the discrepancy which his archæological note in x.10 would introduce into the original story.

(3) This appears to us a very strained interpretation of the words in x.25.

(4) Plainly all the earth' in xi.1 means 'all the inhabitants of the earth,' as in ix.19,x.25, not all the kingdom'-the kingdom of whom ?-since the account about Nimrod in x.8-12 is separated from this by a long intervening passage; and that account, moreover, was, according to BOEHMER, written mainly by the Jehovist, not the Compiler.

(5) Yet, as BOEHMER himself says, p.160, 'Since more than a few sons and grandsons of Noah must have been required for building a city and so colossal a tower, we must suppose the descendants of Noah to have become already the heads of numerous families and tribes,'-i. e. we must suppose, what J does, that the event in question did not take place till the days of Peleg, x.25, the fifth from Noah. (6) HUPFELD's difficulties also are all removed by regarding 1.8-12 as a later interpolation.

57. xi.10-32, Elohist, except v.28-30.

This table evidently continues the Elohistic genealogy in v.

(i) v.10, 'these are the generations of Shem,' v.27, ' and these are the generations of Terah,' (2.iii).

(ii) v.10, 'Shem was a son of 100 years'; comp. v.32, vii.6,11, from which it appears that 100 years had elapsed from the birth of Shem to the Flood.

N.B. As v.10 is generally understood, Shem was only 100 years old at the time of Arphaxad's birth, two years after the Flood, and would, therefore, have been 98 years old at most when the Flood began, contrary to the datum in v.32, which states that Shem, at all events, was born when Noah was 500 years old, (though Ham and Japheth might have been born after this date,) and Shem was, therefore, 100 years old when the Flood began, vii.6,11. Perhaps, however, it is merely meant in xi.10 to mark Shem's age as 100 when the Flood began, two years after which he begat Arphaxad, being himself then 102 years old.

*(iii) v.10,25, л, 'hundred,' (10.ix).

*(iv) v.10,12, &c., in (twenty-nine times), (10.viii).

*(v) v.11,13, &c., and Shem lived after begetting . . . and begat sons and daughters'; comp. the same form of expression v.7,10,13, &c.

(vi) v.12,14, П, khay, 'lived,' as in v.5.

*(vii) v.26, And Terah lived 70 years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran,' followed by v.27, 'and these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran';

comp. And Noah was a son of 500 years, and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth,' v.32, followed originally (in E) by—

'these are the generations of Noah: Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth,' vi. 9, 10.

*(viii) v.31, 'with (♫y) them,' used as an expletive, (19.xiv).

...

*(ix) v.32, 'and the days of Terah were 205 years . . . and Terah died'; comp. 'and all the days that Adam (Seth, &c.) lived were . . . died,' v.5,8, &c., ix.29, xi.32.

58. xi.28-30, Jehovist.

years, and he

*(i) v.28, and Haran died (before the face =) eastward of his father Terah, in the land of his kindred, in Ur of the Chaldees';

comp. 'and eastward of all his brethren shall he abide,' xvi.12;

' eastward of all his brethren he fell,' xxv.18.

*(ii) v.28, in the land of his kindred';

comp. 'out of thy land and out of thy kindred,' xii.1;

'unto my land and unto my kindred,' xxiv.4;

'out of the land of my kindred,' xxiv.7 ;

'unto the land of thy fathers and to thy kindred,' xxxi. 3;

'unto the land of thy kindred,' xxxi. 13;

'to thy land and to thy kindred,' xxxii.9.

(iii) v.29, and Abram and Nahor took to them wives, the name of Abram's wife, Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife Milcah';

comp. and Lamech took to him two wives, the name of the one Adah, and the name of the second Zillah,' iv.19.

*(iv) v.30, py, 'barren,' xxv.21, xxix.31.

(v) v.30, the mention of Sarai's barrenness is out of place here: E mentions in the proper place, xvi.1, that 'Sarai bare not to Abraham.'

N.B. J speaks repeatedly of a child, Isaac, being given to Sarah, 'there was to her no child,' xi.30, 'there shall be a son to Sarah,' xviii. 10,14,—which forms E never uses, dwelling solely on the promise to Abraham, xvii.16,19,21, xxi.2,3,5.

So, again, in the case of Ishmael, J says, 'that I (Sarah) may be built-up by her,' xvi.2, 'thou (Sarah) shalt bear a son, and shalt call his name Ishmael,' xvi.11; whereas E says, 'Hagar bare to Abram a son, and Abram called his son's name which Hagar bare, Ishmael,' xvi.15, 'at Hagar's bearing Ishmael to Abram,' xvi.16, -which forms, however, J also uses, xxii. 20, &c.

59. xii.1-20, Jehovist, except v.4,5.

*(i) v.1, 'out of thy land and out of thy kindred,' (58.ii).

(ii) v.2, 'I will make thee for a great nation';

comp. 'for a great nation will I place thee,' xlvi.3:

E has also 'I give him for a great nation,' xvii.20.

*(iii) v.3, 'him that curseth thee will I curse,' comp. the curses (4.xiv).

*(iv) v.3, 'families of the ground,' (3.iii).

(v) v.6, ‘and Abram passed-through in the land';

comp. ' and he passed-through in all the land of Egypt,' xli.46.

(vi) v.7, and Jehovah appeared unto him,' xii.7, xviii.1, xxvi.2,24. (vii) v.7, 'to thy seed will I give this land';

comp. 'to thee will I give it and to thy seed,' xiii.15;
'to thee will I give it,' xiii. 17;

'to thy seed will I give this land,' xxiv.7 ;

'to thee will I give it and to thy seed,' xxviii.13:

D has also 'to thy seed do I give this land,' xv.18.

*(viii) v.7,8, 'build an altar to Jehovah,' (45.ii).

*(ix) v.8, 'pitch tent,' xii.8, xxvi.25, xxxi.25, xxxiii.19, xxxv.21; comp. ‘movetent,' xiii. 12,18.

*(x) v.8,

3, ‘extend,' xii.8, xxiv. 14, xxvi.25, xxxiii.19, xxxv.21, xxxviii. 1,16,

xxxix.21, xlix. 15.

*(xi) v.8,8, D, 'east,' (3.vi).

*(xii) v.8, 'call on the name of Jehovah,' (5.xxx).

(xiii) v.9, 'going and removing' removing continually, (38.N.B.).

*(xiv) v.10, 777, ‘heavy,' xii. 10, xli.31, xliii.1, xlvii.4,13, 1.9,10,11; comp. 77?, ‘be heavy,' xiii.2, xviii. 20, xxxiv. 19, xlviii. 10, i, 'glory,' xxxi.1, xlv.13, xlix.6. *(xv) v.11, 82-737, 'behold, I pray,' xii. 11, xvi. 2, xviii. 27,31, xix. 2,8,19,20,xxvii.2. (xvi) v.11, 'fair of form,' xii. 11, xxix.17, xxxix.6; comp. 'goodly of form,' xxiv.16, xxvi.7,—also E, (294.iv).

*(xvii) v.12, 177, ‘kill,' (5.xii).

(xviii) v.13, 12, in order that,' xii. 13, xviii. 24, xxvii.25, xxxvii.22, 1.20—also D (98.vi).

*(xix) v.13,16, ya, 'for the sake of,' (4 xviii).

(xx) v.13, 'my soul shall live,' as in xix.20.

(xxi) v.13, 'my soul,' comp. 'thy soul,' 'his soul,' 'her soul,' xii.13, xix. 17,19,20, xxvii.4,19,25,31, xxxii.30, xxxiv.3,8, xxxv.18, xlii.21, xliv.30,30, xlix.6:

E has also 'your soul,' xxiii.8.

(xxii) v.16, 'flocks and herds and he-asses and servants and maids and sheasses';

comp.

'cattle and silver and gold,' xiii.2;

'flocks and herds and tents,' xiii.5;

'flocks and herds, and silver and gold, and servants and maids,

and camels and he-asses,' xxiv.35;

'cattle of flocks and cattle of herds and (much service) many

servants,' xxvi.14;

'many flocks and maids and servants and camels and he-asses,' xxx.43;

'oxen, and he-asses, flocks, and servants, and maids,' xxxii.5;

'flocks and herds and camels,' xxxii.7;

'flocks and herds,' xxi.27, xxxiii.13, xlv.10, xlvi.32, xlvii.1, 1.8; 'flocks and herds and he-asses,' xxxiv.28;

'cattle of flocks and cattle of herds and he-asses,' xlvii.17:

E has it also in xx.14.

*(xxiii) v.16, 'camel,' xii. 16, xxiv. 10,11, &c. (eighteen times), xxx.43, xxxi.17,34, xxxii.7(8), 15(16), xxxvii.25.

(xxiv) v.17, Pharaoh and his house,' (22.i).

(xxv) v.17, 777by, because of,' xii. 17, xx.18, xliii.18—also E2 (xx.11). (xxvi) v.18, 'what is this thou hast done to me?' (4.xiii).

(xxvii) v.18, -↳ miwy, 'do to,' (47.ix).

(xxviii) v.20, ib-¬pib, all which is his,' &c., xii.20, xiii. 1, xix. 12, xxiv.2 36, xxv.5, xxxi.1,21, xxxix.4,5,5,6,8, xlv.10,11, xlvi.1,32, xlvii. 1,4,6, comp. AN IN xxxii. 23(24), xxxiii.9,11, iyi, xxxv.2,6;

E, has a similar phrase, xx.7, and J2, xiv.23, but not E.

60. xii.4,5, Elohist.

(i) v.4°, date of Abram's migration to Canaan (10.vii).

(ii) v.4o, NY, ‘go-out,' the same word used as in the E context, xi.31; whereas J uses in this context, xii.1,4,4.

(iii) v.4,5, Charran' refers to xi.31,32(E).

(iv) v.5, ‘and Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son';

comp. and Terah took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his son's son,' xi.31.

*(v) v.5, 'and Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all their gain (w) which they had gotten (7), and the souls which they had made in Charran';

comp. and he led-off all his cattle, and all his gain which he had gotten, the cattle of his property (???) which he had gotten in PadanAram,' xxxi.18;

*(vi) v.5, came, &c.;'

'and Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters, and all the souls of his house, and his cattle and all his beasts and all his property which he had gotten in the land of Canaan,' xxxvi.6;

' and they took their cattle and their gain which they had gotten in the land of Canaan,' xlvi.6.

and they went-out... to go to the land of Canaan, and they

comp. and they went-out . . . to go to the land of Canaan, and they came, &c., xi.31.

(vii) v.5, viņş, ‘soul,' used for 'person,' xii.5, xvii.14, xxxvi.6, xlvi.15,18,22, 25,26,26,27,-also xiv.21 (J2).

(viii) v.5, and they went-out to go to the land of Canaan,' repeats what has been already said in v.4a, ‘and Abraham went, as Jehovah had spoken unto him'; or rather J in the latter passage repeats the statement of E in the former.

N.B. HUPFELD, p.21, thinks that v.4b may have originally followed v.5, and been removed to its present place by the Compiler. But this does not seem

necessary

61. It will be observed that, according to E, Terah migrates from Ur of the Chaldees with the distinct purpose of 'going to the land of Canaan,' xi.31: he stops, however, on the way in

Charran, dwells' there, v.31, and 'dies' there, v.32. Further, since Terah was 70 years old at Abram's birth, xi.26, and therefore 145 years old at the time of Abram's migration from Charran, xii.4", and also died at the age of 205, it follows that Abram, according to E, must have left Charran 60 years before his father's death; so that the event in xi.32 must be regarded as subsequent in point of time to that in xii.4.

62. But it is very noticeable that E represents Abram as merely continuing of his own accord the migration begun by his father, xii.4,5, without having received any previous call or promise of blessing; and he makes Abram receive this blessing twenty-four years later, comp. xii.4",xvii.1, when he had been already for a long time settled in Canaan. Thus according to E, Abram migrates from Charran proprio motu, with the express intention of 'going to the land of Canaan,' xii.5, whereas J represents him as starting from his own country, xii.4a, i.e. apparently, Charran, which J calls the land of his kindred,' xxiv.4,7,—but starting by the express command of Jehovah, and with the promise of great blessings, to go to an unknown land, which Jehovah would 'show' him, xii.1-3, as the apostle says, not knowing whither he went,' Heb.xi.8.

N.B. HUPFELD, p.140, supposes that Abraham received this call in Ur of the Chaldees,' as stated in xv.1, which latter passage he ascribes also to the Jehovist. But the expressions in xxiv.4,7, seem to determine 'Charran,' as Abram's home, the land of his kindred;' and we do not assign xv to J.

63. xiii.1-18, Jehovist, except v.6,12".

*(i) v.1, 'he and his wife and all which he had,' as in xii.20. (ii) v.1, ib¬¬gix-bą, ‘all which was his,' (59.xxviii).

(iii) v.1,3, the Negeb or south-country, as in xii.9.

*(iv) v.2, 7, be heavy,' (59.xiv).

(v) v.2, 'cattle and silver and gold,' v.5, ‘flocks and herds and tents,' (59.xxii). *(vi) v.3,4, 'unto Bethel, unto the place where his tent was in the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, unto the place of the altar which he made there at first; and there Abram called on the name of Jehovah;'