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DICTIONARY

O F

ARTS and SCIENCES;

COMPREHENDING ALL

The Branches of Ufeful Knowledge,

WITH

ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS as well of the
various MACHINES, INSTRUMENTS, TOOLS, FIGURES,
and SCHEMES neceffary for illuftrating them,

AS OF

The Claffes, Kinds, Preparations, and Ufes of NATURAL
PRODUCTIONS, whether ANIMALS, VEGETABLES,
MINERALS, FOSSILS, or FLUIDS;

Together with

The KINGDOMS, PROVINCES, CITIES, Towns, and
other remarkable Places throughout the WORLD.

Illuftrated with above Three Hundred COPPER-PLATES,
engraved by Mr. JEFFERYS, Geographer to His MAJESTY,
The Whole extracted from the Beft AUTHORS in all Languages.

By a SOCIETY of GENTLEMEN.

The SECOND EDITION,

With many ADDITIONS, CORRECTIONS, and other IMPROVEMENTS.

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Printed for W. OWEN, at Homer's Head, in Fleet-ftreat.
M DCC LXIV.

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

GIFT OF

DANIEL B. FEARING

30 JUNE 1918

A NEW AND COMPLETE

DICTIONARY

O F

ARTS and SCIENCES.

R,

RAB

or r, a liquid confonant, being the feventeenth letter of our alphabet. Its found is formed by a guttural extrusion of the breath, vibrated through the mouth, with a fort of quivering motion of the tongue drawn from the teeth, and cannulated with the tip a little elevated towards the palate. In greek words it is frequently afpirated with an b after it, as in rhapfody, rhe. toric, &c. otherwife it is always followed by a vowel at the beginning of words and fyllables.

In the notes of the antients, R. or RO.
fignifies Roma; R. C. Romana civitas ;
R. G. C. rei gerenda caufa ; R. F. E. D.
relle factum & dictum; RG. F. regis
filius R. P. res publica, or Romani
principes; and R. R. R. F. F. F. res
Romana ruet ferro, fame, flamma.
Ufed as a numeral, R antiently food
for eighty, and with a dash over it, thus
R, for eighty thousand; but the greek
r, or, fignified an hundred.

In the prefcriptions of phyficians, R or
B ftands for recipe, i. e. take.
RAAB, a city of lower Hungary, fituated

at the confluence of the rivers Danube
and Raab, and fubject to the houfe of
Auftria: caft longitude 18°, north lati-

tude 48°. RABATE, in falconry, is faid of a hawk, when by the motion of the hand, lure, &c. the leaves off purfuing her prey or quarry.

RAB

RABBETING, in carpentry, the planning, or cutting of channels or grooves in boards, &c.

In fhip-carpentry, it fignifies the letting in of the planks of the fhip into the keel; which, in the rake and run of a fhip, is hollowed away, that the planks may join the closer. RABBI, or RABBINS, a title which the pharifees and doctors of the law among the Jews affumed, and literally fignifies mafters, or excellents.

There were feveral gradations before they arrived at the dignity of a rabbin, which was not conferred till they had acquired the profoundeft knowledge of the law and the traditions. It does not however appear, that there was any fixed age, or previous examination neceffary; but when a man had diftinguished himself by his fkill in the written and oral law, and paffed through the fubordinate degrees, he was faluted a rabbin by the public voice.

Among the modern Jews, for near seven bundred years paft, the learned men retain no other title than that of rabbi, or rabbins: they have great respect paid them, have the first places or feats in their fynagogues, determine all matters of controverfy, and frequently pronounce upon civil affairs: they have even a power to excommunicate the dif obedient. RABBINET, a fmall piece of ordnance, 15 R 2 between

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