BUHR MUSM

7

COPYRIGHT, 1894, BY OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY.

COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY W. B. CONKEY COMPANY.

COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY R. S. PEALE AND J. A. HILL.

Gift

musim Mases/ BUHR 06/17/09

THE AMERICAN

pu-ya, s. [Native name (?).]

Bot.: A synonym of Pouretia, a genus of Bromeliaceae. (Lindley.) Puya chinensis yields an extract used in healing broken bones, and the spike

of P. lanuginosa is a transparent gum. *puz-zel, subst. [Fr. pucelle a maid.] A dirty slattern; a hussy.

puz-zle, v. t. & i. [PUZZLE, 8.]

A. Transitive:

1. To perplex, to embarrass, as with a difficult question; sometimes, to entangle.

2. To discover with difficulty (followed by out); as, to puzzle out its meaning.

B. Intrans.: To be perplexed or at a loss. puz-zle, s. [For Mid. Eng. opposaile, opposal a question for solution, from Fr. opposer to oppose, to question.] A state of embarrassment or perplexity; that which puzzles; a riddle; a toy or contrivance for exercising the ingenuity. puzzle-brain, puzzle-head, s. A person having a confused, puzzled mind.

puzzle-headed, a. Having a puzzled mind. puzzle-jug, s. A jug for producing a trick. puzzle-lock, 8. A permutation lock. puzzle-monkey, s. [MONKEY-PUZZLE.] puzzle-peg, s. A bit of wood fastened to a dog's

jaw so as to keep his nose from the ground. *puz-zle-a-tion, *puz-zled-ness, s. Mental

confusion.

*puz-zle-dom, subst. [Eng. puzzle; -dom.] Bewilderment; also the realm of puzzles. *puz-zle-měnt, s. [Eng, puzzle; -ment.] The state of being puzzled; bewilderment.

puz-zler, s. [Eng. puzzl(e), v.; -er.] One who or that which puzzles, bewilders, or perplexes. puz-zling, a. [PUZZLE, v.]

1. Perplexing, embarrassing; as, a puzzling question.

2 Being in a state of perplexity; also, easily perplexed. (L'Estrange.)

Palæont.: The typical family of the sub-order Pycnodontoidei. They abound in Mesozoic and Tertiary formations. Chief genera: Pycnodus, Gyrodus, Mesturus. Microdon, Colodus, and Mesodon. pặc-nô-dăn-tôi-đề-1, s. p. [Mod. Lat. pyc nodus, genit. pycnodont(is), and Gr. eidos-form.] Palæont.: A sub-order of Ganoidei, with two families, Pleurolepida and Pycnodontidae (q.v.); Body compressed, high and short or oval, covered with rhombic scales arranged in decussating pleurolepidal lines. Teeth on the palate and hinder part of the lower jaw molar-like.

pyc'-no-dus, s. [PYCNODONTES.] Paleont.: The typical genus of the Pycnodontidæ. Fifteen species from the Lias, four from the Chalk, and one from the Eocene.

pуc-no-gon ́-i-da, pyc-no-gon-a-ta, pуc-nogon-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. pycnogon (um); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -idæ, or neut. -ida, -ata.]

Zool.: An aberrant family or tribe of Arachnida, consisting of marine animals, having the abdomen rudimentary, and four pairs of legs enormously long and many-jointed. (Huxley.) Balfour considers the family of doubtful affinities. Some believe them Crustaceans. Parasitic or independently among stones and sea-weeds on sea-beaches, or among rocks, corals, &c., in deep water. Called also Podosomata and Pantopoda.

pуc-nog -o-num, s. [Pref. pycno-, and Gr. gony the knee.]

Zool. The typical genus of Pycnogonida (q. v.). Some are parasitic. Pycnogonum bulanarum is so on the whale. P. laterale, not a parasite, is common on various European sea coasts. pyc-nom -ě-ter, subst. [Pref. pycno-, and Eng. meter.]

specific gravities of aerated mineral waters. Chemistry: An instrument for determining the pyc-nổ-nô-ti-dæ, s. pl. [Modern Latin pycnonot(us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff.-ida.]

Ornith.: Bulbuls; a family of Passerine Birds, sometimes made a sub-family (Pycnonotine, Gray) of Turdida, or(Brachypodina, Swain.) of Timaliidae. There are nine genera and 139 species, characteristic of the Oriental region, some extending to Palestine, Japan, and the Moluccas, but all absent

pŭz-zling-ly, adv. In a puzzling manner. puz-zo-la-na, pŭz-zuô-la-na (zz as tz), s. from the Celebes. [POZZUOLAN.]

puz-zo lite (zz as tz), s. [PUZZOLANA.] pwen-yet (we as ô), s. [Burmese.] A resin, sometimes called Black Dammar, obtained in Burmah from the nest of a hymenopterous insect, Trigona læriceps. It is used for calking boats. (Cal. Exhib. Rep.)

py-æ-mi-a, py-e-ml-a, s. [Gr. pyon=pus, and haima blood.]

Pathol.: A diseased condition in which the blood is poisoned by pus or by some of its constituents; blood-poisoning; septicemia.

py-æ-mic, a. [Mod. Lat. pyæmia (q.v.); Eng. Buff. -ic.]

Pathol.: Of or belonging to Pyæmia (q. v.). py-at, py-ot, s. [PIE.]

pyc nid -I-um (pl. pyc-nid -I-a), s. [Latinized dimin. from Gr. pyknos-close.]

Bot. (pl.): The special receptacle inclosing stylospores in some Lichens and Fungals.

pyc nite, subst. [Gr. pyknos-thick; suff. -ite (Min.); Ger. pyknit.]

Min.: A variety of topaz (q. v.) found in aggregations of columnar crystals in the tin mines of Altenberg. Saxony.

pyc no-, pref. [Greek pyknos thick.] Thick, close; the meaning completed by the second ele

ment.

pyc-no-dont, subst. [PYCNODONTES.] Any individual of the sub-order Pycnodontoidei." tpyc-no-dont-eş, s. pl. [Pref. pycno-, and Gr. odous (genit. odontos)=a tooth.]

Palæont.: A family of Owen's Lepidoganoidei. pyc-no-dont-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. pycnodus, genit. pycnodont (is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ida.] boll, boy; pout, jowl; cat, çell, chorus,

*pặc-no-nô-ti-næ,s.pl. [Modern Latin pycnonot (us); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -inc.] [PYCNONOTIDE.]

pyc-no-no-tus, s. [Pref. pycno-, and Gr. nōtos the back.]

Ornith.: Bulbul; the typical genus of the family Pycnonotida (q. v.), with fifty-two species, ranging from Palestine to South Africa. Bill of medium size, strong and slightly curved; feet strong, wings moderately long: plumage generally dull, with the exception of the lower tail-coverts.

pyc-no-phyl-lite, s. [Pref. pycno-, and Eng. phyllite; Ger. pyknophyllit.]

eral found in closely.

Min. A talc-like min

so-called "Weisserde" compacted scales in the (white earth) at Aspang, Austria. Hardness, 2; specific gravity, 2:796; luster, greasy; color, leek-, apple-, and sea- Pycnonotus Arsinoe. green. Composition: A hydrated silicate of alumina, potash, soda, magnesia, and sesquioxide of iron.

pyc-no-style, s. [Gr. pyknostylos, from pyknos= frequent, thick, and stylos a pillar; Fr. pycnostyle.] Archaeology: That arrangement of Greek or Roman columns in which the intercolumniations are equal to one diameter and a half of the lower part of the shaft.

Mineral.: A name given by Breithaupt to an amorphous mineral substance, found in closely compacted grains in the serpentine of Waldheim, Saxony. Composition yet unknown.

py-ě-li-tis, s. [Gr. pyelos=a trough; suff. -itis.] Pathol.: Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney. py-gær-a, s. [Gr. pyge the rump, and airō=to lift up.]

Entomology: A genus of Notodontidae. Pugæra bucephala is the Buff-tip moth, a beautiful but sluggish insect; the fore-wings purplish-gray, with black, chocolate-colored, and white lines, and an ochery spot at the tip; the hind wings yellowishwhite, &c., clouded. The larvae feed gregariously on the oak, lime, hazel, &c.

py-garg, py-gar-gus, s. [Greek pygargos= white rump: pyge the rump, and argos-white; Fr. pugarge.]

1. Ord. Lang.: The sea-eagle or osprey. 2. Script.: Heb. Dishon, Deut. xiv. 5, is appar ently some kind of antelope.

*py-ga-thrix, s. [Gr. pyge the rump, and thrix hair.]

Zool. A genus of Simiada. Pygathrix nemæus is the Cochin China Monkey, now Semnopithecus nemæus.

py-gid-1-al, a. [Mod. Lat. pygidium; Eng. suff. al.] Pertaining to the pygidium; caudal.

py-gid-I-um, s. [Gr. pygidion, dimin. from pyge =the rump.]

Compar. Anat.: The caudal shield, or tail, of a Trilobite. It consists of anchylosed or amalgamated segments, and is usually trilobed like the thorax. There is an elevated axis, with a marginal limb. The extremity is sometimes rounded, but it may be prolonged into a spine, or the ends of the pleuræ may be extended into spine-like projections. The name is sometimes applied to the posterior segment of a flea.

pуg-me-an, pуg-mæ -an, pig-me-an, a. & s. race of Pygmies, from pygme a measure of length, [Lat. pygmaeus-dwarfish, from Gr. Pygmaioi=the the distance between the elbow and the knuckles. So called because they were reputed to be of the height of a pygme, or 134 inches.]

A. As adj.: Pertaining to a pigmy or dwarf; dwarfish, very small.

"Throng numberiess like that pygmean race." Milton: P. L., i. 780. B. As subst.: A pygmy. "These Pigmeans live in hollow caves, and holes under the ground."-P. Holland: Pliny, bk. vii., ch. ii.

pyg -my, pig-my, pig-mey, s. & a. [French pygmé-dwarfish, from Lat. Pygmæus pygmean (q. v.); Sp., Port., & Ital. pigmeo.]

A. As substantive:

I. Ordinary Language:

1. Class. Mythol.: One of a fabulous nation of dwarfs dwelling somewhere near the shores of the ocean, and maintaining perpetual wars with the cranes. Ctesias represented a nation of them as inhabiting India. Other ancient writers believed them to inhabit the Indian islands; Aristotle places them in Ethiopia, Pliny in Transgangetic India.

2. A very short or dwarfish person; a dwarf; anything very little.

"Soon grows the pigmy to gigantic size." Dryden: Virgil's Eneid, iv.

II. Zool.: The Chimpanzee.

B. As adj.: Pertaining to or resembling a pygmy; dwarfish, small, little.

"Control the course of Nature, bid the Deep Hush at thy pigmy voice her waves to sleep." Churchill: Epistle to William Hogarth. For compounds, see PIGMY pyg-my, v. t. [PYGMY, S.] To reduce to the size of a pigmy; to drawf, to stunt.

py-go-çeph-a-lus, s. [Gr. pyge the rump, and kephale the head.]

chin, bench; go, gem; thin, this; -tion, -şion

pygoderma

py-gō-der-ma, s. [Gr. pyge the rump, and derma skin.]

mata. Muzzle very short, thickened vertically, Zool.: A genus of Phyllostomina, group Stenoder interfemoral membrane short. One species, Pygoderma bilabiatum, from Mexico and Brazil. py-gop-o-deş, s. pl. [Gr. pyge the rump, pous (genit. podos) = a foot.]

and

1. In Illiger's classification, a family of Natatores, embracing the genera Colymbus, Eudytes, Uria, Mormon, Fratercula, and Alca.

2. An order of Carinate Birds, with three families, Colymbidæ, Alcidae, and Podicipedidae.

pÿ go-pod-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Latin pygopus, genit. pygopod (is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -id.] Zool. A family of two-legged lizards. Body long, covered with rounded, imbricated, quincuncial scales, a pair of rudimentary hind limbs present; head with symmetrical shields; no eyelids. Two genera, Pygopus and Delma, from Australia and

Tasmania.

pỹ -go-pus, s. [PYGOPODES.]

Zool.: The typical genus of the family Pygopidæ, with one species, Pygopus lepidopodus. It is about two feet long, and is a Saurian which has apparently degenerated toward the Ophidia.

pỹ gos-çe-lis, subst. [Gr. pyge the rump, and skelos a leg.]

Ornith. A genus of Spheniscidae, with two or three species, closely resembling those of Aptenodytes, in which it is often merged. Pygoscelis taniata (or papuensis), the Johnnie of the whalers Aptenodytes papua.

pу ja-ma, s. [Hind., Mahratta, &c.], A kind of loose wide trousers or drawers supported by cord drawn round the waist. They are much worn in India, and are generally made of a light fabric, such as silk or cotton, and are sometimes made to cover the feet entirely.

pyke, s. [Hind. paeek.] A foot-messenger; a night watchman. (East Indies.)

pуk-non, s. (Gr. neut. sing. of pyknos close.] Music: The close note. (1) A name given to those half or quarter tones which came together in the chromatic and enharmonic genera of the Greeks. (2) In medieval music, a semi-tone.

*py lǎg-or-ǎs, pyl-a-göre, s. [Gr. pylagyras.] Greek Antiq.: The legate or representative of a city sent to the Amphictyonic council.

pyl-a-göre, s. [PYLAGORAS.]

*pyle, s. (Lat. pilum=a pestle, a javelin (?).] 1. A small javelin.

2. An arrow with a square head used in a cross

bow.

3. A single grain of chaff. (Burns.)

pỹ -lon, s. [Gr. pylōn=a gateway.]

3308

pyoid-corpuscles, s. pl.

Pathol., Physiol., &c.: Pus corpuscles, with a or more small globules. (Lebert.) tolerably transparent envelope inclosing eight, ten,

py-ot, s. [PYAT.]

pyramidion

Bot.: Crataegus pyracantha, a hawthorn, with oval, lanceolate, glabrous, entire, small evergreen leaves, and coral-red flowers, from the south of Europe.

less resembling a pyramid in form.
3. Hence, applied to any mass or heap more or

"While those deputed to inter the slain
Heap with a rising pyramid the plain."
Pope: Homer's Iliad, xxiii.

tion."-Browne: Urn Burial, ch. iv.

py rǎl-1-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. pyral(is); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -ido.] Entom.: The typical family of the group Pyralidina. Antennae of the male pubescent or ciliated; wings entire, shining, with long fringes. Larva shining, wrinkled, vermiform. (Stainton.) pуr-a-lid -ě-oùs, a. [Mod. Lat. pyralid(ina); Eng. suff. -eous.] Of or belonging to the Pyralidina. main sections."-Stainton: Brit. Butterflies and Moths "The Puralideous group is further divided into two (1859), ii. 124.

pyr ǎl-i-di-na, s. pl. [Latin pyralis, genit. pyralid (is); neut. pl. adj. suff. -ina.]

tionately much longer than the hind wings; the
Entom.: A group of Moths with the fore propor-
abdomen and legs long. It contains the Pearls, the
Veneers or Grass-moths, and the Knot-horns.
pyr-a-lis, s. [Lat. from Gr. pyralis=a kind of
pigeon.]

Entom. The typical genus of Pyralid. Pyralis costalis is the Gold Fringe; P. furinalis the Mealmoth.

pyr-ǎl-lo-lite, s. [Pref. pyr; Gr allos=other, and lithos a stone; Ger. pyrallolith.]

Min.: An altered pyroxene (q. v.), intermediate Occurs mostly in limestone at several localities in in composition between true pyroxene and tale. Finland.

py-rǎme', s. [Fr.] A small water-spaniel. pyr-a-mid, *pyr-a-mis, s. [Latin pyramis (genit. pyramidis), from Gr, pyramis, from Egypt. pir-em-us=the vertical height of the structure. The Eng. plural was formerly pyramides, as in Shakesp.: Antony and Cleopatra, v. 2.]

1. Egyptian Antiquities: A solid structure substantially invariable in form, viz., a simple mass resting on a square or sometimes approximately

Arch. The mass of buildings on either side of square base, with the sides facing with slight devia

"When ascending into fresh water with their ova nearly

ready for extrusion, their pylorics are loaded with fat."Field, Dec. 26, 1885.

*pуl-o-rid-ĕ-a, s. pl. [Mod. Latin pylor (us); neut. pl. adj. suff. -idea.] Zool.: A group of Lamellibranchiata, including the genera Mya, Solen, &c. (De Blainville.) [MYA CIDE, SOLENIDE.]

py-lör -us, s. [Latin, from Gr. pylorosa gate keeper, the pylorus: pyle = a gate, and ouros=a keeper.]

Anat.: The small and contracted end of the stomach leading into the small intestines.

pỹ ở gěn ě-sís, pỹ-ò-ģē -ni-a, s. [Greek pyon pus, and Eng. genesis (q. v.).] Pathol.: The generation of pus; the theory of the formation of pus.

pỹ ō-gen-ic, a. [PYOGENESIS.] Pertaining or relating to pyogenesis; generating or forming pus.

pỹ -бìd, a. [Gr. pyon=pus, and eidos-form, appearance.] Resembling pus; partaking of the nature of pus.

fate, făt, färe, amidst, what, fâll,

tions toward the four principal winds, and tapering off gradually toward the top to a point or to a flat surface, as a substitute for an apex. The propor tion of the base to the height is not always the same, nor is the angle of inclination uniform. The pyramids were constructed in platforms, and then revêted or coated with blocks or slabs of granite, as may still be observed in incomplete pyramids. Recently the theory has been maintained that in the case of the largest pyramids, a smaller one was erected as a nucleus, and subsequently enveloped by another layer. The interior of these massive structures contains narrow passages, and some totally dark halls or chambers, and probably served as the burial-places of the kings who had caused them to be constructed. The entrance to these buildings is raised considerably above the level of the base, and was blocked up by a portcullis of sible. In the pyramid of Cheops, the entrance is granite, so as to be on ordinary occasions inacces raised about 47 ft. 6 in. above the base. The pyraand continue southward at varying intervals for mids of Egypt begin immediately south of Cairo, nearly seventy miles. The largest is that of Cheops, at Ghizeh, standing on a base each side of which was originally 764 feet long, but owing to the removal of the coating is now only 746 feet. Its perpendicular height, according to Wilkinson, was originally 480 ft. 9 in., present height, 460 ft. The principal chamber, the so-called Crowning Hall or King's Chamber, is 34 ft. 3 in. long, and 17 ft. 1 in. wide. Its roof is formed of massive blocks of

granite, over which, with a view to support the weight, other blocks are laid, with clear intervals between. According to Herodotus, the erection of this pyramid employed 100,000 men for twenty

years.

5. Geom.: A polyhedron bounded by a polygon, having any number of sides, called the base, and by triangles meeting in a common point. called the vertex. Pyramids take different names according to the natures of their bases. They may be triangular, quadrangular, &c., according as their bases are triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, &c. The base and lateral triangles are called faces: the lines in which the faces meet are called edges; the points in which the edges meet are called vertices of the pyramid. A right pyramid is one whose base is a regular polygon, and in which a perpendicular let its center. The regular pyramid is a pyramid fall from the vertex upon the base, passes through bounded by four equilateral triangles. It is called the tetrahedron.

6. Pyramid Pool: A game played with fifteen red in a tringular form at a spot at the top of the table. balls and one white ball, the former being placed The object of the players, who play in turn with the white ball, is to pocket as many red balls as pos sible.

7. Bot.: The American calumba or Indian lettuce, Frasera carolinensis.

py-răm-id-al, *py-răm‍-id-all, a. [French pyramidal.]

1. Ord. Lang.: Pertaining to, or having the form of a pyramid; pyramidical.

"The pyramidal tomb of Caius Cestius."-Eustace: Italy, vol. i., ch. xi.

2. Bot.: Conical, as the prickles of some roses. pyramidal bell-flower, s.

Bot.: Campanula pyramidalis, wild in Carniola, &c.

pyramidal-muscle, s.

Anat. A small muscle arising from the front of the pubis, and inserted into the linea alba. There is also a pyramidal muscle of the nose FIGURATE-NUMBERS (q. V.). pyramidal-numbers, subst. pl. The same as

pyramidal-zeolite, s. [APOPHYLLITE.]

pỹ răm -id al lý, ade. [Eng. pyramidal; -ly.] 1. In the form of a pyramid; like a pyramid. 2. By means of, or through the instrumentality of, a pyramid.

"To be but pyramidally extant."-Browne: Urn Burial, ch. v.

py-răm-i děl -la, s. [Dimin. from Lat. pyramis =pyramid (q. v.).]

slender, pointed with many plaited or level whorls, Zool. The typical genus of Pyramidellida. Shell side to adapt it to the columellar plaits. Recent apex sinistral, operculum indented on the inner species 111, from the West Indies, Mitius, and Australia. Fossils twelve, from the Chalk of France

and Britain onward.

della); Lat. fem. pl. adj. suff. -id.] py-răm-i-děl'-11-dæ, s. pl. [Mod. Lat. pyrami

Zool. A family of Holostomata (q. v.). Shell culum horny. Genera Pyramidella, Chemnitzia, &c. spiral, turreted, nucleus minute sinistral, oper

pyr-a-mid-ic, pýr-a-mid'-ic-al, adj. [Greek pyramidikos, from pyramis=a pyramid (q. v.).] Pertaining to or having the form of a pyramid; Pyramidal.

"Distinguishable by pyramidical figures."-Browne: Cyrus' Garden, ch. iii.

pyr-a-mid -ic-al ly, adv. [Eng. pyramidical; . In a pyramidical manner; in the form of a

pyramid.

marîne; gō, pot,