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arising from Experiments and Observations made.
at Philadelphia, 1749.- Golden Fish.-Extrac-
tion of Effluvial Virtues by Electricity impracticable 227
Additional Experiments; proving that the Leyden Bot-
tle has no more Electrical Fire in it when charged,
than before; nor less when discharged; that, in
discharging, the Fire does not issue from the Wire
and the Coating at the same Time, as some have
thought, but that the Coating always receives what
is discharged by the Wire, or an equal Quantity;
the outer surface being always in a Negative State
of Electricity, when the inner Surface is in a Posi-
tive State
253
255
To JAMES BOWDOIN, AT BOSTON. 25 October, 1750.
Enclosing Papers on Electricity
To A FRIEND IN BOSTON. 25 December, 1750.
Account of an Accident while making an Electrical
Experiment
To JAMES BOWDOIN. 5 September, 1751.
Introducing Mr. Kinnersley as a Lecturer on Elec-
Unlimited Nature of the Electric Force.
Queries and Answers referred to in the foregoing Letter.
257
258
— The Terms “Electric per se " and " Non-elec-
tric" improper. - New Relation between Metals
and Water. Effects of Air in Electrical Experi-
ments. Experiment for discovering more of the
Qualities of the Electric Fluid.
-
259
JAMES BOWDOIN TO B. FRANKLIN. 21 Dec. 1751.
On the Causes of the crooked Direction of Light-
ning. Objections to the Hypothesis that the Sea
is the Source of Lightning. On the Swiftness of
the Electrical Fire
To JAMES BOWDOIN. 24 January, 1752.
Observations on the Subjects of the preceding Let-
ter. Reasons for supposing the Sea to be the
263
grand Source of Lightning. - Reasons for doubting
this Hypothesis.
Improvement in a Globe for
raising the Electric Fire
E. KINNERSLEY TO B. FRANKLIN. 3 February, 1752.
New Experiments. Paradoxes inferred from them.
-Difference in the Electricity of a Globe of Glass
charged, and a Globe of Sulphur. Difficulty of
ascertaining which is positive and which negative
To E. KINNERSLEY. 2 March, 1752.
Probable Cause of the different Attractions and
Repulsions of the two Electrified Globes mentioned
in the preceding Letter
JAMES BOWDOIN TO B. FRANKLIN. 2 March, 1752.
Effect of Lightning on Captain Waddel's Compass,
and on the Dutch Church at New York.
JAMES BOWDOIN TO B. FRANKLIN. 16 March, 1752.
Remarks on Dr. Colden's Letter respecting the
Electricity of the Clouds
To E. KINNERSLEY. 16 March, 1752.
273
275
276
Reasons for supposing that the Glass Globe charges
positively, and the Sulphur negatively. — Hint re-
specting a Leather Globe for Experiments when
travelling
To CADWALLADER COLDEN. 23 April, 1752.
279
280
Mistake, that only Metals and Water were Con-
ductors, rectified. Supposition of a Region of
Electric Fire above our Atinosphere. - Theorem
concerning Light. - Poke-weed a Cure for Cancers 283
M. DALIBARD's Account of an Electrical Experiment at
ABBÉ MAZEAS TO STEPHEN HALES. 20 May, 1752.
Giving a further Account of the Electrical Experi-
W. WATSON TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY. 21 Dec. 1752.
Concerning the Electrical Experiments in England
upon Thunder-clouds
293
295
296
On the Mode of coating Electrical Jars
299
TO PETER COLLINSON. September, 1753.
Hypothesis of the Sea being the grand Source of
Lightning retracted. Positive, and sometimes
negative, Electricity of the Clouds discovered. -
New Experiments and Conjectures in Support of
this Discovery. Observations recommended for
ascertaining the Direction of the Electric Fluid. -
Size of Rods for Conductors to Buildings. Ap-
pearance of a Thunder-cloud described
To PETER COLLINSON. 23 November, 1753.
Notice of another Packet of Letters
Proposal of an Experiment to measure the Time taken
up by an Electric Spark in moving through any
given Space. By James Alexander, of New York
Answer to the Foregoing
Remarks on the Abbé Nollet's Letters to Benjamin
Franklin on Electricity. By David Colden, of
New York. 4 December, 1753
Electrical Experiments, with an Attempt to account for
their several Phenomena. Together with some
Observations on Thunder-clouds, in further Confirm-
ation of Mr. Franklin's Observations on the Posi- tive and Negative Electrical State of the Clouds. By John Canton. 6 December, 1753
To JAMES BOWDOIN. 13 December, 1753..
Concerning the Light emitted by Salt Water.-
The Abbé Nollet's Letters on Electricity
To PETER COLLINSON. 18 April, 1754.
300
314
315
317
319
330
337
Additional Proofs of the Positive and Negative
State of Electricity in the Clouds. - New Method
of ascertaining it
Experiments made in Pursuance of those made by Mr.
Canton, dated December 6th, 1753; with Explan-
ations, by Benjamin Franklin. 14 March, 1755 .
Turkey killed by Electricity. Effect of a Shock on
the Operator in making the Experiment
To JOHN LINING. 18 March, 1755.
Differences in the Qualities of Glass. Account
340
341
346
of Domien, an Electrician and Traveller. - Con-
jectures respecting the Pores of Glass. - Origin of
the Author's Idea of drawing down Lightning. -
No satisfactory Hypothesis respecting the Manner
in which Clouds become electrified. Six Men
knocked down at once by an Electrical Shock.
Reflections on the Spirit of Invention
To M. DALIBARD. 29 June, 1755.
Beccaria's Work on Electricity.-Sentiments of
Franklin on pointed Rods, not fully understood in
Europe. Effect of Lightning on the Church of
Newbury, in New England. - Remarks on the
Subject
To JOHN PRINGLE. 21 December, 1757.
347
355
On the Effects of Electricity in Paralytic Cases 359
TO THOMAS HUBBARD. 28 April, 1758.
Electrical Apparatus.- Description of a Battery.
TO WILLIAM HEBERDEN. 7 June, 1759.
On the Electricity of the Tourmalin
361
363
E. KINNERSLEY TO B. FRANKLIN. 12 March, 1761.
Experiments on boiling Water, and Glass heated by
boiling Water. Doctrine of Repulsion in elec-
trized Bodies doubted. - Electricity of the Atmo-
sphere at different Heights. Electrical Horse-
race. Electrical Thermometer. In what Cases
the Electrical Fire produces Heat.- Wire length-
ened by Electricity. Good Effect of a Rod on
the House of Mr. West, of Philadelphia .
To E. KINNERSLEY. 20 February, 1762.
Answer to some of the foregoing Subjects. - How
long the Leyden Bottle may be kept charged..
Heated Glass rendered permeable by the Electric
Fluid. Electrical Attraction and Repulsion.
Reply to other Subjects in the preceding Paper.
Numerous Ways of kindling Fire. - Explosion of
Water. Knobs and Points
Accounts from Carolina (mentioned in the foregoing
Letter) of the Effects of Lightning on two of the
367
. 378
Rods commonly affixed to Houses there, for secur-
ing them against Lightning. 1 November, 1760. 395
Mr. William Maine's Account of the Effects of the
Lightning on his Rod, dated at Indian Land, in
South Carolina, August 28th, 1760 .
Remarks by Benjamin Franklin
TO MISS MARY STEVENSON. 22 March, 1762.
Concerning the Leyden Bottle
396
398
403
Electrical Experiments on Amber. 3 July, 1762 .
JOHN WINTHROP TO B. FRANKLIN. 29 Sept., 1762.
New Observation relating to Electricity in the At-
mosphere
ALEXANDER SMALL TO B. FRANKLin.
Flash of Lightning that struck St. Bride's Steeple
TO PETER FRANKLIN.
Best Method of securing a Powder Magazine from
Lightning
TO THOMAS RONAYNE. 20 April, 1766.
On the Electricity of the Fogs in Ireland
405
406
407
409
Mode of ascertaining whether the Power, giving a Shock
to those who touch either the Surinam Eel or the
Torpedo, be Electrical
Addition, 12 August, 1772, in Consequence of the Ex-
periments and Discoveries made in France by Mr.
Walsh, and communicated by him to Dr. Franklin
Of Lightning, and the Methods (now used in America)
of securing Buildings and Persons from its mis-
chievous Effects. September, 1767
JOHN WINTHROP TO B. FRANKLIN. 6 January, 1768.
St. Bride's Steeple
TO JOHN WINTHROP. 2 July, 1768.
On Conductors for protecting Houses from Light-
ning. Singular Kind of Glass Tube
E. KINNERSLEY TO B. FRANKLIN. 13 October, 1770.
On some Electrical Experiments made with Char-
coal