Economic Evaluation of Long-Life Pavements Phase 1: Phase 1OECD Publishing, 18.03.2005 - 120 Seiten With maintenance costs accounting for a large proportion of road budgets, this report assesses the economic and technical feasibility of innovative wearing courses for long life road pavements. While having higher initial costs, such wearing courses have the potential to dramatically reduce recurrent road maintenance requirements and user costs and could also reduce overall costs significantly, under circumstances outlined in the report. |
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AADT addition advanced surfacing agencies aggregate allow alternative analysis asphalt assess binder bitumen carried Chapter characteristics climatic compared composite concrete consideration considered construction costs countries Crack seal delays discount rates durability economic effect epoxy established evaluation examined example existing expected factors Figure flow friction further graded heavy higher Identify important improved increase indicates initial costs levels loading long-life pavement surface long-life wearing courses lower maintenance materials measure methods Mill modified noise noted OECD options particularly paving performance period Phase polymer production properties range reduce replace resistance risk road rutting savings selected skid resistance Source standard strategies strength structural surface layers Table temperature tensile tests thermal thickness traditional traffic transport treatment types typical United user costs various vehicles whole-life cost