*(xxxiv) v.16, ŋ', 'put-down,' (3.xi).

*(xxxv) v.17,19, 'according to these things,' (97.xxxix).

*(xxxvi) v.19, 'his anger was kindled,' (5.viii).

*(xxxvii) v.20, DN, 'bind,' xxxix.20, xl.3,5°, xlii.16,19,24, xlvi.29, xlix.11. *(xxxviii) v.21, п, 'extend,' (59.x).

288. HUPFELD assigns the above Chapter to the Jehovist, except that, p.66, he considers that the description in v.1, 'Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, captain of the guard,' must be an erroneous interpolation, probably from the hand of the Compiler, and drawn from the datum in xxxvii.36, which according to him belongs to Eg. He supposes that, in the narrative of the Jehovist, Joseph's master was only an ordinary unnamed Egyptian,' as he is called in v.1,2, who had a farm, v.5, and was married, v.7-19; whereas E, had represented him as an eunuch, high officer of Pharaoh,' captain of the guard,' and, as such, keeper of the state-prison, for whom 'farming' would have been unsuitable. The Compiler, however, has tried to combine the two stories, and, by inserting the clause in question, has wished to make one person out of two.

289. But then, according to HUPFELD's view, there arises this difficulty, as he himself suggests, that Joseph's master, an ordinary Egyptian, is able to put his slave, for a private intrigue, into the state-prison, v.20—which seems most improbable. According to our view, the Jehovist has merely copied in v.1 the description of Joseph's master from the original E. datum in xxxvii.36. And he then makes him very naturally punish Joseph by immuring him to serve as a slave in the state-prison under his charge, in which, of course, there was a subordinate gaoler, who is mentioned as the keeper of the prison,' v.21,22,23, and who even took a fancy to Joseph, and made him a sort of turnkey' over the prisoners.

6

There seems to us nothing incongruous in a high officer of Pharaoh's having a country-house and a farm. And, though it is true that in the East (as BOEHMER shows, p.261) even eunuchs have harems, yet the word Dp may here be used in the

general sense of 'court-officer,' as probably is the case in 1K.xxii.9, 2K.viii.6, xxiii.11, xxv.19, 1Ch.xxviii. 1,&c.

290. BOEHMER, p.89, regards the description in v.1 as genuine, and that in xxxvii.36 as due to the Compiler: otherwise, he says, we should find in C(E,) both 'Potiphar,' xxxvii.36, and 'Potipherah,' xli.45, xlvi.20, whereas this difference of name is probably due to the difference of sources.

But he supposes that the Compiler has made the following two insertions in this Chapter, in order to combine the (supposed) two narratives of E, and J. He first interpolates in v.20 the words, 'into the place where the king's prisoners were bound,' which brings Joseph into the state-prison, the 'house of the captain of the guard,' as in xl.3; whereas J had only said, 'he put him into the house of the prison,' i.e. the common prison; and then he adds v.22,23-almost in the very words of the Jehovist in v.3-6'-to explain how Joseph won the favour of the 'keeper of the prison,' i.e. according to BOEHMER, the 'captain of the guard,' and was set free from close custody, and put to service within the prison.

Ans. According to our view, v.22,23, are the very words of the Jehovist. The 'keeper of the prison' was the head-gaoler, under the direction of the captain of the guard; and Joseph was still kept immured in the prison, though at first employed in servile work within it, and ultimately put in charge with the ordinary prisoners, yet not, of course, with the noblemen,-the 'chief butler' and chief baker,'-who were presently committed to the same 'state-prison.' To their service, in the story of E2, he was assigned by his master, the 'captain of the guard,' x1.4, and not by the 'keeper of the prison,' who appears only in J.

291. xl.1,3,5, Jehovist.

According to our view, v.1 has been introduced by the Jehovist, in order to make the transition from his story in the previous Chapter to the narrative of E, in v.2; and he inserts also v.3,5, to make the connection more plain.

*(i) v.1, and it came to pass after these things,' (133.i).

(ii) v.1, 'the butler,' 'the baker,'-not 'the chief of the butlers,' 'the chief of the bakers,' as everywhere in E,,v. 2,9,16,20,21,22,23,xli.9,10.

(iii) v.1, ‘king of Egypt,' as in xl.1,1,5o, xli.46,—not 'Pharaoh,' as always elsewhere; comp. 'the king,' xxxix.20.

(iv) v.1, 'sin against () the king of Egypt';

comp. 'sin against Elohim,' xxxix.9,-also E,(xx.9).

(v) v.3', 'into the house of the tower, the place where Joseph was bound';

comp. 'into the house of the tower, the place where the king's prisoners were bound,' xxxix.20.

*(vi) v.3',5', 'house of the tower,' as in xxxix.20,20,21,22,22,23, comp. 'house of your ward,' xlii.19,-not used by E, in his part of the story, though he says, who were with him in ward in the house of his master,' v.7.

*(vii) v.3,5, 0, 'bind,' (287.xxxvii).

N.B. By comparison of v.3 with xli.10 it will be seen plainly that v.3 is (as we assume) an interpolation.

(viii) v.5', 'the butler and the baker of the king of Egypt,' as in v.1-not the 'chief of the butlers, &c.'

(ix) v.5', 'the king of Egypt,' as in v.1.

(x) v.5", 'which were bound in the house of the tower' comp. xxxix.20, x1.3.

292. xl.2-23, Second Elohist, except v.36,5b.

We suppose that E, inserted this narrative in connection with xxxvii.36, before the intervening Jehovistic passage was written. It will be seen that v.2 follows naturally after xxxvii.36, leaving no hiatus. And plainly it only repeats the statement of v.1, or rather, the later passage, v.1, repeats that of v.2.

(i) v.3,4,7, ' in ward (pp),' as in xli.10,-not used by J in his part of this story, though he has into ward,' in another connection in xlii.17, and

also in the house of your ward,' xlii.19.

(ii) v.4, ‘and he ministered to them,' comp. J(xxxix.4).

(iii) v.7, 'who were with him in ward in the house of his master' not 'in the house of the tower,' as in J (xxxix. 20, xl.3,5o).

(iv) v.5,8, &c., ¬n, 'interpret,' inn, 'interpretation,' xl.5,8,8,12,16,18,22, xli. 8,11,12,12,13,15,15,-nowhere else in the Bible.

(v) v.7, VID, 'why,' comp. J(xxvi.27).

(vi) v.7, pi3ŋ, 'this day,' as in xli.9, comp. J(xlii.13,32, xlvii.23).

(vii) v.8, do not interpretations belong to Elohim?'

comp. Elohim shall answer the peace of Pharaoh,' xli.16.

(viii) v.14, ‘it shall be well to thee,' comp. J(xii.13).

(ix) v.14, do mercy with (y),' (110.xxiv), comp. J(99.xxxviii).

(x) v.15, 'do anything,' comp. J(xxii.12).

(xi) v.20, ¬hin, ‘beget,' a form used elsewhere only by E(10.viii).

(xii) v.20, ‘on the third day, the day of Pharaoh's birth (nyny 7 )

he made a feast to all his servants';

comp. and Abraham made a great feast on the day of Isaac's weaning

N.B. In v.15 Joseph says, 'Indeed I was stolen out of the land of the Hebrews,' which implies, according to HUPFELD and BOEHMER, that in xxxvii.28 the Midianites 'took-up Joseph out of the pit,' and carried him off to Egypt. According to our view, E had actually described, in a few words between v.28 and v.36, the fact of

the Midianites kidnapping Joseph, though probably in a more simple and obvious manner, which, however, has now been replaced by the more ample account of J. The words before us may refer to this last notice of E, which E, had before him. Also in v.15, by the words which E, puts in Joseph's mouth, and also here I have done nothing that they have put me in this prison,' he does not mean to represent Joseph as an actual fellow-prisoner with Pharaoh's officers-which would imply a knowledge of the J. story in xxxix. But Joseph, by being merely placed 'with them,' v.7, xli.12, 'in the ward of his master's house,' (294.xiv.N.B.) might be taken by them for a criminal, and so is made to guard himself here against such an imputation (so HUPPELD, p.70).

293. HUPFELD and BOEHMER both ascribe this Chapter to E, except v.3,5b, which they give to the Compiler, and not (with us) to the Jehovist; or, rather, they assign to him only the last clause of v.5, 'in the house of the tower,' apparently not having noticed that the expressions, butler' and 'baker,' in v.1,56, instead of chief of the butlers, chief of the bakers,' as everywhere else in the Chapter, indicates a difference of source. BOEHMER also sees additions of the Compiler in the expressions, with him,' v.7, which he understands (without any necessity) as implying that Joseph was a fellow-prisoner with them, instead of being merely appointed by his master to serve them as a slave, and v.15b, which he supposes (unnecessarily, as we have seen above) to refer to the Jehovistic story in xxxix.

294. xli.1-57, Second Elohist, except v.31,35,40-43,46,48-55. This part of the story is shown to be due to E,, though employing continually (as usual) the same formulæ as J, from its containing chief of the butlers' in v.9, and referring in v.9-18 to x1.2-23.

(i) v.1–7, with this double dream comp. J(xxxvii.5–11).

(ii) v.1, 'years of days,' comp. J(xxix.14).

(iii) v.1,2,3,3,17,18, †, 'river,' v.2,18,, marsh,' v.8,24, D, ‘soothsayers,' xli.45, ŋy nay, revealer of secrets,'-Egyptian words. (iv) v.2,4, 'fair of form,' comp. J(59.xvi).

(v) v.8,11,12,12,13,15,15,, 'interpret,' in, interpretation,' (292.iv). (vi) v.8, 'and Pharaoh recounted to them his dream,' v.12, we recounted to

him';

comp. 'and the chief of the butlers recounted his dream to Joseph,' x1.9.

(vii) v.8, and there was no-one interpreting them to Pharaoh';

comp. and there is no one interpreting it,' x1.8.

(viii) v.9-13 refers throughout to xl.2-23.

(ix) v.9, 'chief of the butlers,' v.10, 'chief of the bakers,' as in xl. 2,9,16,20, 21,22,23.

(x) v.9, Di', 'this day,' as in x1.7, comp. J(xlii.13,32,xlvii.23).

(xi) v.10, y, be angry,' as in xl.2.

(xii) v.10, Pharaoh's 'servants,' as in x1.20.

(xiii) v.10, and put me in ward in the house of the captain of the guard,' as in x1.3".

(xiv) v.12, and there was there with us a Hebrew boy';

comp. the officers of Pharaoh that were with him,' x1.7.

N.B. The chief butler does not say that Joseph was a prisoner, but merely that he was 'with them' in the prison. Perhaps the Heb. should be pointed--not D', 'and there,' but-D, and he placed,' comp. xxx.41, ¿.e. ' he placed with us' as a servant; comp. Joseph's words in xl.15, 'they have placed me in this (pit) dungeon.'

(xv) v.12, 'servant to the captain of the guard,' as E and E, all along suppose, -whereas J represents Joseph as a prisoner.

(xvi) v.14, 'the pit' = dungeon, as in xl.15.

(xvii) v.14, 'change garments,' comp. J(xxxv.2).

(xviii) v.15, and Pharaoh said unto Joseph, A dream have I dreamed and interpreter of it is none';

comp. and they said unto him, A dream have we dreamed, and interpreter of it is none,' x1.8.

(xix) v.16,44, 7, beside,'—also J2(xiv.24).

(xx) v.16, 'It is beside me; Elohim shall answer the peace of Pharaoh';

comp. 'do not interpretations belong to Elohim?' xl.8.

(xxi) v.17, 'in my dream, and behold!' as in xl.9,16.

(xxii) v.17-24 refers throughout to v.1-8.

(xxiii) v.21, nn, 'in the beginning,' comp. J(5.xxix).

(xxiv) v.26,27, ‘the seven good kine are seven years, and the seven good ears are seven years,' &c.;

comp. 'the three branches are three days,' 'the three baskets are three days,' xl.12,18.

(xxv) v.33, 77, 'see' = provide, comp. J(xxii.8,14).

(xxvi) v.36, 'the seven years of famine' correspond to the seven years of plenty,' v.34—the J. phrase, 'good years,' in v.35, not being referred to by E2.

(xxvii) v.37, and the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants';

comp. and it was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of his servants,' xlv.16.

(xxviii) v.37, 'all his servants,' as in x1.20.