natives entered into familiar intercourse with their visitors from across the sea. A number of them were invited on board Magellan's own ship, but a gun having been fired for their entertainment, they were driven into such a panic of fear that they were fain to leap overboard. Good usage, however, and a distribution of presents, soon overcame their fears. They called their island Zulvan, a name not now borne upon our maps. It was small in size, but rich in natural products. Pigafetta professes to have seen on board their canoes various kinds of spices, such as cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs, ginger, and mace; but as these are unknown in the Ladrones, we suspect that their introduction was due to his imagination. Though without clothing, these people were ornamented in a much more costly manner than Europeans; they had gold earrings in each ear, and various jewels attached to their arms by gold fastenings; their daggers, knives, and spears were enriched with the same metal. Their sole attire, however, was a kind of cloth apron, ingeniously made from the rind of a tree. The richer natives wore a piece of silk, ornamented with needlework, round their heads. These islanders were stout, broad, and well set on their limbs, of an olive complexion, and their skin shining with frequent applications of cocoa-nut oil.

Magellan resumed his voyage on the 21st of March 1521, and, steering in a south-westerly direction, threaded his way among a group of islands which Pigafetta calls Cerralo, Huinaughan, Hibussan, and Abarian. None of these have been satisfactorily identified. On the 28th he reached the isle of Buthuan (Mindanao), where he was warmly welcomed by the king and prince, who gave them considerable presents of gold and spices. On the other hand,

Magellan presented the king with two cloth vests, and distributed knives, and mirrors, and glass-beads among the natives. Two Spaniards escorted the king and his nobles on their return to the shore-one of whom was Antonio Pigafetta, the wonder-loving and highly imaginative chronicler of the expedition. On landing, the king and his attendants all raised their hands to heaven, and were imitated by the two Christians, who discovered that this ceremony was also used in drinking. The royal palace resembled a great hayloft, raised so high upon great posts of timber, that access to it could be obtained only by ladders. Its roof was thatched with palm-leaves. Though not Christians, these islanders always made the sign of the cross at their meals, at which they sat cross-legged like tailors. At night, instead of candles, they burnt the gum of a tree wrapped up in palm-leaves. After entertaining them in their respective palaces, the king and prince of Buthuan dismissed Pigafetta and his companion with splendid presents. Their guests were to them as men elevated above the rank of common mortals. Their acquirements moved their admiration; and especially Pigafetta's skill in writing and in reading what he had written a mystery beyond their comprehension.

Pigafetta, with a noble disregard for facts, goes on to assert that in this island, by sifting the soil of a certain mine, it was possible to procure large lumps of gold, some of the size of walnuts, and others as big as eggs. All the vessels used at the royal table were made, he said, of solid gold. These statements were undoubtedly put forward to dazzle the popular imagination, and inflame the cupidity of adventurers. The king he describes as a very comely personage, olive-complexioned, with long black hair; his body anointed with the perfumed oils of storax and benzoin,

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and painted in a variety of colours. He wore rings of gold in his ears, and three rings of gold on each of his fingers. His head-gear consisted of a silken veil or turban, and his body was clothed to the knees in a cotton robe, embroidered with silk and gold. He carried at his side a sword or dagger with a golden haft, and a scabbard of carved wood. So rich was his country that one of the natives offered a crown of massy gold in exchange for six strings of glass beads; but Magellan would not allow any such inequitable bargain, lest the Spaniards might be deemed too avaricious.

The natives were lively and active. The common men wore no clothes, but painted their bodies; the women were clothed from the waist downwards; both sexes wore gold earrings. They all continually chewed areka, a fruit like a pear, which they cut into quarters, rolling it up in a betel-leaf; and they alleged, as do our European tobacco-smokers and dram-drinkers to this day, that without this practice they could not live. They observed no other religious rite than those we have already mentioned, of raising to heaven their joined hands, and calling on their god Abba. Magellan caused a banner of the cross, blazoned with the crown of thorns and the nails, to be exhibited publicly, and have reverence done to it, in the king's presence; and he desired the king to have it erected on the summit of a high mountain in the island, as a token that Christians might expect good entertainment in his country, and also as a security for the safety of his people, who, if they prayed to the Divinity, would infallibly obtain protection against storms, and lightnings, and other evils. Thi he king readily promised, glad, no doubt, to purmunity against lightning and thunder on have seemed to him very easy terms.

The king's pilots now conducted Magellan's ships to a group of islands which Pigafetta calls Zeilon, Zubut, Massana, and Caleghan. Zubut was the largest, and enjoyed the largest trade. In Massana they found dogs, cats, hogs, poultry, goats, rice, ginger, cocoa-nuts, millet, panic, barley, figs, oranges, wax, and plenty of gold. This island lies in lat. 9° 40' N., and long. 162° from the Spanish meridian. After remaining here for eight days, they sailed to the north-west, passing the islands of Zeilon, Bohol, Cangher, Barbai, and Caleghan. In the last of these, bats as large as eagles abounded. When dressed, they ate like poultry. In this same island, among various other birds, was a kind something like the European hen, but with small horns, which buried their eggs in the sand, and left them there to be hatched by the sun's heat. Caleghan is described as lying about twenty miles west from Massana, and Zubut (Zubu), to which Magellan now directed his course, as fifty leagues west from Caleghan. All these islands belong to the great group of the Philippines. Magellan was accompanied on this voyage by the King of Massana, whom he had strongly attached to him by numerous kindly services.

They entered the port of Zebu on the 7th of April, with the Spanish colours flying, and firing a general salute-a ceremony not understood by the inhabitants, whom this new kind of thunder threw into a state of consternation. Their minds, however, were soon set at ease by the arrival of a messenger from the ships, to assure the king of Zebu that the salute was simply a compliment to his dignity, and to inform him that the Spanish admiral, having heard of his high repute from the King of Massana, had come to visit him on his way to the Moluccas. The messenger went on to request that the Spaniards might be fur

and painted in a variety of colours. He wore rings of gold in his ears, and three rings of gold on each of his fingers. His head-gear consisted of a silken veil or turban, and his body was clothed to the knees in a cotton robe, embroidered with silk and gold. He carried at his side a sword or dagger with a golden haft, and a scabbard of carved wood. So rich was his country that one of the natives offered a crown of massy gold in exchange for six strings of glass beads; but Magellan would not allow any such inequitable bargain, lest the Spaniards might be deemed too avaricious.

The natives were lively and active. The common men wore no clothes, but painted their bodies; the women were clothed from the waist downwards; both sexes wore gold earrings. They all continually chewed areka, a fruit like a pear, which they cut into quarters, rolling it up in a betel-leaf; and they alleged, as do our European tobacco-smokers and dram-drinkers to this day, that without this practice they could not live. They observed no other religious rite than those we have already mentioned, of raising to heaven their joined hands, and calling on their god Abba. Magellan caused a banner of the cross, blazoned with the crown of thorns and the nails, to be exhibited publicly, and have reverence done to it, in the king's presence; and he desired the king to have it erected on the summit of a high mountain in the island, as a token that Christians might expect good entertainment in his country, and also as a security for the safety of his people, who, if they prayed to the Divinity, would infallibly obtain protection against storms, and lightnings, and other evils. This the king readily promised, glad, no doubt, to purchase immunity against lightning and thunder on what must have seemed to him very easy terms.