The Shipley Collection of Scientific Papers, Band 371894 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
4-celled stage 8-celled acquired characters adaptation adult Amphioxus animals annelids appears archoplasm Baer's law become Befruchtung bilateral blasto blastomeres blastopore blastula body BOVERI breed causes of variation centrosomes chromatin chromosomes cleavage constitution corresponding Darwin differentiation dimorphism direction disappear divide division Echinus eggs Eikern embryo evolution existence external fact factors female fertilized fibres figures gastrula germ-plasm Hertwig horns idioplasm individual influence inheritance intra-selection Kern larva larvæ less Limax limbs lower pole male ment metameres micromeres modification natural selection Nebenkern Nereis Noctiluca normal nuclear nucleus Obelia observed occur organs origin ovaries ovum physiological plants Plate Polyspermie position primary constituents produced protoplasm quartet radial regeneration reproductive cells result rings Roux seen segmentation sexual shown side similar somatic cells species Spermakern spermatozoa spindle spiral spiral cleavage spore-formation stimulus structure T. H. MORGAN take place Theilung theory tion tissue unsegmented tract Weismann workers yolk
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 10 - I had not formerly sufficiently considered the existence of many structures which appear to be, as far as we can judge, neither beneficial nor injurious; and this I believe to be one of the greatest oversights as yet detected in my work.
Seite 32 - ... no shadow of reason can be assigned for the belief that variations, alike in nature and the result of the same general laws, which have been the groundwork through natural selection of the formation of the most perfectly adapted animals in the world, man included, were intentionally and specially guided.
Seite 50 - Dog: — the yelk of that egg always undergoes division, or segmentation as it is often called: the ultimate products of that segmentation constitute the building materials for the body of the young animal; and this is built up round a primitive groove, in the floor of which a notochord is developed.
Seite 8 - Animal Life" (1877) we have the best systematized effort to bring together the direct causes of variation, and no one who has read through its pages can doubt the direct modifying influences of nutrition, light, temperature, water at rest and in motion, atmosphere still or in motion, etc., or question his conclusion that no power which is able to act only as a selective and not as a transforming influence can ever be exclusively put forth as a causa efficiens of the phenomena.
Seite 30 - It has always pleased me to exalt plants in the scale of organized beings, and I have therefore felt an additional pleasure in showing how many and what well adapted movements the tip of a root possesses.
Seite 50 - In my possession are two little embryos in spirit, whose names I have omitted to attach, and at present I am quite unable to say to what class they belong. They may be lizards, or small birds, or very young mammalia, so complete is the similarity in the mode of formation of the head and trunk in these animals.
Seite 18 - ALONG with that inadequacy of natural selection to explain changes of structure which do not aid life in important ways, alleged in § 166 of " The Principles of Biology," a further inadequacy was alleged. It was contended that the relative powers of co-operative parts cannot be adjusted solely by survival of the fittest ; and especially where the parts are numerous and the cooperation complex.
Seite 37 - ... Weismann's hypothesis. They show that there is none of the alleged independence of the reproductive cells, but that the two sets of cells are in close communion. They prove that while the reproductive cells multiply and arrange themselves during the evolution of the embryo, some of their germ-plasm passes into the mass of somatic cells constituting the parental body, and becomes a permanent component of it.
Seite 25 - He argues that so long as the parent form remained most in harmony with the surrounding conditions it would maintain in the struggle for existence its characteristics against all tendency to vary in its offspring ; which is equivalent to saying that it will remain unchanged so long as the environment remains the same. He then shows that in organisms in which the reproductive period covers many years, accelerated development by primogeniture, ie, as between the first born and the last born of any...
Seite 59 - A peculiar and, it seems to be, an inexplicable fact is, that previous pregnancies have an influence upon offspring. This is well known to breeders of animals. If pure-blooded mares or bitches have been once covered by an inferior male, in subsequent fecundations the young are likely to partake of the character of the first male, even if they be afterwards bred with males of unimpeachable pedigree.