Sir Moses, Sir Aaron, Sir Jamramajee, Two stock-jobbing Jews, and a shroffing Parsee, And, instead of the Red Cross, have hoisted Balls Three. Now fancy our Sovereign, so gracious and bland, With the sword of Saint George in her royal right hand, In the mystical meanings of Chivalry's rites. "You have come from the bath, all in milk-white array, "This scarf of deep red o'er your vestments I throw, "These slippers of silk, of the colour of earth, Are in sign of remembrance of whence you had birth; "This blow of the sword, on your shoulder-blades true, "This belt of white silk, which no speck has defaced, And binds you to prove, whatsoever betides, Of damsels distressed, the friends, champions, and guides. II. Now fancy these Knights, when the speech they have heard, Thus simply and candidly making reply: "By your Majesty's grace we have risen up Knights, "True, with bulls and with bears we have battled our cause; "With two nations in arms, friends impartial to both, "We have small taste for championing maids in distress: To Premium and Bonus our homage we plight; 66 Percentage!" we cry: and "A fig for the right!" ""Twixt Saint George and the Dragon, we settle it thus: Now God save our Queen, and if aught should occur, God send that the leader, who faces the foe, May have more of King Richard than Moses and Co.' * In Stock Exchange slang, Bulls are speculators for a rise, Bears for a fall. A lame duck is a man who cannot pay his differences, and is said to waddle off. The patriotism of the money-market is well touched by Ponsard, in his comedy La Bourse: Acte IV. Scène 3: Correction in Chapter XII., page 762 of this Magazine for June, line 39: For the sons of Marius and Cicero-read, the sons of Marcus Oppius and Quintus Cicero. Caius Marius the younger, in the proscription of Sulla, and Marcus Cicero the younger, in the proscription of the second triumvirate, were as faithful to their fathers as the circumstances they were placed in permitted; but the most conspicuous examples of filial piety to the proscribed were those above substituted. It is also more fitting to take both examples from the proscription specially referred to by Paterculus. ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY IN LIFE. NOT long since it was inciden- fore throughout presume that a man tally remarked in the pages of this Magazine, that 'energy, under the guidance of judgment, seemed to be the most important of practical qualities.' A critical examination of history and life would probably show that energy is more essential to this success than most other qualities put together. Without it, men of the rarest intellectual gifts advance themselves, or their states, if they are rulers, but little or not at all; though their gifts may be of a working character, as good sense, perception of opportunities, capacity to form plans of their own, or to estimate correctly the plans of others, and with these may be conjoined the power of attracting or influencing mankind. On the other hand, men with none of their high or amiable qualities, but possessed of great energy, succeed beyond expectation, and even, as the phrase is, beyond belief. Of course it is not meant that simple energy will of itself suffice. Without some judgment, energy will resemble the strength of a blind giant, and probably produce mischief, or even danger, to its possessor as well as to other people. It must also be accom panied by something akin to what in art and the belles lettres is called invention, but which quality in philosophy and worldly affairs is a correct perception, from the many courses before a man, of that which will best lead to the desired end. Under energy, too, must be included some other qualities necessary to action, as perseverance, whether in the more passive form of watching and waiting patiently, or the more active phase of vigorous proceeding at the right time. Of course, too, some knowledge of the vocation followed is implied. Mere energy will not of itself constitute a great general, without some knowledge of military art or experience in war; neither will it enable a man to make his fortune in a business of which he knows nothing. We there VOL. LXII. NO. CCCLXVII. possesses some knowledge of the pursuit he engages in, and has the average natural ability necessary for its exercise. So great, however, is the effect of mere energy as the predominating quality in a character, that indifferent plans pressed with resolute vigour often reach a triumphant success; while far superior designs, if carried out in a common spirit, fail altogether, or fall very short of the expectations formed of them. In common life, though determined pushing often succeeds, it sometimes fails from the distaste it causes. In great affairs, where it is not favour, but apprehension or contest that induces success, the energy which threatens or forces mostly gets the best of the business. The present time furnishes a remarkable instance of this; for, except the battles of the Italian campaigns, the successes of Louis Napoleon have been chiefly gained by a determination to attain them. A still more remarkable instance is that of Garibaldi, whose wonderful energy has just effected results unparalleled in history; for though revolutions as startling may have taken place, the means have been more obvious, and success less entirely owing to a single man. Energy indeed is not the only quality of this wonderful hero; for all his qualities are wonderful, especially his simple magnanimity and childlike faith. But it is energy, and the gift of infusing energy into others, that most conduces to Garibaldi's success. It may be worth while to illustrate our position by a few examples in the leading pursuits of public life; and first, of the soldier. In war, indeed, every one will admit its necessity; but a little examination will show that energy and its cognate qualities are even more important than they seem at the first blush, excelling more directly professional gifts and acquirementsthat is, activity and resolution, with moderate military abilities, produce greater effects than the highest E a strategical and tactical genius without them. Every one has heard of Turenne as one of the greatest masters in the art of war, and historical readers know him as general whose military character and campaigns Napoleon, in the leisure of St. Helena, submitted to elaborate analysis and commentary. The name of his rival, Montecuculli, is also a familiar word; but few can call to mind much that they did, and for the simple reason that they did but little. The courage of the soldiers and the improved nature of military weapons rendered their battles and sieges less like a game of chess than the campaigns of the Italian condottieri of the middle ages. But the results that followed from the campaigns of Turenne and Montecuculli were often nearly similar to those of the bloodless Italian wars of the mercenary condottieri, and, as Captain Brabazon points out in his Soldiers and their Science, entirely for want of that energy which in action never stops till it has got all that circumstances will permit it to gain. Of all that can be learnt in schools of the art of war, of its theories and technicalities, Turenne was a perfect master. His plans of campaign, the fruits of study and meditation, were, if not altogether faultless, at least superior in originality and boldness of design, in scope and scientific combination, to those of his immediate predecessors, with the exception of Gustavus (Adolphus). Some of his marches may be ranked with those of Napoleon and Marlborough; but when the hour of decisive action had arrived, Turenne displayed all his inferiority to those great generals. marked The campaigns of the Rhine are by the same vigour of conception and fruitlessness of result. We cannot refuse to admire the refined subtlety, the wily devices of Turenne and Montecuculli; but their attitude reminds us rather of two expert fencers, at an assault of arms, playing with buttoned foils, and exhibiting their easy graces and elaborate science, than of men really bent on the stern business of life and death. They advance and retreat, they feint and parry, march and countermarch, manœuvre and outmanœuvre with tedious caution and perseverance; but we wait in vain for the fatal stroke. We miss the eager eye and the ready hand of a Cromwell or a Condé, inspired by their soldier instinct when to launch forth their strength, and stake everything.on the result of a single blow. The fact cannot be concealed that these two celebrated rivals of the seventeenth century, although personally brave, often wanted nerve and moral resolution at the critical moment of action.-Soldiers and their Science, by Captain Brabazon, R.A., pp. 156, 157. The French rival of Turenne, the great Condé,' may not bear so high a general, and certainly not so high a technical, reputation as Turenne, but his battles are probably better known, because they were productive of greater results, or at least might have been, had they been thoroughly followed out. As a scientific soldier, Condé might be much inferior to Turenne; but he had a quick coup d'œil to seize the turning points of a battle, a prompt readiness to avail himself of them, and an energetic determination in carrying out his operations. These qualities gained his first and greatest battle, that of Rocroi; and in defiance of technical rules, if not of received precautions. Paul Louis Courier, indeed, has made Rocroi a text for intimating that there is no such thing as the military art. I am ready to believe, since everybody says it, that there is an art in war; but you must acknowledge that it is the only one which requires no apprenticeship. It is the only art one knows without ever having learned it. In all others, study and time are requisite. One begins by being a scholar; but in this, one is at once a master; and if one has the least talent for it, one accomplishes one's chefd'œuvre at the same time with one's coup d'essai A young prince of eighteen posts down from the court, gives a battle, gains it, and then he is a great captain for the rest of his life, and the greatest captain in the world. Besides exaggeration, there is some inaccuracy here; for Condé was in his twenty-first year, and had served in two campaigns, which, though of no great extent or importance, must have given him some practical knowledge of 'the art of war.' They were equivalent to two years' apprentice 1860.] Energy of Caesar and Hannibal. ship.' There is, however, justice in the satire, if we omit to consider that in matters of action energetic activity is the one thing needful. The reputation of Julius Cæsar, all things considered, exceeds that of any other king or conqueror. It has probably sustained the fame of Pompey, merely by the latter being associated with Cæsar as his rival, so that Cæsar has rendered each 'familiar in the mouth as household words,' by giving names to dogs and negroes. Of the varied abilities and accomplishments of Cæsar it is needless to speak;* but such variety of acquisition and such incessant exertion as his life was passed in, required wonderful energy as the basis of his character. Though his merits as a soldier have become proverbial, yet his military skill does not appear to have been so great as that of some men with far less reputation; nor can he, like Epaminondas, claim the discovery of any great principle of war. As Dr. Arnold remarks, it was Cæsar's rapidity that often secured his successes. 'As a general,' says that historian, 'it is needless to pronounce his eulogy; we may observe, however, that the quality which most contributed to his success on several occasions was his great activity; and although this may seem a virtue no way peculiar to men of superior minds, yet in the practical business of life there is none which produces more important results. Nor is it in fact an ordinary quality when ... 65 exhibited in persons invested with extensive power, for then it implies quickness and decision in difficulties, than which nothing confers on one man a more commanding superiority over others.'t A glance at the life of Hannibal will show that energy was the leading quality of that great commander, though every battle, and almost every movement, was distinguished by some special military skill, or the illustration of some leading principle of war. His whole course, however, exhibited those general qualities of perseverance, determination, promptness, and, in short, of energy, that are available in every branch of active life. His resolution to brave the whole power of Rome by provoking a war-the invasion of Italy by a route which was a march of discovery as much as a military operation-his passages of the Rhone and of the Alps-his long continuance in Italy, though unsupported by Carthage, and when at length defeated and driven from his country, the zeal with which he sought throughout the world to raise up enemies against Rome, at an age when time and toil might naturally have chilled his ardour, are examples of the rarest energy; and if this particular trait does not strike the mind conspicuously at the first glance, it is perhaps owing to the exact proportion in which every military quality was united in his mind, rendering him by the common consent of soldiers as well * But Cæsar has other claims on history besides that of political pre-eminence.. As the historian of his own exploits he was reputed second to no writer of his class who had arisen in Rome; as an orator, to none perhaps but Cicero. He wrote on grammar; he wrote on augury and astronomy; he wrote tragedies, and verses of society; he wrote a satire in prose, which he called his Anti-Cato. But while other illustrious men have been celebrated in some one department of genius, the concurrent voice of antiquity averred that Cæsar was excellent in all. He had genius,' says Cicero, 'understanding, memory, taste, reflection, industry, and exactness.' 'He was great,' repeats a modern writer, 'in everything he undertook, as a captain, a statesman, a lawgiver, a jurist, an orator, a poet, an historian, a grammarian, a mathematician, and an architect.' And as if to complete the picture of the most perfect specimen of human ability, we are assured that in all the exercises of the camp his skill and vigour were not less conspicuous. He fought at the most perilous moments in the ranks of his soldiers; he could manage his charger without the use of reins, and he saved his life at Alexandria by his expertness as a swimmer.-The Fall of the Roman Republic, by Charles Merivale, B.D. 109. + Dr. Arnold's History of the Later Roman Commonwealth, vol. ii. pp. 108, |