as well as 'and the mountains were covered,' v.20, from the expressions which he had before him in the E. narrative, and the waters were mighty . . . very upon the earth,' v.18, and all the high mountains . . . were covered,' v.19. In fact, it can hardly be supposed that the agreement in these expressions is accidental; and, if not, it seems to militate strongly against the theory that the Jehovist wrote an original independent document. 33. vii.21,22, Elohist. *(i) v.21, 'all flesh,' (19.viii). *(ii) v.21, yla, ́expire,' (19.xi). *(iii) v.21, 'that creepeth upon the earth,' (1.vii). *(iv) v.21, 'swarm,' 'swarming-things,' (1.ii). *(v) v.22, 'all out of all,' as in vi.19, viii.17,ix.10. N.B. The word for 'dry land' in vii.22 is, which differs from that in 1.9,10, but neither of these occurs again in Genesis; and the verb 'be dried-up,' occurs in viii.13^(E), 13°(J), and w, in viii.14(E), viii.7(J). 34. BOEHMER assigns v.22, as I had done in (IV.59), to the Jehovist, and writes, p.83 : 'vii.22 must be ascribed, not with HUPFELD, p.81, to A(E), but with DELITZSCH, who reminds us of ii.7, to B(J).' But the expression in vii.22, 'all in whose nostrils was the breath of a spirit of life,' agrees as nearly with the E. phrase twice used, all flesh in which was a spirit of life,' vi.17, vii.15, as it does with the J. language, He breathed in his nostrils the breath of life,' ii.7. And the forms of the Hebrew verbs at the beginning of v.21 and the end of v.22 correspond exactly to those which would have been used, if one and the same writer had written both verses, comp. I, and they came,' at the beginning of vii.15, with N, they came,' at the end of the same context in vii.16a. 35. vii.23, Jehovist. *(i) 'And he wiped-out all the substance that was upon the face of the ground, from man unto cattle, unto creeping-thing, and unto fowl of the heaven,' (22.vi); *(ii), 'wipe-out' = destroy, (13.ix). *(iii) Dp, 'substance,' as in vii.4. *(iv) 'face of the ground,' (3.iii). 36. vii.23,24, Elohist. HUPFELD and BоEHMER both assign v.23b to the Jehovist; but it seems to be due to E. (i) v.23', 'Noah and what was with him in the Ark': comp. 'Noah and . . . what was with him in the Ark,' viii.1. (ii) v.24, 'and the waters were mighty,' as in vii.18a. *(iii) v.24, n, 'hundred,' (10.ix). *(iv) v.24, 150 days, as in viii.3'; see (37.x). 37. viii.1-5, Elohist, except v.2b,3,4 ac. *(i) v.1, and Elohim remembered Noah'; comp. and Elohim remembered Abraham (Rachel), xix.29,xxx.22; comp. also ix.16, E.ii. 24, v1.5. (ii) v.1, all the animals and all the cattle,' comp.vii.14. (iii) v.1, 'Noah and . . . what was with him in the Ark,' comp.vii.23. *(iv) v.1, 'every animal that was with him'; ... comp. 'every animal that is with thee,' viii.17; 'every living soul that is with you,' ix.10,12; ' every animal of the earth with you,' ix.10. *(v) v.2*, 'the fountains of the deep,' 'the windows of heaven,' as in vii.11. (vi) v.2o, Ding, 'deep,' as in i.2,vii.11. *(vii) v.3", 'and the waters abated after the end of 150 days'; comp. 'and the waters were mighty upon the earth 150 days,' vii.24. *(viii) v.3, n, 'hundred,' (10.ix). *(ix) v.4', 'in the seventh month, in the seventeenth day of the month,' (27.iii). (x) v.3',4', 'and the waters abated after the end of 150 days, in the 7th month, in the 17th day of the month,' agrees with the other E data; since 150 days (during which 'the waters were mighty,' vii.24, and after which their increase was stopped, viii.2*)=5 months, which added to the date of the commencement of the Flood, 2mo. 17d. (vii.11), gives us 7mo. 17d. (viii.34), as the date of the waters beginning to abate. (xi) v.5, ¬ņ, ‘abate,' as in v.3. *(xii) v.5, 'in the tenth, in the first of the month,' (27.iii). *(xiii) v.5, 'the tops of the mountains were seen'; comp. 'all the high mountains . . . were covered,' vii.19. N.B. According to E the mountain-tops were first seen on the 1st day of the 10th month, v.5; but as the story now stands, 'on the 17th day of the 7th month,' v.4°(E), i.e. 73 days before, 'the Ark settled on the mountains of Ararat,' v.4a°(J).' 38. viii.2,3,4ac, Jehovistic. In (IV.62) I assigned v.3a to E; but I now assent to the judgment of HUPFELD and BOEHMER for the reasons below. (i) v.2 refers to the 'rain' in vii.4,12, of which no mention is made in vii.11(E): in fact, the two parts of the combined statement in v.2, as it now stands, 'the windows of heaven were stopped (E), and the rain was restrained out of heaven (J),' correspond exactly to those of the combined statement in vii.11,12, 'the windows of heaven were opened (E), and the rain was upon the earth (J).' (ii) v.3, and the waters returned from off the earth, returning continually,' is superfluous before the more distinct data of E, and the waters abated after 150 days,' v.3, and the waters abated continually until the tenth month &c.,' v.5. (iii) v.3* is even contradictory to v.3°, since E gives in the latter the date of the very commencement of the abatement, after the end of the 150 days'; whereas .3a has already implied a long progress of that abatement. (iv) v.3o,5, both contain, 'abate,' not, 'return,' which is used in v.3a, and is properly still more expressive of the regression and decrease of the waters. (v) In v.1, where E says, 'the waters assuaged (),' the idea expressed is not that of a diminution of the waters, as if they had already begun to abate, but only of their tumultuous swelling being allayed, comp. N.xvii.5(20), Est.ii.1,vii. 10: which was effected by a wind being made to pass over the surface, viii.1,—not for the purpose of drying-up the waters, but merely to calm and still them,—while the floods were no longer poured-up from the 'fountains of the deep,' or poured-down from the windows of heaven,' viii.2a. N.B. In v.3 we have 'going and returning' = returning continually, which idiom J uses in viii. 3,7, xii.9, xxvi.13: but E also uses it in viii.5. 39. BOEHMER assigns v.4a, and the Ark rested,' to E, as I had done in (IV.61. I assent now, however, to the view of HUPFELD, who believes that only the note of time in v.4, viz. v.4, belongs to E, in continuation with v.3, and at the end of 150 days the waters abated, in the 7th month, in the 17th day of the month.' I now, therefore, assign v.4a to J, for the following reasons:— (i) The datum in v.4, the 17th day of the 7th month,' seems only meant to intimate the day on which the waters began to abate at the end of (150 days, vii.24, viii.3*,=) 5 months from the 17th day of the 2nd month,' vii.11, when the waters began to rise. (ii) E can hardly have supposed the Ark to have settled on 'the 17th day of the 7th month,' the very first day of the abatement, on the 'mountains of Ararat,' since he says that the tops of the mountains' were not visible till the 1st day of the 10th month,' 73 days afterwards, viii.5, and makes an interval of 3 months more, viii.13, or 90 days to the next stage of abatement, when the earth was dried. (iii) It is very unlikely that E allowed the Ark to settle on the top of Ararat, from which Noah and the animals would have to descend into the plain,-especially as no hint is given by him of any such descent in viii. 16-20, when he speaks only of their 'going forth' out of the Ark. (iv) The notice in question is only one of a series, which have been already assigned to J, about the movements of the Ark;— 'and the waters increased, and bare up the Ark, and it was lifted from off the earth,' vii. 17; 'and the Ark went upon the face of the waters,' vii.18"; ' and the Ark settled upon the mountains of Ararat,' viii.4a. (v) I have assigned vii.20* to the same writer (32.vi), and suppose him to have meant to imply that-since the Flood reached 15 cubits above the top of Ararat— the Ark, which was 30 cubits high and may have been supposed to float half below the water, might be imagined to drift over the mountain-tops, and so just ground upon the summit of Ararat, as soon as the waters began to fall, i. e. according to the E. datum, v.4', 'on the 17th day of the 7th month.' This also seems to connect viii.4 with vii.20a, and both with vi.15,16, and all with the Jehovist. *(vi) v.4a,, 'settle,' comp. ', 'put-down,' (3.xi). (vii) v.4, 'the mountains of Ararat:' comp. the geographical knowledge shown by the Jehovist (3.vii). 40. viii.6-12, Jehovist. *(i) v.6, 'forty days,' as in vii.4,12,17. *(ii) v.6,10,12, E mentions only the day, month, and year, of the most notable events of the Flood, vii.6,11,viii.4,5,13,14; whereas J marks the stages of its progress by 'seven days' and 'forty days.' (iii) v.6, ‘Noah opened the window (in) of the Ark which he had made,’' refers to the 'light' (7), vi.16, since it speaks of the 'window which he had made'; comp. the references to the 'door' and 'roof' of vi.16, which occur in vii.16, viii. 18,-all which seem to indicate that vi. 15,16 is Jehovistic, as we suppose. (iv) v.7,11, 'from off the earth,' as in vii.17: also E(viii.13). (v) v.8, 'to see if the waters were lightened, &c. '; comp. to see what he would call them,' ii. 19. (vi) v.8, 'from off the face of the ground,' as in iv.14, vi.7, vii.4. *(vii) v.8, 'face of the ground,' (3.iii). (viii) v.9, 'upon the face of all the earth,' as in vii.3: also E (i.29). (ix) v.9, and he put forth his hand, . . . and brought it unto him into the Ark'; comp. ' and they put forth their hand, and brought Lot unto them into the house,' xix.10. (x) v.10,12, 'seven days,' as in vii.4,10. *(xi) v.10,12,12, 'add to put forth,' 'add to return,' (5.iv). 41. In v.7,8, we have the raven,' the dove'; and it has been argued that this passage must be due to E, since he only speaks of a single pair of doves, and here, apparently, names the one male bird; but comp. the serpent,' iii. 1, the garment,' ix.23, the bush,' E.iii.2, in each of which passages the article is similarly used with a noun which has not been named before. The article may express the well-known raven,' &c. of the legend, or the raven which was there,' which he had at hand,' &c. As the story now stands, however, this J. passage introduces a great inconsistency. Between the time when the tops of the mountains were seen,' v.5, on the 1st day of the tenth month, and the time when the waters were dried-up from off the earth,' v.13, on the first day of the first month (of the next year), there would be an interval of three months = 90 days. If we deduct the 40 days of waiting, v.6, we have 50 days remaining for sending out the raven and the dove: whereas the account, as it now stands, plainly implies an interval of 7 days only between each sending, to which might, perhaps, be added 7 days more after the dove was sent out the second time,making only 21 days altogether. The necessity for sending out these birds at all arises from the J. notice that the Ark had settled on the mountains of Ararat,' and may be explained by supposing that, by reason either of the size, or situation, or construction of the window, or because of the high position of the Ark, Noah could not see for himself what was passing on the plains below. But why did not all the birds fly away, since the Ark lay uncovered for two months (43.ii), before they went out of the Ark with Noah? 42. viii.13-19, Elohist, except v.13". *(i) v.13, 'in the 600th year' refers to vii.11, comp. v.32, vii.6. *(ii) v.13a, 'in the first, in the first of the month,' v.14, 'in the second month, in the twenty-seventh day of the month,' (27.iii). *(iii) v.16, 'thou, and thy wife, &c.' v.18, 'Noah and his wife, &c.,' (19.xv). *(iv) v.16, 'with (♫) thee,' v.18, 'with him,' as an expletive (19.xiv). *(v) v.17, 'every living-thing. out of all flesh,' (19.xvi); ... comp. 'everything that liveth out of all flesh,' vi.19. |