The date, 1569, deserves notice as showing that the completion of the building took longer than is commonly supposed. I presume the upper stories of the Gate of Virtue are here referred to. The inscription over the archway is dated 1567.

The gardens belonging to the college, after these alterations, were very nearly the same in size and position as they now are: viz. (1) The master's garden, which, except for the encroachment upon it by the additions to the lodge, is as large as it was in Caius' time. The wall opposite Trinity Hall is presumably the old one of 1480-1500. (2) The president's garden, as the little enclosure on the south side of the Tree Court is still called. Dr Caius says that he bought this piece of ground 'in place of' the garden which formerly occupied part of the area covered by his new court. As he states that the new plot was assigned to the president of the college, it is possible that the old one had gone by the same name, though the title of president was a new one, created by Dr Caius' statutes. The Senate House now darkens this garden; but, as Caius left it, with a high wall, built by him, on the north and east, and fairly open to the south, it was a sheltered and pleasant little garden'. (3) The fellows' garden. Part of this, viz. a small plot beyond the north end of the present garden, now mostly occupied by rooms, had belonged to the college from the first. It was known as "the cook's garden," being used by him for growing herbs. When Caius bought the houses facing St Michael's, part of the land behind them was thrown into this old cook's garden, more than doubling its size, and it became the fellows' garden. It is presumably the "bouling ground referred to in the bursar's accounts for 1623, when 10s, was paid to a "beater" for it--it was used as a bowling ground until 1868. This old fellows' garden was, of course, larger than the present one, as it extended as far as Trinity Lane towards the north. It remained unaltered till the great building operations of 1868, and was far more private than would now be supposed; for the walls-built presumably by Caius were very lofty, and the old Legge and Perse buildings considerably lower than the present buildings. In the last century there seems to have been an open bath in it. The accompanying illustration gives a good idea of its appearance2.

"

In 1570 some changes were made in the chapel. Till 1565 there had been no passage out of the Gonville court into what is now the Caius court. The entrance

"The Principal's garden" of Caius College has got its place in English Literature (v. Chap. XXXVI. of Woodstock; as referred to in the Introduction to Vol. 1.). Whether Scott was speaking at random, or whether he had really heard anything about our college gardens, is hard to say.

2 As an illustration of the sanitary ideas of former days it may be recorded that a privy, in full use (originally built in 1720), stood in the N.E. corner of this garden till 1868. Close against the back wall of this, in the Tree Court, was a pump, also in full use, whence the bedmakers drew the supply of water for washing and drinking. There was no service of water laid on till 1868. The college pumps-there was another in the Gonville Court, and a third by the kitchenwere a constant expense in old times. Not only are there very frequent entries for charges for repairs, but a "pump-mender" was kept at regular wages.

Reference to these pumps raises a domestic question; where did the ancient undergraduate wash his hands and face? I cannot but suspect that he went out to the pump. In such inventories as we can find of students' goods, jugs and basins are conspicuously absent; and even the minute inventories of the goods of fellows, who had three or four pupils in their rooms, show at most a single basin.

to the chapel was to the left, and that to the master's lodge to the right, of the present passage; both of them facing the court. Dr Caius altered this by making these entrances face each other, as now, in the middle of the passage. It may be added that this passage itself had formed part of the old lodge, and that what is now the entrance hall was then a dwelling room.

About the same time Dr Caius gave his last important addition to the endowment of the college for which he had already done so much. This consisted of his property at Bincombe, Dorset; and included the Manor of Bincombe, bought for £309 that of Woburne, bought for £260 (these two purchased of Mr Clement Sysley) and the advowson of Bincombe, bought of John and Rowland Argall for £20, Ap. 20, 1570 (Annals).

We have already mentioned the large sum spent for the college by Dr Caius, from the commencement of his mastership till 1564. The following details carry on the account from 1564 till his death (Annals, p. 133).

For trees bought of Sir Henrie Cromwell out of Warboys and
Ramsey woods, in number 510

For viewing, marking, felling, lopping, squaring, drawing and
carriage by land and water from thence to Cambridge
To Thorne Bainsforth and Rotherie for the first and west
frame part by greate part by day

To Rothery and his men for their worke by day from Mid-
summer 1566 untill Midsummer 1573

For bourdes bought and brought into the colledge

For staging timber, hardles, lathes, lyne, cords and nayles
For Ramsey stone, free and ragge, cutting and carrying by
land and water

For free stone from King's Clyffe and Welding, digging and
carriage, part by land part by water

For white stone from Haslingfeild and Barrington, digging and
carriage

For stone from Barnewell (Abbey ?), digging and carriage
For lyme from Reche, Hinton, and otherwise

66. 5. 0

46. 4 8

84. 10. 9

123. 6 3

29. 15. 10
31. 16. 6

254. 19.

8

101. 19. 2

91. 3

5

62

6. 5. 2 54. 10. 1

Besides the expenses omitted by negligence, and expenses also yet to come for the perfection of the building of the Colledge & paving of the Courts of the same.

There is an agreement in the Vice-Chancellor's Court (Acta Curiæ, May 23, 1565) between Dr Caius and Tomson carrier of sande' to pay the latter 6d. for every load delivered in the college.

The above items carry the account down to the time of his death: the next refer to what was subsequently paid out of the money which he left.

A further summarie Table of the whole charges about the buildings of Porta Honoris, the Chapel Tower, & the Founder's Mr Dr Caius Tombe, a 27° Junii 1573 unto the finishing of the same 1575.

For ffree stone from Kings Clyffe & white stone from Haseling-
feild, digging & carriage

To ffree masons & rough masons for Porta Honoris & the
Tower

For lyme from Hinton

For sande

Iron worke for porta honoris

18. 9 4

73. 7 4

8.

To labourers

In spite of all these splendid services, it does not appear that his relations with the fellows became more friendly, or rather that the animosity of the more bigoted amongst them was ever relaxed. As he grew older and feebler he probably found his position in college becoming harder to bear, and towards the close of 1572 he retired to the house in London which he still retained. The immediate cause of his departure was probably the authorized pillage of his college rooms, and the destruction of a number of church ornaments which he had retained there. Dr Sandys, bishop of London, seems to have been the instigator of the outrage, by writing to the Vice-Chancellor, Dr Byng, as soon as he heard what Caius was thus retaining in his possession.

The following is the letter of Dr Byng, to the Chancellor, Lord Burghley, dated Dec. 14, 1572:

I am further to geve your honor advertisement of a greate oversight of D. Caius, who hath so long kept superstitious monumentes in his college, that the evil fame thereof caused my lord of London to write very earnestly to me to see them abolished. I could hardly have been persuadid that suche thinges had been by him reservid. But causing his owne company to make serche in that college I received an inventary of muche popishe trumpery, as vestments, albes, tunicles, stoles, manicles, corporas clothes, with the pix and sindon, and canopie, beside holy water stoppes, with sprinkles, pax, sensars, superaltaries, tables of idolles, masse bookes, portuises, and grailles, with other such stuffe as might have furnished divers massers at one instant. It was thought good by the whole consent of the heades of houses, to burne the bookes and such other things as served most for idolatrous abuses, and to cause the rest to be defacid; which was accomplished yesterday with the willing hartes, as appeared, of the whole company of that house. (Printed in Camb. Trans. in Puritan period, 1. 124.)

Remembering what were the relations between most of the fellows and their master, we can well believe with what " willing hearts" they set about the business, and how they must have enjoyed the fun of rummaging through the lodge in the hunt for the "massing abominations" which they had so long denounced. In fact Dr Caius declares that it was they who planned the outrage at a supper party, some of them keeping guard through the night lest the offensive articles should be removed. His own' account in the Annals,--if, as I presume, written by him, it must have been about his last contribution to the volume,—is dignified but bitter. He says that the work of destruction was superintended by Dr Byng, the Vice-Chancellor; Dr Whitgift, the Master of Trinity; and Dr Goade, the Provost of King's. They were engaged on the work from noon to 3, carrying it out in a shamefully sacrilegious way. The articles which they could not burn were smashed to pieces with hammers. It is added to this account, of the fellows who shared in the proceedings, but of these God removed some by death, others he removed in other ways, not without disgrace. In order that they might conceal their own fault, they laid the blame on one Dinsdale, a pensioner of the college.'

After such a deliberate attack as this, sanctioned and encouraged by the authorities of the University, upon all he held sacred, it is not surprising that he soon decided to leave college, and retire to his house in London; "much grieved and disturbed at the furious and rash zeal of those times," as Dr Brady says. He did not long survive. For many months before his death he was declining into a condition of extreme weakness. The following two letters to Archbishop Parker, the last he wrote, so far as we know, give a touching account of his condition towards the close.

Most reverend

After my dutye most humblye remembered theis be to yor grace to shewe my dutie as yt becometh me. At my last being with yo' grace I partelye showed yo1 grace the cause of my absence a lytle before, which cause hath bene the occasyon of myne not seeing

1 The following are the words of the original (MS. 371): Anno Dni 1570°, 13° Decembris discerpta dissecta et lacerata prius, combusta sunt omnia ornamenta Collegii hujus, privata authoritate Thome Bynge Procancellarii (ut ipse dicebat).. .........nec æque invisum erat illi quidquam quam nomen et imago Christi crucifixi Beate Marie et sancte Trinitatis. Nam has indignis modis tractavit dissecando et in ignem projiciendo et abominandis titulis et epithetis prosequendo. Nec hoc factum est nisi instigandis quibusdam male affectis sociis, quorum alii rem procurarunt convivio, alii, ne conserventur aut noctu sustollantur pervigiles extiterunt. Sed ex his alios Deus morte sustulit, alios aliis modis subduxit non sine ignominia. Ut celarent tamen culpam suam dissimularunt sedulo, et omnem culpam in Dinsdallum quemdam pensionarium.........Collegii nostri transtulerunt, cum tamen ipsi omnis mali authores extiterunt. Ad hæc præfuerunt foco et multum defatigati comburendo ab hora XIIa ad tertiam idem Thomas Binge, Johannes Whitegifte præfectus Collegii S. Trinitatis et Gulielmus Gode præfectus Collegii Regalis. Postremo quæ comburere nequiverunt malleis contuderunt et violarunt, et tantus erat illis fervor in religionem, ut nec beneficia personarum nec gratia in Academiam ædificio et editis libris suadere potuit moderationem.' This is from the original vellum MS. of the Annals, apparently the composition of Caius himself. The dots mark two lines which have been carefully scraped out sometime before the paper copy was made in 1656.