First Principles of Political Economy: Concisely Presented for the Use of Classes in High Schools and AcademiesSheldon, 1879 - 213 Seiten |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
abused advantage amount bank bills of exchange borrower cent cial circulation coin combined common compensation competition consumed consumption cost demand desires destruction of value direct taxes distribution division of labor duction effect employed employers EXERCISES farmer fixed functions gold and silver gratifications Hence hundred Illustrate important increase industry instrument of exchange invested involves J. S. Mill jobber kinds of labor labor and capital large establishments loans machinery manufacturer means medium of exchange ment metals mutual nations nature notes number of laborers operations paid paper money parties payment Political Economy pound sterling principle profits promissory notes rate of interest rate of wages remuneration salary saving secure seigniorage skill Sound economy specie standard of value supply and demand surplus taxation tends term things thousand dollars tion trade usury utility wants wealth wheat workmen
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 117 - A direct tax is one which is demanded from the very persons who, it is intended or desired, should pay it. Indirect taxes are those which are demanded from one person in the expectation and intention that he shall indemnify himself at the expense of another: such as the excise or customs.
Seite 117 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Seite 117 - ... 2. — The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor and to every other person. " 3. — Every tax ought to be levied at the time or in the manner in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Seite 117 - Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the State.
Seite 187 - July 14, 1890, are legal tender for all debts, public and private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in the contract. United States notes are legal tender for all debts, public and private, except duties on imports and interest on the public debt.
Seite 131 - The natural value of some things is a scarcity value; but most things naturally exchange for one another in the ratio of their cost of production, or at what may be termed their Cost Value.
Seite 33 - He unroofs the houses, and ships the population to America. The nation is accustomed to the instantaneous creation of wealth. It is the maxim of their economists, "that the greater part in value of the wealth now existing in England, has been produced by human hands within the last twelve months.
Seite 132 - Every commodity of which the supply can be indefinitely increased by labour and capital, exchanges for other things proportionally to the cost necessary for producing and bringing to market the most costly portion of the supply required. The natural value is synonymous with the Cost Value, and V.
Seite 129 - The difficulty of attainment which determines value, is not always the same kind of difficulty. It sometimes consists in an absolute limitation of the supply. There are things of which it is physically impossible to increase the quantity, beyond certain narrow limits.
Seite 33 - England has been produced by human hands within the last twelve months. A very small proportion indeed of that large aggregate was in existence ten years ago; — of the present productive capital of the country scarcely any part, except farm-houses and...