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humble fupplication, addressed to a king, or other fuperior, befeeching him to reflect on the inconveniences, or ill confequences of fome order, edict, or the like. This word is alfo used for an expoftulatory counsel, or advice; or a gentle and handfome reproof, made either in general, or particular, to apprize or correct some fault, &c.

REMORA, the SUCK-FISH, in ichthyology, a fpecies of echeneis. See ECHENEIS. This fingular fifh grows to about nine inches in length, and more than two in diameter in the largest part of the body, which is near the head, whence it becomes gradually smaller to the tail; the back is convex, the belly flat, and the fides are rounded by means of the ftructure of its head. This fish applies itself firmly to any folid body that it pleases; and is frequently found flicking to the bottom of fhips, and often to large fish. See plate CCXXX. fig. 3. REMOUNT, in war. To remount the cavalry, is to furnish troopers or dragoons with fresh horfes, instead of fuch as have been killed or difabled in the fervice.

REMOVER, in law, is where a fuit is removed or taken out of one court into another; and is the opposite of remanding a caufe, or fending it back into the fame court from whence it was first called. REMPLY, in heraldry, fomething filled up. The term is chiefly ufed to denote that the chief is quite filled up with a fquare piece of another colour, leaving only a bordure of the proper colour of the chief, about the faid piece. See plate CCXXIX. fig. 6.

RENAL, fomething belonging to the reins or kidneys. See the article KIDNEYS. For the renal glands, in anatomy, fee the article CAPSULE ATRABILIARIÆ. RENCOUNTER, in the military art, an engagement of two little bodies or parties of forces; in which fense it stands in oppofition to a pitched battle. See the article BATTLE.

In fingle combats, rencounter is used by way of contradiftinction to a duel, when perfons fall out and fight on the spot, without having premeditated the combat, RENCOUNTRE, or RENCONTRE, in heraldry, is applied to animals when they fhew the head in front, with both eyes, &c. or when the face ftands right forward, as if they came to meet the perfon before them.

RENDER, in law, fignifies to yield or re

turn a thing; and it is frequently made ufe of, in the levying of a fine, which is either fingle, on which nothing is given or rendered back by the cognisee; or double, containing a grant or render back of rent, &c. out of the land, to the cognifor. In another fense of this word, it is obferved, that there are fome things in a manor which lie in prender, that is, which may be taken by the lord or his officer, when they happen without any offer made by the tenant, fuch as efcheats, &c. and there are fome that lie in render, viz, fuch as may be rendered or answered by the tenant, as rents, heriots, and other fervices.

RENDEZVOUS, or RENDEVOUS, a place appointed to meet in, at a certain day and hour.

RENEALMIA, in botany, a genus of the hexandria-monogynia clafs of plants, the corolla whereof is long, erect, and of the infundibuliform-kind; the tube is of the length of the calyx; the limb is fhort,' plane, and divided into three fegments; the fruit is an ovato-oblong capsule, rounded, pointed at the edge and mark. ed with three furrows, formed of three valves, and containing three cells; the feeds are numerous, oblong, and have each a capillary plume. RENEGATE, or RENEGADO, a perfon who has apoftatized or renounced the christian faith, to embrace fome other religion, particularly mahometanism. RENES SUCCENTURIATI, in anatomy, the fame with the capfulæ atrabiliariæ. See CAPSULE ATRABILIARIÆ. RENFREW, a town of Scotland, the capital of the county of Renfrew, fituated on the river Clyde, forty-fix miles west of Edinburgh.

RENIFORM, fomething resembling the figure or shape of the kidneys. See the article KIDNEYS.

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RENITENCY, renitentia, among philofophers, that force in folid bodies, whereby they refift the impulse of other bodies, or re-act as much as they are acted on. See the article RE-ACTION, &c. RENNES, a city of France, capital of the province of Britany, fituated on the river Villaine: weft long. 1° 45', north lat. 48° s'.

RENNET. See the article RUNNET. RENT, reditus, in law, a fum of money, or other confideration, iffuing yearly out of lands or tenements.

Rents are usually diftinguished into three kinds, viz. rent-fervice, rent-charge,

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and rent-fec. Rent-fervice is where a perfon holds lands of his lord by fealty and certain rent, whilft the reverfion of lands continues in the grantor; and if his rent be behind-hand, the landlord may diftrain for it, without any covenant, Gr. Rent-charge is where a perfon, by deed, makes over his estate in fee-tail, or for term of life, where the whole intereft does pass; yet, by the fame deed, referves to himself a fum of money, to be paid him yearly, with a claufe therein, impowering him to diftrain in case of non-payment. Rent-fec, or a dry-rent, is that which a person, making over his estate by deed, referves yearly to be paid him, without any clause of diftrefs contained in the deed.

To these may be added a rent referved on leafes at will, called rents distrainable of common right: but this rent is due by the poffeffion only, which therefore muit be proved; whereas in leafes for years the rent becomes due on the contract, and the leffee must pay the fame, though he never enters on the land. A perfon may alfo hold a rent by prescription, as where he and his ancestors have been feifed thereof, and used to distrain for it, when in arrears, &c.

RENTAL fignifies a roll in which the rents of manors are fet down, in order for the lord's bailiff, thereby to collect the fame. It contains the lands let to each tenant, with their names, and the several rents arifing.

RENTERING, in the manufactories, the fame with fine.drawing. See the article Fine-DRAWING.

RENVERSE, INVERTED, in heraldry, is when any thing is fet with the head downwards, or contrary to its natural way of standing. Thus, a chevron renverfé, is a chevron with the point downwards. They ufe also the fame term when a beaft is laid on its back. RENUENTES, in anatomy, a pair of mufcles of the head, thus called as being antagonists to the annuentes, and serving to throw the head backwards. RENUNCIATION, renunciatio, the act of renouncing, abdicating, or relinquishing any right, real or pretended. Renunciations are fometimes exprefs, as by contracts, &c. fometimes tacit, as by contrary acts. To renounce an inheritance, community, &c..is to pass a folemn act before a notary or public officer, whereby a perfon declares he will not intermeddle in an inheritance or pro

fit in a company, but furrenders his part and quits all pretensions. REPAIRING, or REPARATION, reparatio, the act of retrieving, mending, or eltablishing a building or other work damaged or gone to decay. In respect to reparations, if a tenant or leffee cove nants that from and after the amend ment of the tenements by the leffor he will, at his own charge, keep and leave them in repair, in that cafe the leffee is not obliged to do the fame until the leffor has firft made good the reparations; and here if a house be well repaired at first, when the leafe began, and afterwards decays, it is faid the landlord muft put it in repair before the tenant is bound to keep it fo.

REPARATIONE FACIENDA, is a writ that lies in divers cafes, one of which is where there are tenants in common or joint tenants of a mill or house that is fallen to decay, and one of them is willing to repair the fame, but the others will not, in which cafe the party that is willing to repair it shall have this writ against the perfons refufing. Alfo if a perfon has a paffage over a bridge, and another ought to repair the fame, but fuffers it to decay, &c. this writ lies. REPARTEE, or REPARTY, a ready fmart reply, especially in matters of wit, humour, or raillery.

REPARTITION, a dividing or sharing a thing a fecond time.

REPAST, a meal or refection taken at a ftated hour.

In our old law-books it is particularly ufed for a meal's meat given to fervile tenants while at work for their lord. REPEALING, in law, the revoking or annulling of a ftatute, or the like. See ABROGATION and REVOCATION. No act of parliament shall be repealed the fame feffion in which it was made. A deed or will may be repealed for a part, and ftand good for the reft. It is held that' a pardon of felony may be repealed on difproving the fuggeftion thereof. REPEAT, in mufic, a character fhewing that what was laft played or fung mult be repeated or gone over again. See the article REPETITION.

The repeat ferves inftead of writing the fame thing twice over: there are two kinds of repeats, the great and small; the first is a double bar dotted on each fide, or a double bar dotted in the middle, or two parallel lines drawn per pendicularly across the ftaff, with dots

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on either hand. The form of which may be feen under CHARACTER in mufic. This fhews that the preceding train is to be repeated, that is, if it be near the beginning of the piece, all hitherto fung or played is to be repeated; or if towards the end thereof, all from fuch ano- ther mark. In gavots we ufually find the repeat at about a third part of the piece. In minutes, borees, courants, &c. towards the end, or in the laft ftrain: fome make this a rule, that if there be dots on each fide of the bars, they direct a repetition both of the preceding and following trains; if there be only dots on one fide the train, that fide alone is to be fung or played over again. The fmall repeat is when fome of the last measures of a train are to be repeated. This is denoted by a character fet over the place where the repeat begins (fee CHARACTER in mufic) and continues to the end of the strain.

REPEATING WATCHES. See WATCH. REPEHAM, a market-town of Norfolk, fituated eight miles north-west of Norwich. REPELLENTS, in medicine, remedies

which drive back a morbid humour into the mafs of blood from which it was unduly fecreted. To understand rightly, fays Quincy, the operation of repellents, it may be obferved, that thefe are medicines which prevent fuch an afflux of a fluid to any particular part as would raise it into a tumour; but to know how this may be effected, we must advert, that all tumours arife either from an increase in the velocity or quantity of the fluids, or a weakness in fome particular part; and fometimes both concur. An increase in the velocity of the fluids makes them more forcibly push against and diftend all the parts in their circuit. If, therefore, any part be unequally pressed or relaxed by external injuries, that will be more elevated than any other, and for want of equal refiftance with the reft of the body, will at length receive fuch a quantity of fluid as will raise it into a tumour, efpecially if any of its. veffels be obftructed; because the protrufion of fresh matter a tergo, will continue to add thereto until the part is upon the utmoft ftretch, and can hold no more. In this cafe all those means are faid to be repellent which check the growth of the tumour, and affist the refluent blood in taking up the obstructed matter, and washing it again into the common ftream. This intention is chiefly answered by evacuation and revulfion;

for whatever leffens the quantity of the fluid, will diminish the force upon the tumified part. A medicine comes to be repellent by confifting of fuch fubtil parts as may tranfmit fome of them through the pores, and help to render the obstructed matter more fluid, fo that it comes the more eafy to be loofened, and fall again into the circulating current. But in this cafe there is a hazard of fuch things likewife putting the obftructed humour into a ferment, whereby it fooner turns into pus, and then comes under the denomination of fuppuratives or ripeners. What, therefore, in the moft strict fenfe, is to be reputed a repeller, is that which aftringes and strengthens the part fo as to make it refift any fuch lodgment. These are fuch whofe qualities are most manifeft in their coldnefs and drying properties; but there are fo few instances wherein bandage is not better than any fuch application, that very little comes to be used for that purpofe. In hæmorrhages and oufings out of ferum, fo as to deform the skin, fimples of this nature moftly take place. which anfwer their ends by aftringing the fibres, whence thofe apertures are to closed as not to admit through them afterwards any fuch fluid. See TUMOUR, &c.

The most remarkable in the clafs of repellents are the white of an egg, the lapis calaminaris, litharge of gum, red lead, tutty, pampholyx, houfe-leek, putty, and cowweb. See the article EGG, &C. REPELLING POWER, vis repellens, in phys fics. See the article REPULSION. REPERCUSSION, in mechanics. See the article REFLECTION.

REPERCUSSION, in mufic, a frequent repetition of the fame found. See the article REPETITION.

This often happens in the modullation, where the effential chords of each mode of the harmonical triad are to be ftruck oftener than the reft: and of these three chords the two extremes, i. e. the final and the predominant one (which are properly there percuffions of each mode) oftener than the middle one.

REPERTORY, repertorium, a place wherein things are orderly difpofed, fo as to be easily found when wanted. The indices of books are repertories, fhewing where the matters fought for are treated of. Common place books are alfo kinds of repertories.

REPETITION, repetitio, the reiterating of an action.

REPETITION, in mufic, denotes a reiterat

ing or playing over again the fame part of a compofition, whether it be a hole ftrain, part of a train, or double ftrain, &. The repetition is denoted by a character called a repeat, which is varied fo as to exprefs the various circunftances of a repeat. See the article REPEAT. When the fong ends with a repetition of the first ftrain, or part of it, the repetition is denoted by da capo, or D. C. i. e. from the beginning..

Repetition or reply is also used in music when after a little filence one part repeats or runs over the fame notes, the fame intervals, the fame motions, and, in a word, the fame fong which a first part had already gone over during the filence of this, and is nearly the fame with figure. See FIGURE and IMITATION.

Repetition. or reply, is also a doubling trebling, &c. of an interval or reiteration of fome confonance or diffonance, as a fifteenth is a repetition of the octave, i.e. double octave, or second octave. See the articles OCTAVE and INTERVAL. REPETITION, in rhetoric, a figure which gracefully and emphatically repeats ei ther the fame word, or the fame fense in different words.

In the use of this figure care is to be used that we run not into infipid tautologies, nor affect a trifling found and chime of infignificant words. All turns and repetitions are fo that do not contribute to the ftrength and lustre of the discourse, or at least one of them. The nature and defign of this figure is to make deep impreffion's on those we addrefs. It expreffes anger and indignation, full afforance of what we affirm, and a vehement concern for what we have espoused. REPLANTING, in gardening, the act of planting a fecond time. See PLANTING. REPLEADER, replacitare, in law, is to plead over again what was once pleaded before. REPLEGIARE, in law, fignifies to redeem a thing taken or detained by another, by putting in legal fureties. REPLEGIARE DE AVERIIS, is a writ which is brough: by him whofe cattle is diftrained or impounded for any cause by another perfon, on fecurity being given to the theriff to profecute or answer the action at law. REPLETION, in medicine, a plenitude or plethora. See PLETHORA. Repletion is more dangerous than inanition. Bleeding and diet are the great VOL. IV.

refources whence a perfon is incommod. ed with a repletion.

Repletion is fometimes alfo ufed where the ftomach is overloaden with too much eating or drinking. The phyficians hold all repletion to be prejudicial, but that of bread is of all others the worst, REPLETION, in the canon law, is where the revenue of a benefice or benefices is fufficient to fill or occupy the whole right or title of the graduate who holds them. Where there is a repletion, the party can dem ad ro more by virtue of his de. grees. In England, where benefices are not appropriated to degrees, repletion, Ari&tly speaking, has no place.

REPLEVIN, in law, a remedy granted on a diftrefs, by which the firft poffeffor has his goods restored to him again, on his giving fecurity to the fheriff that he wil purfue his action against the party die ftraining, and return the goods or cattle, if the taking them fhall be adjudged lawful.

In a replevin the perfon diftrained be comes plaintiff, and the perfon diftrain. ing is called the defendant or avowant, and his juftification an avowry.

At the common law replevins are by writ, either cut of the king's bench or common pleas; but by ftatute, they are by plaint in the fheriff's court, and court. baron, for a perfon's more speedily ob. taining the goods diftrained,

If a plaint in replevin be removed into the court of king's bench, &c. and the plaintiff makes default and becomes nonfuit, or judgment is given against him, the defendant in replevin fhall have the writ of retorno habendo of the goods taken in diftrefs. See REPLEVY. REPLEVISH, in law, fignifies to admit one to mainprife upon furety, See the article MAINPRISE,

and fold.

REPLEVY, in law, is a tenant's bringing a writ of replevin, or rep'egiari facias, where his goods are taken by distress for rent; which must be done within five days after the diftrefs, otherwife at the five days end, they are to be appraised 2 W. and M. c. 5. This word is alfo ufed for bailing a per, fon, as in the cafe of a homine reple giando. REPLICATION, in logic, the affuming or using the fame term twice in the fame propofition.

REPLICATION, in the courts of common law, fignifies an exception or answer made 16 B

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by the plaintiff to the defendant's plea; in the court of chancery, it is what the complainant replies to the defendant's answer.

REPORT, the relation made upon oath, by officers or perfons appointed to visit, examine, or estimate the state, expences, &c. of any thing. REPORT, in law, is a public relation of cafes judicially argued, debated, refolved or adjudged in any of the king's courts of justice, with the caufes and reasons of the fame, as delivered by the judges. Alfo when the court of chancery, or any other court, refers the ftating of a cafe, or the comparing of an account to a mafter of chancery, or other referee, his certificate thereon is called a report. REPOSE, in poetry, &c. the fame with reft and paufe. See REST, &c. REPOSE, in painting, certain masses or large affemblages of light and shade, which being well conducted, prevent the confufion of objects and figures, by engaging and fixing the eye fo as it cannot attend to the other parts of the painting for fome time; and thus leading it to confider the feveral groups gradually, proceeding, as it were, from ftage to stage.

REPOSITORY, a stone house, or place in which things are laid up, and preferved. In this fenfe we fay, the repofitory of the royal fociety. See MUSEUM. REPRESENTATION, in the drama, the exhibition of a theatrical piece, together with the fcenes, machines, &c. REPRESENTATIVE, one who perfo. nates or fupplies the place of another, and is invefted with his right and authority. Thus the houfe of commons are the reprefentatives of the people in parliament. See PARLIAMENT. REPRIEVE, or REPRIVE, in law, is fufpending or deferring the execution of the law upon a prifoner for a certain time; or a warrant from the king for deferring the execution of a perfon condemned. Every judge, who has the power of paffing fentence on criminals, has also the power to reprieve them: but in London, no person convicted of felony can be reprieved without the king's warrant. However, where a woman is condemned for treafon or felony, and, upon pleading her belly, is found to be quick with child, execution is of courfe refpited, and the woman becomes reprieved till her delivery but this favour can only he granted once, The execution of offenders

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is frequently stayed by reprieve, upon condition of transportation.

REPRISALS, a right which princes claim of taking from their enemies any thing equivalent to what they unjustly detain from them.

Reprifals is also used for a letter of marque granted by a prince to his fubject. See the article MARQUE.

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REPRISE, or REPRIZE, at sea, is a merchant fhip which, after its being taken by a corfair, privateer, or other enemy, is retaken by the oppofite party.

If a veffel thús retaken has been twentyfour hours in the poffeffion of the enemy, it is deemed a lawful prize; but if it be. retaken within that time, it is to be reftored to the proprietor, with every thing therein, upon his allowing one third to the veffel who made the reprise. Also if the reprise has been abandoned by the enemy, either in a tempeft or from any other caufe, before it has been led into any port, it is to be restored to the proprietor.

REPRIZES, in law, are deductions or

payments annually made out of a manor or lands; as rent-charges, penfions, annuities, &c.

REPROBATION, in theology, a decree by which God is fuppofed either from all eternity, or from the creation of the world, to confign over to eternal mifery the greatest part of mankind, and to fave none of the human race, except those whom he made the heirs of glory by election.

Cafuifts diftinguish two kinds of reprobation, pofitive and negative. Pofitive reprobation, is that by which God is fuppofed to create men with a positive and abfolute refolution to damn them eternally and negative reprobation, is that whereby God, though he creates all men with a fincere defire to fave them, and furnishes them with all the neceffary, means of alvation, so that all may be faved that will; yet fees there are several who will not do it, with the aids he shall afford them, and fees at the fame time, they would do it with certain other aids, which he fees, but will not give them. REPRODUCTION, the act whereby a thing is produced anew, or grows a fecond time,

The reproduction of feveral parts of lobfters, crabs, &c. is one of the greatest curiofities in natural hiftory. It seems, indeed, inconfiftent with the modern system of generation, which fuppofes the animal

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