importation of foreign iron has been allowed still to endurc. [French Courier. A special messenger of our government left New | following names were reported, and by the conYork by the mail line on Sunday evening last for vention accepted, and declared to be the names of The several lines in the service of the state have Mexico, with despatches to cur minister. It was de- the "corresponding and executive committer of the a total length of 1,000 marine leagues, those of pri-signed by the government that the Missouri steamer army, navy, marine corps and revenue service vate enterprize have a total passage of 1940 hours,hould have gone to Mexico from New York, but Capt. McKenzie, U. S. A., New York, and taking the mean of 8 kilometres to the hour, we she had left for Savannah when the instructions were Lieutenant Foote, U. S. N., Philadelphia, received. find their total to be 15,520 kilometres, 3,380 leagues. [Pennsylvanian. Rev. N. Sayre Harris, New York, Mr. Z. G. D. Kinsley, West Point, Rev. T. S. Harris, chaplain, U. S. N., New York, Lieutenant Harwood, U. S. N., Brooklyn, Rev. M. P. Parks, chaplain U. S. M. A. Various resolutions were read, expressive of the views of individual members, as to what it was practicable for the convention now to attempt in furtherance of the objects for which they had met-these were referred to the corresponding and executive committee. NATIONAL INSTITUTE. M. de Bodisco, the LORD ASHBURTON. The Philadelphia In Russian minister, has presented to the National Instiquirer is indebted to a friend for the following out-stute from the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Peline of this distinguished gentleman, gleaned from tersburg, a complete set of the memoirs of the acadeauthentic sources: my, with the memoirs of foreign savans, and also the journals published by the academy under the title of the Scientific Bulletin and Collection of Transactions, and Memoirs which contribute information as to the empire of Russia. His letter is also expressive of friendly sentiments towards the institution. "Lord Ashburton, whose name has now become so familiar to the American people in consequence of the happy termination of our difficulties with Great Britain, in the settlement of which he has borne so distinguished a part, is the second son of the late Sir Francis Baring, an eminent merchant of London, who was born 18th April, 1740, created a Baronet 29th May, 1793, and who died 12th September, 1810. "Sir Francis had ten children, fine sons and five [N. Y. American. -em The secretary of the convention was directed to publish a suitable notice of the proceedings of the convention. The committee then adjourned. 1st. They will offer their services as a committee of correspondence to clergymen wishing a chaplaincy in either the army or navy, and to military and naval commanders in quest of suitable chaplains. THE SECRETARY OF WAR left the city a day It may not be amiss farther to state, for the inforor two ago on a visit to his residence in New York. Major General Scott returned to the city on Sun-mation of those interested in the objects of the condaughters. The eldest son is the present Sir Tho-day morning from a tour of inspection of the military vention, that the corresponding and executive commas Baring, born in 1772. The second, Alexander, posts on the northern and western frontiers--from mittee held its first meeting in the evening after the now Lord Ashburton, who was born 27th October, Lake Ontario, via Mackinaw, to the Mississippi adjournment of the convention, but owing to the in1774, and married Ann Louisa, eldest daughter of bracing a journey of near four thousand miles, which disposition of one and the necessary absence of anothe late William Bingham, esq., of Philadelphia, (a he performed in thirty-nine days. [Nat. Int. Oct. 18. ther member, a majority was not present. They senator of the United States), on 23d August, 1798. will meet again, in the city of New York, on the 31st The third brother, Henry, was born in 1786, and inst. when they will take the necessary steps for carwas married to the second daughter of Mr. BingSILK AND COTTON. WASHINGTON, OCT. 14th, rying into immediate effect the following objects, ham, from whom he was divorced, after having had 1842. An important decision has just been made by concurred in by the unanimous voice of the convenby her two sons and two daughters. The two bro-the treasury department in relation to the duties on tion: thers, Alexander and Henry, were the leading part-goods composed of silk and cotton; large quantities ners in the celebrated banking house under the firm of which are understood to be piled up in the public of Baring & Brothers, in London, which from its ex-stores in New York. The rate is fixed at 30 per cent. tensive transactions in loans, stocks, &c. accumulat- instead of being levied by weight, as would be the ed great wealth, and was for several years the agent case if the goods composed of this mixed material of the Bank of the United States, in that city. were to pay the silk duty. The appraisers in New "The family of the Barings is descended in a di-York were in favor of this rate, but the collector put rect line from the Rev. Franz Baring, who was a a different construction on the act, on the ground that clergyman of the Lutheran church, at Bremen, one the goods were subject to duty as if composed entireof whose sons, John, emigrated to England in the ly of silk. Owing to the manner in which the law latter part of the sixteenth century, where he mar-was framed, either construction would be right, and ried, and died. between the two, the government have chosen the one which will produce the most revenue. The circular will be issued as speedily as possible. In the meantime letters will no doubt be written to the collectors of the principal ports to this effect, to enable the importers to enter the goods at once, and to relieve their minds, which are now held in suspense, as to whether they shall pay 30 or 300 per cent. duty. [Express. "Lord Ashburton obtained his title to the peerage by letters patent, April 10, 1835, and in virtue of his office, which he then held under the ministry as president of the board of tra e and master of the mint, became a member of the privy council and one of the cabinet. "The Barony of Ashburton was originally conferred upon the celebrated lawyer John Dunning, a native of that place, who married a sister of Sir Francis Baring. He was succeeded by his son Richard, who was the second Lord Ashburton, and who died without issue in 1825. The Barony thus became extinct, and remained so until the creation of his cousin, the present Lord Ashburton, who is the third lord holding that title, and upon whom it was conferred with reference to the relationship which he sustained to his predecessor. "Lord Ashburton has had a family of nine chil St. Bartholomew's Church, dren. His two eldest sons William Bingham and Communications from various quarters, expressing Francis, are members of parliament, the first of the views and wishes of their respective authors in whom is married to a daughter of the earl of Sand-relation to the objects of the convention, were receivwich, and the second to Clare Hortense a Frenched and read. lady, and daughter of the duke de Bassano. The Whereupon, in order that due consideration might was particularly appropriate, from the fact that his Resolved 1st. That a standing committee of seven NATIONAL AFFAIRS. MEXICAN LEGATION. The bark Eugenia, arrived on 15th inst. at New York from Vera Cruz, brought as passengers, General Almonte, Mexican minister to the United States, J. M. G. La Vega, T. Chanero, A. Almonte, and S. Yturbide, attached to the Mexican legation. Resolved 2d, That said committee be required fully to report its proceedings to this convention, at its next meeting. Resolved 3d, That when this convention adjourn, it adjourn to meet in St. Bartholomew's church in the city of New York, on the last Wednesday in June, 1843. Resolved 4th, That the communication read to this convention be committed to the corresponding and executive committee. A committee was then appointed by the chair, to nominate suitable persons to compose the corresponding and executive committee, whereupon the | 2d. They will seek to procure for publication a suitable manual of devotions to be used on occasions of either private or public worship, by officers, in the absence of a chaplain or other officiating clergyman. 3d. They will prepare and publish a catalogue of tracts, sermons and books suitable for the libraries of military and naval stations. 4th. They will seek by correspondence to awaken attention to the importance of sustaining every right effort for the improvement of the intellectual, moral and religious condition of the services, and for this purpose they invite the attention of all who are interested in this noble cause. The foregoing objects, the subscriber risks nothing in saying, will engage the early attention of the committee; and they are here indicated, that the public may be apprized of the leading objects which the convention and the committee, as the organ of the convention, would seek to promote. All communications intended for the committee should be addressed (postage paid) to the Rev. N. Sayre Harris, 281 Broadway, N. York. (Signed.) M. P. PARKS, Sec'y. of the Convention. THE NAVY. The United States steamer Poinsett, arrived at New York on the 16th instant in twenty nine hours from Norfolk. John A. Davis, lieut. commandant. NAVAL COURT MARTIAL. The president has been pleased to approve the sentence of lieut. Pinckney, which is stated to be six months suspension and a public reprimand. Lieut. Noble, of the Warren, has been acquitted; the sentences of the other officers of the ship, have not yet been made public. THE NAVY YARD AT CHARLESTOWN, (MASS.) The following are the names of vessels at this yard at the present time. On the stocks Vermont ship-of-the-line-could be launched and ditto. The Cumberland, (44 guns)-she could be fitted for sea in 60 days. The frigate Potomac, (44 guns) recently returned from the Brazil station-could be prepared for sea in 22 days. The store ship Erie, (6 guns)-in complete order for sea. The brig Bainbridge, carries 10 guns, and is completely ready for sea. Brig Comet, built for the exploring expedition, used recently for a receiving ship, at Portland. Razee Independence, capt. Silas H. Stringham, now attached to the home squadron. The Ohio, ship-of-the-line. This vessel is used for a receiving ship. She had on board at one time during last summer, about 1,200 hands. There are at this time about 196 apprentices under the tuition of a schoolmaster. The greatest number of men employed in the yard, when the work requires it, is 700; at present there are, all told, 250. 1 gain 1 gain 0 The Richmond Enquirer, Raleigh Standard, &c., insist on a convention. PAIXHAN GUNNERY. A splendid exhibition of the (as a leader, we are satisfied, we shall have nothing powers of the Paixhan gun, took place at Castle Gar- to fear." den, New York, on the 11th instant. A target was moored on the bay, the gun, carrying 120 pound shot, fired with a noise more like the bursting of a volcano than the discharge of a cannon-a cloud of smoke enveloped the fort, and the immense mass of iron went bounding along on the water, striking it in one case six times, at each time throwing up a mass of foam as big as a house; a succession of brilliant pyramids. mery, 1 The Baltimore Patriot of the 18th says: "The Globe continues to attack the late treaty with Eng-Huntingdon, Union, Mifflin, Juniata, and Perry, land, and through these attacks, aims its blows at Lycoming, Northumberland, Mr. Calhoun for voting for it! Of late the Globe Centre and Clinton, seems to go on the side of Mr. Van Buren for the presidency." The Madisonian sees this, and thus Westmoreland, Washington, closes a long article upon the subject: "As we intimated the other day, a partisan war Fayeite and Greene, TREATY WITH THE SACS AND FOXES. will soon be made against the treaty. The Missouri Jefferson, M'Kean, Warren, &c. 1 We learn from the Burlington Advertiser, that Go-legislature will strike the first blow. Let our rea vernor Chambers of Iowa, has received instructions ders mark the prediction. It is not a war against to treat with the Sacs and Foxes for their title to the administration-it is not a war against Mr. Web-V. Buren majority 5. the lands which they now occupy in Iowa. It is un-ster-but it is intended, however insidiously, as a derstood that the Indians are now willing to sell their DEATH BLOW TO JOHN CATILINE CALJands, provided they can be allowed to move south and west of the Missouri river, whither a portion of the tribe removed some years since. Gov. Cham bers is the sole commissioner. The annuities due the Indians were paid at the agency about ten days ago. A census of the tribe was taken, and it was found that there was about 2,500 souls, being an increase of 200 since the enumeration last year. This increase has been made by a party of the Missouri Sacs, who had come to the agency a few days previous, and mingled with the tribe, for the purpose of receiving a share of the money. Keokuk and his band had induced the Missouri Sacs to play this game, and had laid a plan by which he and his men were to attack the party, after they had received the money and take it from them-thereby securing a greater share of the annuity than would otherwise fall to his share. It was represented to the Missouri Indians that the Sacs of the Mississippi were rich, and were willing to divide with the Missouri Sacs, who were very poor. as an act of charity and good will. Another census was taken, the number was found to be about 2,300 souls-and the sum of $41,000 was distributed by payment to the heads of families. About 1,500 whites were present, some for the purpose of securing the payment of debts due to them-others to trade and traffic-and others from curiosity; but the most numerous class went with the expectation of a treaty being held, and to see the country, in order to secure a good claim should a treaty he formed. The dragoons who were present had some difficulty in preserving order, and it is alledged, that they "treated some of the most respectable citizens with insolence, merely because their curiosity, or perhaps their interest, have led them to visit the Indian country. [St. Louis Era. THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR. Washington, Oct. 19, 1842. To the Merchants of the United States: HOUN.” The Globe used to call Mr. Calhoun the modern "CATILINE," and it is to this the Madisonian signifi- STATES OF THE UNION. MAINE. THANKSGIVING. The governor of Maine has appointed Thursday, the 17th of November, as a day of thanksgiving in that state. VERMONT. 19 14 Lycoming, Clinton, &c. The legislature met at Montpelier on the 13th For lieutenant governor. John Spalding, 24,130 Schuylkill, 35 Bradford, 2,093 Susquehanna, Union, Mifflin and Juniata, 27,713 Venango and Clarion, 25,154 Westmoreland, Fayette and Greene, 97 For Treasurer. 27,610 Washington, 24.137 RHODE ISLAND. The Providence Evening Chronicle says that the story about Mr. Adams volunteering his services in behalf of Messrs. Pearce and Anthony has no foundation in truth. The Boston American says also, "we can state from the most unquestioned authority that there is not one word of truth in the assertion." The minister of foreign affairs of the republic of Ecuador has officially announced to this consulate, by a despatch, dated March 10, 1842, that a treaty of peace and friendship between the republic, and the government of Spain, was concluded at Madrid on New Jersey. the 19th day of February, 1840, and the ratifications thereof have been duly exchanged. ELECTIONS. I deem it proper, therefore to notify the merchants of the United States of the increased security they Bergen, may now enjoy in their commerce with that republic Hudson, from the happy termination of the afflicting state of Passaic, war which has long existed against it on the part of Essex, the Spanish monarchy. JAMES H. CAUSTEN, consul of Ecuador. Morsis, NEW JERSEY. We have the complete returns from PRESIDENTIAL. MR. CALHOUN. The Globe Warren, in relation to the rumor of Mr. Calhoun's being de- Hunterdon, termined not to submit to the decision of a National Mercer, Convention, remarks that the announcement comes: Somerset, too late and adds that "the resolutions we published Monmouth, a few days since, passed by the democratic party in Burlington, Charleston, nominating Mr. Calhoun for the presi- Gloucester, 1 dency, but expressing the determination of a cheer- Salem, ful acquiescence in the decision of a national con- Cumberland, vention, we suppose will put this matter at rest." 1274 33 Mercer, Luzerne and Wyoming, Jefferson, Warren, & M'Kean, V. Buren majorty in house 24. Last year. W. L. 543 33 3 34 4 5 2 5813 22 House of representatives, 62 The following returns from Somerset and correction of the returns from Calvert, which however do not vary the general result, have been received since last week and complete the summary then publish ed. SOMERSET COUNTY. Senate. 958 Hyland, Whig V. B. Williams, 838 Atlantic, Delegates. The Edgefield (S. Carolina) Advertiser, published Cape May, near the district of Mr. Calhoun and Mr. McDuffie, hoists its presidential flag thus: "For President-JOHN C. CALHOUN. 10 8 33 25 9 9 35 23 Langford, 876 Handy, 937 874 Fleming, 907 849 Roach, 603 Dashiell, 848 Burnett, 544 hope our patrons will find no fault with our thus NOT SUBJECT TO THE ACTION OF ANY CONVENTION. in council, and 8 in the house. PENNSYLVANIA. Curtis, 962 Slemons, 1,028 as our first and ONLY choice, as a proper person to fill Old members holding over, soon unfurling our banner to the breeze. We are, Keystone, gives the following statement and relative LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE. The Harrisburg SENATE. V. B. 11 Morsell 399 Allnut 432 384 Weem} 405 118 ness concerns! always been found in opposition to the attempt. cessities of the people and of the treasury. How ALABAMA. The Tuscaloosa, (Ala.) Flag of the Union says-Your voice has ever been on the side of protection did their opponents meet them? Here was a fine op"We are unusually gratified to be enabled to inform to the industry of your own country, against the portunity to manifest the truth and sincerity of their cause of their dissatisfaction with the bill. But our readers, upon the most undoubted authority, that blighting competition of foreign labor, controlled by profession that the land clause was the exclusive all the liabilities of this state, for the present year, foreign capital. The saline waters of Onondaga are believed to be when stript of that clause we find them, with but And when they cannot in1842, have been anticipated, i. e. that they have in every instance, both in Europe and the U. States. inexhaustible, and sufficient capital has already few exceptions, as unrelenting and determined in been provided for before the day of payment. To been invested in the manufacture of salt from them their opposition as ever. many of our readers it may not be uninteresting to to furnish half the quantity consumed in the United voke the aid of veto and ditto, they fulminate deadd that the entire debt of the state for bank capital, States. Under a system of just protection, that ca- nunciations of repeal! As if the country were to (which is the only debt the state owes), now out-pital was profitably employed, and thousands of la- be kept in a state of perpetual agitation, and no restanding in the form of bonds, is only $9,874,550.- borers in this and other dependent branches of in- pose or security was to be allowed to its great busiShowing a reduction, since the last official reports, dustry, received a comfortable subsistence. But under the late existing laws this important inof more than one million of dollars. The whole interest payable in the year 1843, will be $504,635, terest has just reached this lowest point of depresfalling due generally in January and July, and se- sion. Capital is without its return, and labor withveral of the banks, availing themselves of the pre-out its reward. For the future, we hope much from the recent lesent favorable rates of exchange on Europe, have al-j ready remitted the funds necessary to meet the pay- gislation of congress in establishing a tariff of duties ments due in January. A state thus prompt cannot upon foreign products; affording as is believed, But we cannot forget that the war-cry of repeal long labor under the unjust influences of a depressed fair measure of protection to domestic industry. credit, brought on as we are compelled to infer, not by any circumstance connected with the currency has already been sounded. itself, but by an unhallowed combination of money shavers and brokers to line their pockets with the earnings of the people; by taking advantage of the distrust pervading all the commercial countries of the world, brought about by the great crisis in monetary affairs through which we are just passing, and affording too good an opportunity unjustly and injuriously to depress the credit of our state and her citizens." MISSOURI. a to I trust that the cooler reflection of these gentlemen will prompt them to abstain from any attempt its improvement, by suitable amendments, if any totally to repeal the law, and limit their exertions to But if they should perseshall be found necessary. vere in their announced purpose, the people are comIn my humble opinion there is no just objection petent to apply the proper corrective. the salt tax. Its equality is undeniable. All consume it, and pay in proportion to their consumption; At such a crisis, when that great system of which cy, moreover, is to equalize the price of the article the honor of being the founder belongs to you, and the rich who use most paying the most. Its tendenwhich it was your ambition to establish upon a between the inhabitants of the seaboard who use sound and permanent basis, had been suddenly pros-marine or foreign salt, and those of the interior who trated, and when dangers are again threatening use that of our salines. And the competition bearound it, your eminent services in the public coun- tween the two descriptions is sure to keep the price cils in behalf of that beneficent system, cannot but within reasonable limits. be justly appreciated. The eyes of the nation again turn to you. In conclusion. sir, we beg leave to express the SILVER MINE. A late number of the Osage Ea-try. gle, published at Springfield, Missouri, contains the following article: "We learn from a respectable man, that an extensive silver mine has been found in the western part of Dade county. It is said to extend some ten or fifteen miles in length. We will give the particu lars after we visit the place ourself." Als for human expectations! Before the editor could get to the place, nay before he could get his paper to press, the silver mine bad vanished, and he found it necessary to add the following postscript: Since the foregoing was put in type, we have seen a piece of the mineral from the mine above spoken of, which, on examination, turns out to be copper." MISCELLANEOUS. Syracuse, (N. Y.) Sept. 10, 1842. HON. HENRY CLAY. Dear sir. It having recently become known among your friends in this town that one of our citizens had received a request from you to purchase and forward to you a quantity of Onondaga salt, for use upon your farm at Ashland, a large meeting was immediately assembled, at which it was resolved to ask your acceptance, free of charge, of a small invoice, containing specimens of the various kinds of salt manufactured from our saline waters. JOHN G. FORBES, MR. CLAY'S ANSWER. Ashland, 24th Sept., 1842. GENTLEMEN: I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your friendly letter of the 10th inst., transmitting an invoice of twenty-three barrels of salt and one box, embracing all the varieties manufactured at Syracuse, and a list of my friends who have done me the favor to contribute it. In consequence of my experience of the superiority of the Onondaga salt, in the preservation of meat, and in all other uses to which that article is applied, I requested my friend, Mr. Spencer, to have forwarded to me a small supply. I had not the slightest expectation that my request would have attracted any other than the usual attention, much less that it should have elicited a present so liberal, and which comes recommended to me by so many flattering and friendly circumstances. I am advised this morning of the safe arrival of the salt at Maysville, and it will reach this place in a day or two. I know not how to express, in terms corresponding with my feelings, my great obligations for this acceptable present. I request you to offer for it, to those who contributed it, collectively and individually, my cordial and grateful acknowledgment. a They have done me the honor to send it to me as The undersigned were appointed a committee to testimony of their confidence and esteem, and esadvise you of the shipment, and to express to you, pecially in consequence of my devotion to our Amein behalf of the meeting, the high estimation in rican and domestic interests. I can never cease, which your character and public services are held. gentlemen, to regard it as a duty, not to be neglect We now take great pleasure in advising you of the ed by the general government, to afford sufficient shipment of twenty three barrels, to the care of Ja- protection to those interests. The form of that pronuary & Son, Maysville, Ky., with instructions to detection is a question of subordinate consequence liver to you, free of charge. You will find specimens of common and solar salt, ground and refined dairy salt, which, we venture to say, will prove equal to the best quality of the imported article. A very large number of your friends, as will be seen by the enclosed list of names accompanying the invoice, have shared in the gratification of exhibit ing this small but sincere manifestation of the grate ful sense which they entertain for your unwavering devotion to the great interests of American industry in all its branches. Wishing a revival and long continuation of the prosperity of the salt manufacture of your town, and health and happiness to yourselves and those whom you represent, I am faithfully, your friend H. CLAY. and ob't serv't. Messrs. Amos P. Granger, John G. Forbes, Geo. F. Comstock, &c. &c. &c. MR. CLAY IN THE WEST. From the Dayton Journal of the 8d instant we copy the following account of Mr. CLAY's progress after leaving that city. Mr. CLAY reached Eaton on Friday evening. He was met by a number of people, and welcomed in a very handsome address by FELIX MARSH, esq., to which he responded in an exceedingly happy manner in a speech of about thirty minutes. The people were afterwards addressed by Mr. CRITTENDEN, Governor METCALFE, and CHARLES ANDERSON, of this place. At 10 o'clock on Saturday morning the company reached the state line. Here some five or six thousand people were ready to receive Mr. CLAY. At this point he took leave of Ohio in terms the most feeling and eloquent. Arriving at Richmond shortly afterwards, TWENTY THOUSAND Hoosiers were found waiting to welcome him to Indiana. He addressed tion. It appears that a petition to him to emancipate this crowd in a speech two hours and a half in his slaves had been gotten up previous to his arrival, length, nearly half of which was devoted to aboliand was presented to him upon the stand. In his frank, open, and undisguised manner he gave his opinion of the petition that had been made to him, and of slavery and abolition in general. We have no room to refer to the matter of his address, but have only to say that it was most convincing to all The yearly meeting of the Society of Friends, who heard him, and was well received by every one. then in session at Richmond, and attended by over five thousand Friends, condemned the petition as improper and unbecoming, and censured such of their members as were concerned in it. This action of the meeting was conveyed to Mr. CLAY by a committee of that body. A large number of the Friends listened to his speech-visited him afterwards, and had full conversation with him on the subjects of slavery, the petition, and the movements of the political abolitionists. They disconnect themselves entirely from that party, and maintain their own consistent ground in relation to slavery. The manner Mr. CLAY treated the petition received their cordial approbation. Mr. CLAY was at Centreville six miles beyond Richmond, on Sunday night, and was to leave there next morning for Indianapolis. That is best which commands the most satisfaction and promises the greatest durability. I had suppos ed that no man would controvert the power and the duty of government, in imposing duties for revenue, to make liberal discrimination for the benefit of domestic industry. About the period of 1824, when the power of affording direct protection was first strenuously contested, that of incidental protection was freely and unreservedly conceded. But nothing can conciliate or appease the spirit of visionary free trade. And we now behold the dawn of opposition to all protection, either direct or incidental. The CLAY FESTIVAL. The 5th of October, 1842, will Indeed, sir, those whose sentiments we are in- tariff of 1832 was framed under the hope that it structed to communicate, feel that your public ser- would quiet all discontents and produce general reThe anticipations of our citivices have laid them under a weigher debt of gra- conciliation. It moderated the pre-existing duties. be a day ever to be remembered by the people titude than they can express by as imperfect mark The tariff of 1842, recently passed, provides a scale of the Hoosier state. of their respect and esteem. Connected as they of duties generally lower than that of 1832. Yet it zens were high as to the number that would attend thousands would come up to welcome and to do honimmediately or remetely, with this important is scarcely passed, before the war cry of repeal is the reception and the barbecue; they calculated that brauch of domestic in 'ust y, they know that their raised against it. The party opposed to the whigs, during the pro- or to the great western statesman; but they did not own posperity and happiness witally depend upon the maintenance of the principles which have guided gress of the bill, with the land clause, through con- expect that the city and environs would be literally your pablie life. They gratefully remember, that gress, professed to be animated only by opposition crammed with living masses of enthusiastic and adin the councils of the nation, you have ever been to that clause. The bill passed, and then the veto miring human beings. To attempt a description of the constant ori nd and cloquent advocate of Ameri- was applied. A majority of the whigs adopted the the scenes of the day would be folly. The powers While oicers have sought the prostra- painful but patriotic resolution to make a temporary of the ablest pen would be inadequate to the task — fyre sult manufacturing and other great inte- sacrifice of the principle of distribution, to secure Such a congregation and such a display must be witow grown into national importance, you have the passage of a measure demanded alike by the ne-nessed to be realized. arc. At at early hour on the 4th the people began to economy. But we should not despair, seeing our army that the battle-sword was given by the chief come in. In the afternoon they poured in in proces-state is so blessed with an extent of fertile soil, to general Greene, at the earnest solicitation of the sions of fifties and of hundreds, from almost every yielding its annual riches to the labor of the hus-latter; and it is since presumed to have been lost at county in the state, with banners and music. bandman; and while we have such treasures in our sea, with the baggage of the general, while going coal and iron, which only require the hand of indus- from Newport to Charleston. Ex-president Jackson try to be exerted to reap a full reward. was pleased to say that he would cause inquiry to be Our anthracite and bituminous coal fields may be made among the surviving relatives of gen. Greene; literally considered to be inexhaustible. With such but nothing has yet transpired touching this most ina boundless treasure, possessed by no other Atlantic teresting memorial of America's heroic age. state with such easy access, we have the mainspring of prosperity, which will not only attract to use the labor and capital of other states, but will enable us advantageously to exchange with them the products of industry. At reviews and upon occasions of distinguished ceremony Washington wore a dress sword, with a plain sword knot, but always resumed the green hilted hanger as his sword of service. The morning of the 5th was ushered in with a saJute of twenty-six guns by capt. Mead's company from Fayette. At an early hour the streets were alive with new comers. They continued to roll on, mass after mass, until about 10 o'clock, when a procession was attempted to be formed to proceed to the east end of Washington street to meet Mr. CLAY.Attempted, we say, because the marshals found it impracticable to reduce such an immense assemblage to order. After considerable time and difficulty, however, the military, carriages, wagons, and horsemen were formed into a procession. The thou-fundamental importance of coal to that nation. Mc-neral should be blue, richly embroidered with gold. sands upon thousands who were on foot lined the fence tops, house tops, and sidewalks, eager to catch only a glimpse of Mr. CLAY through the thick clouds of dust that filled and hung over the town. After receiving our distinguished guest, the procession moved on to town, down Washington street to Tennessee street, thence north to Market street, and thence east to the grove on gov. NOBLE's farm, where the speaker's stand had been erected and the barbecue prepared. The vast multitude having gathered in a dense mass around the stand, gov. NOBLE, in a very appropriate address, in the name and in behalf of the people of Indiana, welcomed Mr. CLAY to the capi tal, when Mr. CLAY rose to respond a spontaneous and hearty huzza burst from the assembled people.— Of his speech it is not necessary for us to say more than that it was just what might have been expected from such a man on such an occasion. The manner in which it was received by the listening throng demonstrated the power of the speaker, and the high gratification of the vast auditory. He descanted with great plainness, but with thrilling interest, upon the important questions of public policy which now agitate the public mind—a tariff, a national currency, distribution of the proceeds of the public lands, a modification of the veto power, and an economical administration of the government. He contrasted the creeds of the two great parties in the U. States, and called upon the people, by all they held dear and sacred, to ponder carefully the great questions which divide the two parties, and to think and act for themselves in view of their own welfare and happiness, and the prosperity and glory of their beloved country. The close of his speech was eloquent and sublime, and must have made a deep and abiding impression upon the mind and heart of every lover of his country. The intelligence of England is fully aware of the In 1798, when appointed to his last command, it was arranged that the costume of the lieutenant geWashington inquired whether the embroidery could be executed in the United States? And being informed that it was necessary it should be obtained abroad, he declined the arrangement altogether.Some magnificent plumes of the Carolina heron, of surpassing size and snowy whiteness, were presented by major general Charles Cotesworth Pinckney as decorations for the hat. These the old chief gave away to his adopted daughter, Mrs. Lewis, preferring to be attired in the veteran colors of liberty, the blue and buff, with the plain three cornered hat and black ribband cockade, the enduring memorials of the days of his country's taial. CANADIAN POLITICS. Should the trade stimulate our population only a twentieth part, what may we not expect? I would ask if we are a people likely to throw away any of We inserted some days ago an extract from a very the advantages happily placed in our hands by na- valuable article in the Colonial Gazette, giving an acture? Mr. Buddle, who understands this subject bet-count of the state of parties in Canada, and specuter than any other man in Europe, stated before par-lating on the probable results of the approaching sesliament as his opinion-"that the manufacturing in-sion of the provincial parliament. The article in questerest of this country, [Great Britian] colossal as is tion is one of a series of communications from Monthe fabric which it has raised, rests principally on no treal, which have from time to time during the preother basis than our fortunate position with regard to sent year appeared in that paper. They are evident. the rocks [Carboniferous] of this series. Should our ly written by some one on the spot, having under his coal mines ever be exhausted, it would melt away eye the men and matters respecting which he writes, at once, and it need not be said that the effect pro- but judging them with a largeness and impartiality duced on private and domestic comfort, would be of view which lead us to suppose that he has been equally fatal with public wealth. We should lose accustomed to have a larger than any mere colonial many advantages of our high civilization, and much field of politics under his eye. Be the author who of our cultivated grounds must be shaded with fo- he may, however, his communications are most valurests to afford fuel for the remnants of our presentable as well as interesting, and it is to be hoped that population." the warnings which he gives to the home government will not be thrown away. Manchester After the barbecue had been served up, Mr. CRIT-ed. TENDEN, the distinguished senator from Kentucky, their inhabitants: and lately attorney general of the United States, was called to the stand. His speech was noble, eloquent, triumphant. He extorted the warmest admiration of all parties. It was worthy of himself, and fully sustained his high reputation as an orator and a statesMr. CRITTENDEN was followed by gov. METCALFE, and he by hon. J. L. WHITE, of Indiana, whose speeches were received with loud applause.In the evening, senators WHITE and SMITH (and perbaps others) addressed large crowds with distinguished ability. man. 1811. 98,573 94,276 85,783 62,564 76,433 Sheffield 35,810 New Castle on Tyne 27,587 Merthyr Tydvil 15,720 Wolverhampton 14.836 1831. 156 986 22,083 24,782 It is a fact that nearly all the improving portion of England are situated on that geological range which It is evident, from the statement thus laid before includes the rocks which bear the coal, and every us of the present state of things in Canada, that the one of the great manufacturing towns is there plac-session of provincial parliament now about to comThe following list will show the increase of mence will determine, for some time at least, the principle upon which Canada is to be governed, and the prospects of the colony. The principle of responsible government proposed by Lord Durham, and carried into effect by Lord Sydenham, will be severely tested. Lord Sydenham, whose object had been that of carrying the union by an entire breaking up of all existing parties, conducted the government during the first session of the united parliament by means of an administration composed of various members of different parties, consenting to act together and carry out his views from confidence in him.McCulloch asks to what is to be ascribed the as-This administration contained no recognised leader On Friday morning Mr. CLAY and his suite, accom- tonishing increase of these cities and the compara- of any of the parties or sections in the assembly.panied by a number of our citizens, left here for tively stationary or declining state of Canterbury, Lord Sydenham himself was the real leader of his Ashland, by way of Madison. This visit of Mr. Winchester, Salisbury and other towns in the south administration. His energy, his talent, his thorough CLAY to Indiana will constitute an epoch in our his- of England? "It cannot," he says "be pretended knowledge of parliamentary tactics, enabled him to tory. His brilliant reception at the state line, his with any show of reason, that the inhabitants of the keep together this weak and heterogéneous administriumphal march through the state, his reception at former are naturally more ingenious, enterprising tration; in most cases to gather round it a majority the seat of government by 50,000 freemen, his mag- and industrious than the latter. The abundance and by the occasional accession of one or other section, nificent speech, and the joy and enthusiasm of the cheapness of coal in the north, and its scarcity and or of various members of different sections of the people will make his visit a memorable and never-to-consequent high price in the south, is the real cause assembly, and thus to carry it successfully through be-forgotten event in the history of Indiana. of this striking discrepancy. The citizens of Glas- the first session of parliament. With Lord Syden[Indiana Journal of Oct. 7. gow, Manchester, &c., are able at a small expense, ham this administration lost its strength, and stood RETURN OF HENRY CLAY. The Lexington (Ky.) comparatively, to put the most powerful and com- forth to public view confessedly as destitute of the Intelligencer of 13th ult. says: plicated machinery in motion, and to produce re-support of a parliamentary majority. Our beloved fellow-citizen, HENRY CLAY, has re-sults quite beyoud the reach of those who have not turned to the quiet and peaceful shades of Ashland. the same command over coal; or, as it has been hapHis course, throughout his recent journey, has been pily defined "hoarded labor." Our coal mines have one of unmingled satisfaction and pleasure. Every sometimes been called the "Black Indies," and it is where along his whole route, he was met and greeted certain that they have conferred a thousand times by crowds of his fellow-citizens, in a manner becom- more real advantage on us than we have derived ing his long distinguished public services, and evi- from the conquest of the Mogul Empire, or than we dencing the strong hold which he has upon the affec- should have reaped from the dominion of Mexico or tions of the people. His health has been much im- Peru." proved by his travels; and, with the exception of the effects of the fatigue consequent upon such a journey we have never seen him look better. [U. S. Gazette. Sir Charles Bagot, on his arrival, adopted the administration of his predecessor; and, as he has been enabled to go on for nearly a year without meeting his parliament, his ministry has of course stood by his good will. Some additions and changes, which circumstances rendered necessary, have been from time to time made by him in the spirit of Lord Sydenham's policy: he has endeavored to carry still further the system of fusing parties in his executive council. Having three appointments to give away, WASHINGTON'S SWORD. he conferred two on very active members of the two [From the Custis recollections and Private Memoirs of most opposite parties in Upper Canada, and offered the third with accidental ill-success to a French Cathe life and character of Washington.] THE COAL OF PENNSYLVANIA. Since the Washington's sword of service was a plain green nadian generally much esteemed. But this policy passage of the tariff there is evidently a better feel- hilted hanger. (See an accurate representation of has succeeded very ill with Sir Charles Bagot; neiing in regard to the prospects of the state of Fenn- the same in the original picture by C. W. Peal, now ther of the two gentlemen brought into office possessed quite sufficient influence to carry his party sylvania. Her internal improvements, while they in the hall of the National Institute.) hang like a mill stone around her neck, on account It is a matter of regret that this venerable and in- with him; but each was sufficiently conspicuces to of their great expense, are still not hopeless. Much teresting relic of the revolution has never been heard, render this step such an obvious exaggeration of the may yet be done by a proper system of industry and of since the peace of 1783. It was supposed in the system of fusion as to offend both the parties which it was intended to conciliate. The fact is, that Sir Charles Bagot, though his intentions appear to be excellent, and though his administration has in general been judicious and fair, does not possess that vigor, skill, and commanding character that enabled Lord Sydenham to bring a similar policy to a successful issue. The public do not look upon him as they did on Lord Sydenham, as the real head of the existing ministry; but the different members of the council appear to it in the light of equal members of a very ill-assorted coalition, without a head and with out a party. means of having their own way in Upper Canada. Upper Canada reformers; and they have, I think, So, after all that has been said and done of late more political honor than any other party in this about Radicalism and disaffection in Canada, it ap- country, as finding it more needful in their abject pears that a resolute tory governor might form a condition as a race, while they cannot be blind to loyal tory administration resting on the support of the ultimate ruin for themselves which would hap the representative body. I have no doubt of it. pen through a disaffected union of the Lower Cana"But now let me point to certain not very remote da British, and the Upper Canada reformers, with an consequences of such a course, the prospect of eye to help from the Anglifying Americans. I think which can be agreeable to those only who desire a that they would even be reasonable in their demands, separation from England Lord Sydenham's policy not asking for more than might be properly granted, being totally reversed-the tories of Upper Canada but provided always that the concessions were suffiand the French of Lower Canada, as such, being cient to prove the governor general in earnest. They This administration, the correspondent of the Co- patronized by the imperial power, and invested with have been so often taken in, that they may be parlonial Gazette very decidedly asserts, cannot stand legislative and executive power in their respective doned for being very suspicious. In dealing with through the first week of the approaching session.-divisions of the province; the British of Lower Ca- them, Sir Charles Bagot's goodness of heart and toEvery body in the colony, he tells us, expects that nada, whose first sentiment is a horror of French tal want of guile would be very serviceable to him. the first act of the assembly will be a vote of want domination,' and the reformers of Upper Canada, "Let us recapitulate. The present state of things of confidence. The thing seems so probable that we who dread and hate the tories, against whose exclu cannot last over another month. The assembly is have no hesitation in assenting to the anticipation.sive rule, in fact, some of them rebelled, would join is sure to condemn the present executive. It would The question will then arise as to the course which as one man for the purpose of overturning the new be madness in the governor general to defy the asthe government would take in consequence of such combination. And they would not be very particu-sembly. In order to get a majority of the assembly a vote. The correspondent of the Gazette seems ot lar about the means to be employed for attaining their to go along with him, Sir Charles Bagot must needs think there can be no question that the governor ge- object. The British of Lower Canada, speaking adopt a policy and form a council different from neral must defer to it, and change his executive generally, and allowing for exceptions, save as their those of his predecessor. Two schemes present council; indeed, he feels confident that the great part desire to Anglify the French without mercy makes themselves to his choice. The one would be the of its members are so pledged to the principle of re- them cling to the British connexion as their best greatest possible change from what now is; the other sponsible government that, even in the event of the support in that pursuit, are essentially a democratic but a partial change. The one would ere long progovernor general attempting to defy the assembly, people; self-willed, stiff-necked, determined to have duce an extensive and the most formidable disaffecthey would have no option but that of resigning their their own way, or at all events utterly incapable of tion; the other is a change recommended by justice, offices. The alternative of a dissolution of parlia- submission to a state of things in which every thing not likely to revolt the moderate of any party, and ment he puts out of the question, inasmuch as he feels would go the other way. The Upper Canada re- calculated to attach the vast majority to the impeconfident that such a step would infallibly augment formers, though, now, I believe, perfectly content rial connexion. the hostile majority. The course which would be with the British connexion, because they have got a open to the governor general is described so fully, and share of the governing power, would be driven mad the policy to be adopted so well reasoned out by the by a restoration of the old ascendancy of the miwriter, that we shall not scruple to make a large ex- nority. These two outraged parties-the really democratic minority of Lower Canada and the large democratic majority of Upper Canada-would become one party in opinion, in aim, and in desperation. And then would the foundation be laid of a truly formidable disaffection, nourished by a natural sympathy between Americans and the disaffected, from which I should expect rebellion and separation OF THE PRESIDENT AND DIRECTORS TO THE STOCKin less than half a dozen years. This is what I alluded to when I spoke of the danger of laying the foundation of a serious though not immediate mis tract from this letter: "It seems to follow that the only means by which fatal collisions may be avoided is by changing the character of the council, either with or without a dissolution, so as to bring it into harmony with the predominating public opinion of the united province. "This might be done in either of two very different ways, which I will endeavor to compare with each other as impartially as if I had no predilection for either course. chief. "My predeliction for the latter course is here avowed. I firmly believe that it is the only one by which Sir Robert Peel's governor of United Canada can escape severe troubles ending in a conspicuous failure." BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT HOLDERS OF THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD road company submitted the following report and operation; and of the Washington branch. At a regular annual meeting of the stockholders, held, pursuant to the charter, on the second Monday "It is understood by every body here whose opi- "The second course open to Sir Charles Bagot is a of October, 1842, in the city of Baltimore, the prenions deserve any attention, that the French Cana- combination which should unite the French of Low-sident and directors of the Baltimore and Ohio rail dians have got what may be termed the casting vote er Canada, with the reformers of Upper Canada, in the representation of United Canada. For this giving the government a majority of five-eighths at they should thank God; for it is by this alone that, least in the present assembly, or of six-eighths, if, after the rebellion, they could have been spared from as may fairly be done, we reckon several of the extermination by the rude hands of the British party. Lower Canada British members who would fall into It shows that the union, if worked in the spirit of the arrangement, and most of the loose fish who justice, was calculated to protect the French from would go with any majority. This plan might be the evils of a perpetual warfare with the British in pursued moderately; that is, by admitting the French, Lower Canada. Under the union the French cannot not, as in the case before supposed to the whole be the majority, but they can give the majority, to power of government in Lower Canada, but to a The comparative statement marked C, exhibits the any other considerable party. This, their balancing fair share, to such a share as would enable them to re- number of passengers transported during the months power, is felt and acknowledged by all who really sist the unjust pretensions of the British race, but not of July, August and September of the past year and know much about Canada politics. Influenced by a to such a share as would convert them, Helots now, of the year preceding, showing that during those knowledge of this important power in the French, into the dominant race. Such a plan would have months of the year 1843, the number has been thirthe Upper Canada Tory leaders, among whom there the entire approval of the Upper Canada reformers, teen thousand and eighty-two less than in the corresare some men of great political experience and abi- many of whom are ashamed of having neglected ponding months of the year 1841. The four months lity, have since the middle of last session contem- the unhappy French and forgotten justice in pur- of the past year, in which the falling off in the numplated a union between their party and the French. suit of their own Upper Canada objects, but would ber of passengers has taken place are those during The conditions of the bargain would be very sim- convert into supporters of the government those of which the road has been in operation from Hancock; ple. Let us unite,' say the Upper Canada tories, them who are now in opposition from sympathy and from this statement it will be observed that so as to form a majority in the assembly; and then with the French. Nor would the more moderate let us divide the government of Canada between us, and estimable of the Lower Canada British party, you taking the east and we the west. Nor is this who are more largely represented in the assembly scheme by any means impracticable. The two par- than the mere anti French bigots of their race, obties really agree upon many points, as, for instance, ject to such an arrangement; seeing that in their in their dislike of the union, which would be prae- opinion it is the only one that holds out a prospect of tically almost set aside by the execution of this shar- tranquillity for Canada, in whose prosperity they ing project; in the reliance which both parties, if are deeply interested as merchants. The only pareach had its own way in its own part of the pro- ties who would object to such an arrangement are vince, would be disposed to place on support from the Upper Canada tories and the brutal portion of the imperial connexion; and in their common the Lower Canada British. But it may be observed hatred of Lord Sydenham's name and Lord Syden- of the former, that government might go on very ham's policy, of which last this would be the very comfortably in spite of their ill-will to the execuantipodes. tive, and that great numbers of them would soon be converted into supporters of a government comfortably strong and likely to be permanent; while the ruder and fiercer of the Lower Canada British would be taught some sense of justice and humanity towards the French, when it was seen that the home government and the assembly of United Canada were resolved on a policy of justice and humanity. been reduced $12,000. "The party most interested in such a combination "Supposing that the governor general should enter heartily into this scheme, forming an executive council out of the two parties, and not only consenting to a dissolution, but allowing the influence of the executive to be unscrupulously used in the general election, I have no doubt that the tories above and the French below would gain enough strength in the assembly to constitute a working majority. It would certainly be a strange alliance in some respects, but more so in appearance than in reality, if one reflects that the natural position of the French on this Anglo-Saxon continent is dependence on the British government for the protection of their race against the encroachments and cruelties of a forcible Anglification; and that the loud loyalty' of the Upper Canada tories really consists of a wish to be again dependent on the British government for the while the number of passengers transported has been less by 13.082, the revenue received by the company during the same period has been greater by $22,797, thereby satisfactorily demonstrating the su perior profits to be expected from an extended and improved line of road, even with a less amount of transportation. From these statements it will appear that, independently of the accession to the revenue from the extension of the road to Hancock, the general business upon the Main Stem has improved, and that the receipts of the past year are greater than those of 1841 by $35,422 79. It will also appear, that in consequence of the greater economy which the board has been enabled to introduce into the management of the road, the expenses during the past year have been less than in the year preceding, by nearly $23,000. In the item of repairs of railway alone, including an expenditure for the re-adjustment of the new track between Harper's Ferry and Hancock, the expense has After the details presented in the last annual reare the now excluded French. I firmly believe that port, it may be sufficient here to state in general they would come into it. Although their present terms, that since the year 1837, the expense of transposition is so bad, in consequence of their being ex-portation upon the Main Stem has been reduced cluded as a race from the protection and other bene- more than one-half; and that the present cost of fits of government, as to excuse them for allying themselves with their old enemies of the Upper Canada family compact, or with the devil, yet their honor is engaged, by the sacrifices which Mr. Robert Baldwin made for them last session, to stand by the running the trains, including the expenses of all kinds, excepting interest upon capital, as far as it has been practicable to make the comparison, is less than that upon any other road in the United States or in Europe. |