the Leg, &c. &c. By William Rowley, M.D. Member of the University of Oxford, Reyal College of Phyficians, &c. To which are added, Animadverfions on the prefent Defects in treating the Disorder, improved and fuccessful Methods of Care, and an Account of a new Species of temporary Mad. nefs, &c. AS putrid difeafes have lately proved fatal, and fcarcely even now ceafed their influence, it is a duty we owe the pub lick to give the earlieft intelligence of this Effay, which commences with fome general obfervations on the ftate of the atmospheric air at the latter end of the year 1787, in which the previous heavy and continued fummer rains are confifidered as producing putrid malignant difeafes, by contaminating the air with putrefactive particles. The infection is fuppofed to continue from the communication of the putrid particles of the malignant fore throat, iffuing in refpiration, &c. to the bed-cloaths, or from one perfon to another, long after the original caufes in the air have diffipated. Thus has the diforder fpread rapidly, and extended its baneful effects through different parts of England. The cafe, which is called remarkable, was of a patient labouring under the malignant ulcerated fore throat, accompanied with purple fpots all over the body, and a partial mortification of the leg. The author proceeds very methodically; delineates the fymptoms; ac counts for their caufes and effects; and represents the treatment which cured the patient in a very confpicuous view. The intentions are, to inculcate the neceflity of deeply reafoning on caufes, effects, and remedies, and never to defert a difeafe, however defperate. But the limits of this publication do not permit us to follow the writer through the whole of his reafonings; we mut, therefore, refer the reader to the publication itfelf. The Id part comprehends a short view of the authors who have written on the malignant ulcerated fore throat; in which the writer alerts, that, contrary to the opinion of Dr. Fothergill, the difeafe was well known, though not well treated, by the ancients. After animadverting with great free dom, though with candour and reafoning, on the writings of Fothergill, Huxhan, Pringle, and a great many others, fome of whom are now living, the crificilms are reduced to fourteen propo or fitions, which the Doctor confiders exceptionable practices, and one other the caufe of the diforder proving fatal. Bleeding, vomiting, bliftering, fweating with James's powder, &c. dis luting liquors, infignificant remedies, checking purgings by opium, waiting fome days before giving the bark, the not cleaning the throat, or admitting fresh air, its purification, &c. are all cenfured, with great appearance of found reafoning and experience. In pursuing his remarks, he reasons on each propofition feparately; and concludes with attempting to prove, that the fatality of the diforder has been owing to the non-admiffion of the bark early, to the injudicious adminiftration of filine remedies, antimonial diaphoretics, volatiles, &c.; or a much worfe practice of trutting to what has been nominated Nature. Here the Doctor arms himself with fhield and buckler, marches forth fword in hand, fpirits up his battalions, and combats Nature with fo much energy and fpirit as to exclude her government from all the regions of medicine. After introducing Nature, as acting very abfurdly on moft occafions, either as a directrefs of human affairs, or medicine in particular, he concludes, "from long obfervation, from reiterated "and cool reflection on thefe fubje&s, "it is affirmed, that diseases can never "be worfe managed than when left "chiefly to Nature; nor can there be "greater reafon for a fuccefsful expec"tation in their events than if skilfully "and judiciously treated by Ant from "their commencement." In this examination of what Nature directs, the author proves, amongit other things, that Nat re proimpis drunkards to call clamorously for more liquor; infants to drink gin or fpirits; favage nations to eat one another." And he concludes, in one part, "the word "Nature, in medicine, feems an apo logy for every thing inexplicable, and contains as much meaning as the oc"cult qualities of Ariftote, the Ai"chæus of Van Helmont, or the vis "confervatrix et medicatrix Nature of "Stahl and many modern phyficians." The drift of thefe obfervations is, to inculcate the neceflity of proceeding de cidedly in the cure of acute dileafes, by trufing very little to Nature, who, the author endeavours to prove, is neither capable of alarming patients of danger, pointing out the medical indications, nor nor difcovering the beft remedies. But the word has been ufed as a cloak for ignorance, and ought to be excluded by every fcientific or reasoning phyfician. We must confefs, there Is. much reafon in what the Doctor advances; but perhaps he has been too fharp upon an old phrafe, which, to ufe his own words, "has ever been used as a fub fitute for real knowledge." The author makes a diftinction be. between Reafon and Nature, to countemance his attack. "Nature and Reafon muft not be confounded; the former is an internal ftimulator of man, in"clining him to various dangers and misfortunes; the latter is a practical fyftem, founded on the experience *and reflection of the most ingenious and ftudious men, for ages, the pro "tector and preferver, as far as human industry extends, of either health, eafe, or happiness." The whole of this IId part is replete with deep phyfiological and medical realoning; in which, we muft obferve, the Doctor difplays a very intimate ac quaintance with all the neweft difcoveries in the art he profeffes; and every where endeavours to affign motives for his different methods of practice. In the Introduction likewife, the author stimates he practifed phyfic, in various branches, for above thirty years; has travelled into moft countries, and viewed all the hofpitals in Europe: on which opportunities for obtaining knowJedge he founds his pretenfions to ani madvert freely on feveral medical prejudices; but with what fuccefs he requets the profeffional judges to determine. The author, in this part, afferts, that campborated oil is a certain preventive of venereal infection. The IIId part fhews the most improved manner of successfully treating the ulcerated fore throat. The fpecific fymptoms, caufes, effects, remedies, and the methods of prevention, are briefly explained. Towards the conclufion is a recapituJation of all the exceptionable practices formerly adopted by many ingenious physicians, arranged under different clates; the neceffary remedies of the improved cure follow in their regular erder. This arrangement must greatly contribute to public benefit: at one view is feen what is injurious or falubrious; the utility of both must appear obvious; the bark and vitriolic acid are given, from the first appearance of the difeafe, according to the author, with conftant fuccefs. A fhort view of a new species of madnefs, and its remedies, concludes the Effay, which may perhaps, in fome meafure, account for fome late inftances of fuicide. Camphor and bark are recommended, &c. In every part of this performance there appear many original remarks. Medicine is feemingly fpeaking a new language, founded, according to the author, not in chimerical hypothefes, but in anatomical and phyfical refearches and experiments, joined with much practical knowledge, on the force and power of difeafes, and the most adequate and rational remedies for their removal. On reviewing the whole, we perceive the work to be well arranged; its reafonings are acute and fcientific; the language frequently nervous and animated; but perhaps, in fome inftances, rather too fevere on the doctrines of other medical writers. There runs, through the Effay, a fpirit of philan thropy, which does honour to the author's heart. If the pamphlet be read with attention, it will, according to our opinion, convey fubjects of importance to every impartial medical judge: there may appear fome blemishes; but these are amply compensated by many new doctrines, that are likely to prove beneficial to fociety in general. 55. A Sermon by Mr. Watfon, of Middleton Tyas, Yorkshire. FROM this Sermon, which was preached in 1763, a correfpondent has felected the following extracts, as peculiarly applicable to the prefent interefting fubject of converfation, the Slave Trade. "It has been remarked that the Chriftian "religion, in fpite of the extent of the empire "and influence of the climate, has hindered "defpotic power from being established in "Ethiopia, and has carried into the heart "of Africa the laws and manners of Eu "rope *.” What bleffed fruits then may not we expect from it, when tranfplated into America from an ifland, where it is profeffed in greater purity than in any other part of the world? For the planting it as a public religion, has always and invariably been at tended with many great and substantial bleffings, even of the temporal kind; in Protestant countries, with an increase of public li berty, liberal science, and generous and free fentiments of the common privileges of our fellow creatures; and in Popish countries, with a civility of manners, the cultivation of the useful arts, and the extenfion of foreign commerce. “Shall we meanly think these bleffings are appropriated to ourselves, exclufive of any other people who are made of one blood with us? Or fhall we be afraid to open their eyes, that they may see, from the benevolent principles of the Gofpel, that they and we are the children of one common Father, whose providence is employed equally to difpense his bleffings, both in this world, and the world to come, to all the families of the earth? "A fufpicion of this fort would certainly fall upon us, should fuch numbers, to whom we have the faireft opportunities of difpenfing thefe bleffings, remain in a state of ignorance and flavery. Nor can we ever give a reafon, why the heathens were wrong in buying and felling slaves in a market, and the Chriftians right, except we can derive some apology from the means that are used under the dictates of Christianity, to better their condition both in a temporal and fpiritual sense. "The state of flavery," as an excellent political writer hath faid, "is in its own nature "bad: it is neither ufeful to the master nor "to the flave; not to the flave, because he "can do nothing through a motive of virtue; "not to the mafter, because, by having an "unlimited authority over his flaves, he in"fenfibly accuftoms himself to the want of "all moral virtues, and from thence grows fierce, hafty, fevere, voluptuous, and " cruel *." confidered as men, but as a fpecies of beings of a middle nature between men and brutes, to whom we do no injury, though we treat them as beasts of burden. And the proofs of it usually pointed out are taken from the features, complexions, and manners, of the negroes, and inhabitants of the Cape; and from fome still more diftinguishing marks on the Savages in the North. "But as no inftances have been produced of a want of capacity in these poor creatures, to acquire fuch arts as make them ufeful to those who, as it were without the feelings of men, can reconcile themselves to this unchriftian traffick, have we not good grounds to believe, they might also be taught fuch principles, as would make them equally useful to the ftate ;-and under proper inftructions be taught industry and fidelity upon rea◄ fon and principle, in the very fame labours, and without thofe fhocking severities, which, while they are treated as abject slaves, bring fo great mifery upon themselves, and so great and just a scandal upon their proprietors? But perhaps we are unwilling to suppose "these creatures to be men, left," as the fame writer obferves, "allowing them to be "men, a fufpicion may arife, that we our "felves are not Chriftians." "Whether this is not a fubject worthy the attention of the legislature of a nation, equally diftinguished for its humanity and its arms may perhaps at fome time be thought to deferve a more ferious and circunutantial enquiry, than has hitherto been bestowed upon it. And what hopes we might reasonably form of the fuccefs of fuch an enquiry, let the prefent undertaking † fpeak, which is calcu lated to civilize a people, not much their fuperiors in manners and understanding, how-ever different in features and complexion.” LEfprit des Loix, 1. 15. c. 5. L'Efprit des Loix, 1. 15. c. I. Brief for American Colleges. Coke on Littleton, Thorpe, St. John's Nomenclature, &c. 3c. in our next. "We fhall be told perhaps that fuch is the original difference amongst mankind, that there are fome of them who can hardly be CATALOGUE POLITICAL OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.. Letter to the Premier, with a Review of his Calonne's Anf. to Neckar 10s 6d Spilfoury merce is Indian Vocabulary 25 6d Fobnfor Ditto Crawford on Animal Heat, 8vo 7s Johnson Ditto A Letter to Mr. Francis is Ditto Ditto Longman Addrefs to the Sovereign, on the late Promo THEOLOGY. 2 Scheme for paying National Debt is A COUNTRY RECTOR will readily perceive, by reading the line aloud, that the blunder he speaks of might eafily happen by dictating to an amanuenfis. It actually did happen by a fomewhat fimilar process of the preís, as our Printer will perfonally explain to him if this be not fufficiently fatisfactory. To the fame channel of information we refer PHILOMUSOS for a reason why the latter part of his letter is omitted. P. H. may be affured that there are weighty reafons for not doing what he wishes. A CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHER'S query would certainly give much offence to many. The letter, in p. 84, of "the learned and ingenious author of the Preface," will fatisfy P. S. who had ingeniously conjectured the intials to fignify Amiestie ergo argu- officii. SCNT thall be communicated as directed, F. F. afks "if there be any way of making red ink with more body than the commen, and yet to write with ease. And if any one can furnifh an account of Thomas Inner, M. A. who wrote the Critical Effay on Ancient Scotifh History,' London, 1729, 2 vols. 8vo, the best work yet published on that fubject" X Y. Z. fays, "R. R. E. (LVII. 1049) propofes an qual land-tax. As Dr. Burn, towards the beginning of his Hiftory of Weftmoreland, has given some reasons why he thinks an equal land-tax would be a very unjust thing; it might not, perhaps, be improper for R. R. E. to examine thofe reasons, in order to fhew they are of no force, or to confefs he has not before been fully informed upon the fubject." Some Cambro-British correspondents have long expected the "British Archæology," propofed fome time fince to be published by the Rev. Mr. Jeffreys of Walfall. They hope the author is not dead. As British literature wants a champion, the lofs would be great. A NEW CORRESPONDANT aiks for an explanation of 1 Pct. iii. 19, 20. M. O. N. K. H.-B. S.... cl.-R. C.W. O—S. J.-T. C-P. T. on Marine Shells-ALKMOND-LENIS ET ACER →→→→ BRADWARDIN AMICUS-GLOTIANUS →→ AMERUS-CANDIDE, in our next, if pollible. Mr. Three lovely Sifters prefs'd th' untimely bier. came. Unhappy husband, who art doom'd to mourn Oh, live to emulate thy fainted Love! I MR. URBAN, S. J. March 3. cannot but think that you have deviated a little from your ufual discretion, in inferting among your last month's poetry a trifle of the freer kind, with the name at full length of its author, who certainly did not communicate it himself, and cannot be very well pleased to fee his juvenile follies thus rife up in judgment against him. By way of amends, I think you ought to make equally public the prefent fentiments concerning matters of that nature, of the fame person, Cujus octavum trepidavit ætas To MISS E- -D, ON HER HAIR. ANNA! ceafe with envious care Thus to veil thy beauteous face, Buried lies full many a grace. And the well-turn'd neck of fnow? Down thy face that waving play, But let me, fecure from harm, R. PRIESTLEY having obferved, in his book, intituled," Experiments upon Air," that a rofe kept under a glafs jar had in a fhort time fo infected the air as to render it unfit for refpiration,' occafioned the following Poem. THE ROSE TO DR. PRIESTLEY. BY MRS. MOODY. AH! once to pureft, unpolluted fame I, faireft flower, with ardent hope afpir'd; Unblemish'd long my modeft beauties glow'd, Ah! fhould Perfuafion crown thy learned lore, Nor round her couch admit my dread perfume, *"And without thorn the rofe Yet |