Conflict and Transformation: The United States, 1844-1877

abolitionism abolitionist accepted administration Amendment American annexation antislavery argued argument army attack authority became Britain Calhoun Carolina cause Charles Sumner cities Civil command committed compromise Confederacy Confederate conflict Congress congressional Constitution decision defeat Democrats Douglas economic election emancipation equal federal force Fourteenth Amendment Free Soil Free Soilers freedmen Grant hoped independence interests issue Jefferson Davis labor land large numbers leaders legislature Lincoln majority ment Mexico military Missouri Compromise moral move Negro nomic North northern organization planters political politicians Polk popular President problems proslavery racial Radical railroad Reconstruction Republican party secession secessionists seemed Senate slave slave power slave-owners slavery social South Carolina southern society Sumner territories Texas Thaddeus Stevens tion tional towns traditional troops Union Union army Unionists United University Press upper South victory Virginia vote West Whigs Wilmot Proviso York