their arms as they país, to let none come near them; and when the round comes near the guard, the centry calls aloud, who comes there? and being anfwered, the rounds; he fays fland; and then calls the corporal of the guard, who draws his fword, and calls alio, who comes there; and when he is answered, the rounds, he who has the word advances, and the corporal receives it with his sword pointed to the giver's breast. In ftrict garrison the rounds go every quarter of an hour. Way of the ROUNDS. See WAY. Counter-ROUNDS. See COUNTER, ROUND-HOUSE, a kind of prifon, for the nightly watch in London to fecure diforderly perfons, till they can be carried before a magiftrate.

ROUND HOUSE, in a fhip, the uppermost room, or cabbin, on the ftern of a fhip, where the mafter lies. ·To ROUND a horse, in horfemanship, a general term for all forts of maneges upon a volt, or circular tread. See the article VOLT.

ROUNDELAY, a kind of antient poem, thus termed, according to Menage, from its form, because it turns back again to the first verfe, and thus goes round. This poem is little known among us, but is very common among the French, who call it rondeau. It confifts commonly of thirteen verfes, eight whereof are in one rhime, and five in another. It is divided into couplets, at the end of the fecond and third whereof the beginning of the roundelay is repeated, and that if poffible in an equivocal or pausing sense. ROUNDELET. See RUNDLET, ROUNDO, ROUNDELAY, in mufic, a kind of burden or ritornello, where the beginning of each couplet is repeated at the end thereof.

ROUSE, among falconers, is when a hawk lifts up and shakes herself. Rouse a harufer, or cable, in the fealanguage, fignifies to haul in part of the hawfer or cable, which lies flack in the water.

in the province of Flanders, fituated ele ven miles north-east of Ypres. ROUSILLON, formerly a province of Spain, now united to France, is bounded by Languedoc on the north, by the Mediterranean fea on the eaft, by Catalonia on the fouth, and by the Pyrenean mountains on the weft, being about fiftyfive miles long, and thirty-fix broad. ROUSSIN, in the manege, is a ftrong, well-knit, and towed horfe, fuch as are brought into France from Germany and Holland.

ROUT, a public road, highway, or courfe,

efpecially that which military forces take. This word is alfo used for the defeat and Aight of an army.

ROUT, in law, is applied to an affembly of perfons, going forcibly to commit fome unlawful act, whether they execute it or

not.

The difference between a rout and a riot seems to be this, that a rout is where perfons are unlawfully affembled, and have moved forwards, in order to commit the unlawful act intended, but part with⚫out doing it: whereas riot is taken for the diforderly fact committed by any such unlawful affembly. Two things, however are common both to riot and rout, as alfo unlawful affembly; the one is, that three perfons at least be gathered together: the other is, that, being gathered together, they disturb the peace either by words, fhew of arms, turbulent gesture, or actual violence. See RIOT. ROWEL, among farriers, a kind of issue, made by drawing a fkain of filk, thread, hair, or the like, through the nape of the neck, or the other part, of a horfe; anfwering to what, in furgery, is called a feton. See the article SETON. The rowelling of horfes is a method of cure frequently had recourfe to, in cafes of inward ftrains, efpecially about the fhoulders or hips, as alfo for hard fwellings not eafy to be diffolved. The operation is this: a little flit being made through the skin, about an handbreadth below the part aggrieved, big enough to put a fwan's quill in; the fkin is raised from the flesh, the end of the quill put in, and the fkin blowed from the flesh upwards, and all over the shoulder; then the hole being ftopped with the finger, the part blown is beat with an hazelftick, and the wind spread with the hand all over, and then let go; this done, a skain of horse-hair, or red farfenet, half the thickness of the little finger, is put in

Others, difliking these rowels, as making too large a fore and fear, ufe the french rowel, which is a round piece of ftiff leather, with a hole in the midit, laying it flat between the flesh and skin, the hole in the rowel juft against that in the skin, fewing it with a needle and thread drawn through the hole and the fkin, cleaning it once in two or three days, and then anointing it afresh. RowELS of a fpur. See SPUR, ROWS of trees. See PARALLELISM. ROXBURGH, the name of a county in Scotland, which fends one member to parliament.

ROXENT CAPE, or Rock of Lisbon, a mountain and remarkable promontory in Portugal, fituated in the Atlantic ocean, at the north entrance of the river Tagus, twenty-two miles north of Lisbon. ROYAL, or REGAL, fomething belonging to a king: thus we say, royal fami ly, royal affent, royal exchange, &c. See the articles FAMILY, ASSENT, &c. ROYAL EXCHANGE, the burfe or meetingplace of the merchants in London. See the article EXCHANGE.

It was built in 1566, at the charge of Sir Thomas Gresham, and in a folemn manner, by herald with found of trumpet, in prefence of queen Elizabeth, proclaimed the royal exchange. Till that time the merchants met in Lombardftreet. It was built of brick, yet then esteemed the most splendid burfe in Europe. An hundred years after its building, at the great fire, it was burnt down; but foon raised again in a ftill more magnificent manner, the expence thereof amounting to £. 50,000. One half of this fum was disbursed by the chamber of London, the other by the company of mercers, who, to reimburse themselves, let to hire 190 fhops above ftairs, at £20 each, which, with other fhops, &c. oa the ground, yield a yearly rent of above £.4000; yet the ground it ftands on does not exceed three-fourths of an acre, whence it is observed to be much the

richeft fpot of ground in the world. It is built quadrangular, with walks around, wherein the merchants of the respective countries affociate themselves. In the middle of the area or court is a fine marble ftatue of king Charles II. in the habit of a roman Cæfar, erected by the fociety of merchant-adventurers. Around are the ftatues of the feveral kings fince the Norman conquest, ranged. ROYAL-cak, a fair fpreading tree at Bofcobel, in the parish of Donnington in Staffordshire, the boughs whereof were once covered with ivy; in the thick of which king Charles II. fat in the daytime with colonel Careless, and in the night lodged in Bofcobel houfe; so that they are mistaken who speak of it as an old hellow oak, it being then a gay flourishing tree, furrounded with many more. The poor remains thereof are now fenced in with a handsome wall, with this infcription over the gate in goldletters: Faliciffimam arborem quam in afylum potentiffimi regis Caroli II: Deus op. max. per quem reges regnant, hic crefcere voluit, &c.

ROYAL-fociety. See SOCIETY. ROYALTIES, the rights of the king, otherwife called the king's prerogative, and the regalia. See the articles PRERO. GATIVE and REGALIA. ROYAN, a cattle of France, in the pro

vince of Saintonge, fituated at the mouth of the river Garonne, thirty miles fouth of Rochelle.

ROYENA, AFICAN BLADDER-NUT, in botany, a genus of the decandria-digynia clafs of plants, the corolla whereof is formed of a fingle petal; the tube is of the length of the calyx; the limb is patent, reflex, and divided into five oval fegments; the fruit is a roundifh capfule, formed of four valves, marked with four furrows, but containing only one cell; the feeds are four oblong triangular nuts, included in a calyptra. ROYSTON, a market-town, fituated in the counties of Hertford and Cambridge, thirty-eight miles north of London. RUATAN, an island in the gulph of Hon

duras, in North America: west long. 89, and north lat. 16°, RUBARB. See the article RHUBARB. RUBBING. See the articles ATTRITION and FRICTION.

RUBELLIO, in ichthyology, the name whereby fome authors call the roach. See the article CYPRINUS,

RUBIA, MADDER, in botany, a genus of the tetrandria-monogynia clafs of plants, the corolla whereof confits of a single, plane acute petal, hollowed at the bafe, and divided into four fegments; the fruit confits of two fucculent, fmooth, round berries, growing together; the feed is fingle, roundish, and umbilicated. See plate CCXXXV. fig. 2.

For the feveral ufes of this plant in dying, &c. fee the article MADDER. RUBICAN, in the manege. A horfe is foid to be of a rubican colour, when of a hay, forrel, or black, with a light grey or wfiite upon the flanks, but fo that this grey or white is not predominant there. RUBIFYING, in chemistry, the act of turning a thing red by the force of fire, &c.

RUBIGALIA, in antiquity, a feast celebrated by the Romans, in honour of the god Rubigus, or the goddess Rubigo, to engage thofe deities to preferve the corn from blights and mildews.

The rubigalia were inflituted by Numa, in the eleventh year of his reign and were celebrated on the feventh of the calends of May.

RUBIGO, a disease incident to corn, com

monly called Mildew, being a species of blight. See the article BLIGHT, RUBININSKA, one of the northern provinces of Ruffia, bounded by the province of Dwina on the north, by Syrianes on the east, by Belozero on, the south, and by the lake of Onega on the west, RUBRIC, rubrica, in the cannon-law, fignifies a title or article in certain antient law-books; thus called because written, as the titles of the chapters in our antient Bibles are, in red letters. Rubrics alfo denote the rules and directions given at the beginning, and in the courfe of, the liturgy, for the order and manner in which the feveral parts of the office are to be performed. There are general rubrics and special rubrics, a ru bric for the communion, &c. In the romifh Miffal and breviary are rubrics for matins, for lauds, for tranflations, beatifications, commemorations, &c, RUBRICA, in natural hiftory, a name given to feveral kinds of marles and ochres, the two principal of which are the rubrica fabrilis of authors, being a foft heavy red marle, commonly called reddle, and ufed by painters, &c. See the articles MARLE