Reconstructing the World Trade Organization for the 21st Century: An Institutional ApproachOxford University Press, 02.01.2015 - 288 Seiten The institutional shortcomings of the World Trade Organization (WTO) became apparent during the Doha Round of Trade negotiations that began in 2001 and which aimed to improve the success of developing countries' trading by lowering trade barriers and adjusting other trade rules. This "development agenda" meant different things to rich and poor countries. In addition, many of the circumstances that supported success in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations of 1947 were no longer present after the WTO was founded in 1995. In Reconstructing the World Trade Organization for the 21st Century, Kent Jones examines the difficulties of the WTO in completing multilateral trade negotiations and possible ways to restore its ability to do so. The problem lies in the institutional structure it inherited from the GATT, which was designed for a more limited scope of trade negotiations among a relatively small number of wealthier, industrialized countries. Jones presents an institutional model of the GATT/WTO system, which describes why such an organization exists and how it is supposed to accomplish its goals. Institutional reforms will be necessary to restore the WTO's ability to complete global trade agreements, including a more flexible application of the consensus rule, a common understanding among all members about the limits of domestic policy space that is subject to negotiation, and clearer rules on reciprocity obligations. The popularity of bilateral and regional trade agreements, which have emerged as the alternative to WTO agreements, presents a threat to the WTO's relevance in trade negotiations, but also an opportunity to "multilateralize" new and deeper trade integration in future WTO agreements. Aid for trade may also play an instrumental role in bringing more developing countries into WTO disciplines. Above all, WTO members must develop new ways to find common ground in order to negotiate for mutual gains from trade. |
Inhalt
Institutional Foundations of the GATTWTO System | |
The GATT to WTO Transition and Institutional Crisis in | |
Impediments to Doha Round Consensus and the Search | |
WTO Governance and Committee Chair Representation | |
Regional vs Multilateral Trade Liberalization | |
Trade Embedded Liberalism and Development | |
Pathways Back to Geneva | |
Notes | |
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Reconstructing the World Trade Organization for the 21st Century: An ... Kent Jones Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2015 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
achieve addition adjustment agenda agriculture aidfortrade Bali bargaining power benefits bilateral Brazil Cancun chair appointments chapter China committee chairs concessions consensus country’s decisionmaking developed and developing developing countries DirectorGeneral dispute settlement Doha Round domestic policy economic embedded liberalism emerging markets European Union export foreign direct investment framework gains from trade GATT GATT’s GATT/WTO system Geneva global trade liberalization governments green room impact important increased intellectual property investment issues LDCs leadership major market access measures member countries Ministerial multilateral trade liberalization multilateral trade negotiations OECD Pascal Lamy plurilateral plurilateral agreements policy space political protectionist reciprocity reforms regarding representation require role RTAs sectors single undertaking structure supply chains tariff trade capacity trade diversion trade facilitation trade policy trade relations trading system United Uruguay Round World Trade Organization WTO agreements WTO committee WTO members WTO membership WTO negotiations WTO rules WTO system WTO’s