sembly to pass a bill, waving their objections to the proprietary instruc- tions, 527. Remarks on his adminis- tration, IV. 102. His misunderstand- ing with the Proprietors, VII. 171. DESAGULIERS, his experiment, proving that no pernicious vapors arise from hot iron, VI. 57.
DE SAUSSURE, on the attraction of mountains, VI. 371; X. 274. DEUX-PONTS, Prince de, applies to Franklin relative to commercial rela- tions between Bavaria and the United States, IX. 526.
Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout, II. 194. Between X. Y. and Z., concerning the present state of affairs in Pennsylvania, object with which it was written, III. 84. Between France, Spain, Holland, Saxony, and America, V. 116.
Diamond Necklace, affair of the, X. 231. Diary, Franklin's, extracts from, I.579. DICKINSON, JOHN, Preface to the Speech of Joseph Galloway in reply to, IV. 101. His "Farmer's Letters" quoted, 251. Extract from one of his speeches in reference to Franklin, VII. 268. Dictionary, Spanish and Arabic, pub- lished by the Royal Academy of His tory of Madrid, X. 309. Need of a commercial, 352.
DIGBY, Admiral, communicates Washington the opening of negotia- tions for peace, IX. 380. DIGGES, T., his interview with Mr. Adams, on the subject of negotiations for peace, IX. 186. Nature of his mission, 191. His embezzlement of money designed to relieve American prisoners, IX. 15, 341.
Discoveries, importance and extent of modern, II. 73.
Diseases, effect of cold air in, VI. 386. Disputation, advantage of modesty in, VI. 325.
Dissenters, respecting the charge of per- secution brought against the Ameri- can, II. 113. Benefits likely to result to the, from a change of the proprie. tary government of Pennsylvania to a royal one, IV. 83. Their rights in Massachusetts and New Hampshire,
Dolls, playful remark on, VIII. 374. DOMIEN, account of, V. 348. Dove, his success in conducting the English School in Philadelphia, II. 143.
Dreams, art of procuring pleasant, II. 172.
Drinking, remarks on, addressed to Abbé Morellet, II. 222. The same translated, 225.
DUBOUrg, Barbeu, his Translation of Franklin's writings on electricity, noticed, V. 180. His parallel be- tween the theories of Nollet and Franklin, 514. His translation no- ticed, VI. 408. His edition of Frank- lin's writings mentioned, VIII. 117. Duelling, remarks on, X. 107. Du FAYE, his vitreous and resinous electricity identical with the positive and negative states, observed by Franklin, V. 177.
Dumas, Charles W. F, account of, VIII. 162. Franklin's opinion of some of his writings, 163. Instructed to ascertain whether the European courts are disposed to aid the colo- nies, 164. Irritation of Sir George Grand with, 448. His difficulties with the Spanish ambassador, 452. Respecting his appointment and ser- vices, 498.
Dungannon Resolutions mentioned, X. 20.
Dunkers, their religious opinions, I.
DUNLAP, WILLIAM, mentioned, VII. 169.
DUNNING, JOHN, appears as counsel for Massachusetts before the Privy Coun- cil, VIII. 110.
DUPONT, his Table Economique men- tioned, VIII. 405.
DURAND, alluded to, VII. 357. DURIVAL, explains the advance of a million of livres by France in 1777, X. 269.
Dutch Church, at New York, effect of lightning on the, V. 277.
Duties on Exports, impolicy of, IX. 38. Duties on Imports, Abbé Morellet ob- jects to, X. 315. Why levied in the United States, 346.
Eagle, Bald, a bad representative of the United States, X. 63. Earth, the, when dry, a non-conductor of the electric fluid, V. 208. Strikes into the clouds in thunder-storms. And not the clouds into the, 305. Will dissolve or mix with air, Vİ. 128. On the advantages of the different
strata of the, 212. Cooling of its sur- face by evaporation, 216. Suggestion of Franklin as to its conformation, 443. Its magnetic character, 445. Que- ries on the theory of the, 575. Earthquakes, opinion of the learned as to the cause of, VI. 1. That the cause of, is the same with that of thunder and lightning, 3. Dr. Wood- ward's theory of, 4. Mode of making artificial, 8. Various kinds of, 9. Of one in Sicily, 10. In Jamaica, 11. East, mode in which the trade of the, was once carried on, IV. 30. East India Company, its pecuniary dif- ficulties, VIII. 24, 29. Its distress, 33, 34.
Easton, account of a conference with the Indians at, VII. 125.
Economical Project for employing sun- shine instead of candles, in the city of Paris, II. 227.
Economy in expenditure, importance of, VII. 346.
Economy of Life, Essays on the, II. 1. Ecton, birthplace of Franklin's father, his visit to, VII. 178.
Edict by the King of Prussia, ironical, IV. 399. Again, VIII. 90, 91. Edict of Nantz, effect of the revoca- tion of the, IV. 33.
Edinburgh Courant, passages from the, relating to emigration, examined, IV. 459.
Education, its value in promoting the strength and virtue of a community, VII. 48. Remarks on Dr. Smith's Scheme of, 65.
EDWARDS, DAVID, his death, VII.
EDWARDS, JONATHAN, his Thoughts concerning the Revival of Religion in New England, referred to, VII. 9. Elective Franchises, enjoyed by the small Boroughs in England, referred to, II. 489.
Electrical Battery, Franklin's construc- tion of an, V. 202.
Electrical Jars, on the mode of coating, V. 299.
Electrical Machine, simple and conven- ient form of an, V. 188. On that of Mr. Nairne, and its effect on the eyes of animals killed by it, 479. Electricity, general account of the early discoveries of Franklin in, V. 173. Of its identity with lightning, Of ascending thunder, 178. Explanation of positive and negative, 185. Of the electrical kiss, 187. Of the Leyden bottle, 196. Qualities of glass in reference to, 200. Of the Magical Picture, 203. Explanation of the causes of thunder-gusts, 211. VOL. X.
Mode of firing gunpowder by, 225 Opinions and conjectures concerning the properties of the electrical matter, 227. Pernicious effects of the elec- trical fluid, 228. Suggestions respect- ing the electrical atmosphere, 230. Similarity of its effects and those of lightning, 237. Its power in fusing metals, 233. Accident occurring dur- ing an experiment in, 255. Unlimit- ed nature of the force of, 258. Air a non-conductor of, 261. Experiment to discover more of the qualities of 262. Its effect in producing mag- netic virtue, 263. Its presence in the clouds, 279. Suggestion of a region of electric fire above our atmosphere, 234. Experiment in, at Marly, 289. Direction of the fluid, and utility of rods, 311. Proposed experiment to measure the velocity of, 316. Some experiments in, 330. Turkey killed by, and its effect upon the operator, 346. Points in which it agrees with lightning, 350. Its effect in cases of paralysis, 359. Of the tourmalin, 363. Reason for believing that the air has its portion of the common stock of, 369. How its density at different heights may be ascertained, 370. Long retained by the Leyden bottle, 380. That heat is produced by, 389. Of the fogs in Ireland, 409. Various qualities of, 414. Analogy between magnetism and, 450. Apparent pro- duction of magnetism by, accidental, 451. Of a mode of rendering meat tender by, 456. Mode of killing ani- mals by, 457. Effect of a shock of, on Franklin, 481. Effect of a vacu- um on the passage of, VI. 413. Electrics contain the greatest quantity of the fluid, and attract and retain it longest, V. 242. Difference between, and non-electrics, 259. Elements of Criticism, Lord Kames's, noticed, VI. 263. Again, VII. 241. Elephants, conjecture as to whether they are natives of America, VI. 275. Description of some bones of, 276. ELIOT, JARED, notice of, VI. 79. His tracts on husbandry referred to, VI. 113. Again, VII. 51. Franklin's opinion of them, 56. ELIZABETH, Queen, character of her government, II. 283. Act of, respect- ing libel, 288.
ELPHINSTON, JOHN, his translation of the Latin verse, applied by Turgot to Franklin, VIII. 539.
Emblematical Representation of the state of Great Britain and her colo- nies, IV. 456. Alluded to, VII. 313. EMBSER, Professor, his account of PP
the Bipontine edition of the classics, IX. 126. Emigration, effect of the facility of, on the rate of wages in Europe, II. 443. To whom it might prove beneficial, 470. Examination of a proposed act of Parliament for preventing, IV. 458. No legislation required in reference to, 461. Nor likely to be effectual, 462. Nor politic, 463. Injustice of such legislation, 464. From Scotland to the United States, IX. 486. That it multiplies instead of diminishing a nation, X. 131.
EMMONS, NATHANIEL, his discourse on the present of Franklin to the town which bears his name, X. 159. Enabling Act of Parliament alluded to, IX. 314, 315.
Enemy, on the means of disposing an, to peace, VII. 216.
Englund, intelligence of the people of, VII. 246. Facility of travelling in, 296. Disposition of the people of, VIII. 177. See Great Britain. English Language, how to render study of it more general, X. 415. English School, Sketch of an, II. 125. Engraver, Franklin's remarks to a French, on a print commemorating American Independence, VIII. 277. Enthusiasm, advantages of, VII. 453. ENVILLE, Duchess d', her death, X. 295. ENVILLE, LAROCHEFOUCAULD D', in- troduces Mr. Gallatin to Franklin, VIII. 454.
Ephemera, an Emblem of Human Life, II. 177. Circumstances under which it was written, VIII. 473.
Episcopal Church, of the ordination in England, of American clergy of the, X. 109. Remarks on the practicabili ty and expediency of establishing a bishop in America, 202.
Essays on Religious and Moral Subjects, and the Economy of Life, II. 1. ESTAING, Count d', his military char- acter, VIII. 306. And judicious con- duct, 307. His character, 457. Ether, experiment with, to produce cold by evaporation, VI. 213. Europe, opinions in, respecting the American war, VIII. 494. Prevail- ing spirit of liberty in, X. 321. EVANS, CADWALLADER, promotes the culture of silk, VII. 454, 485, 512, 527, 535.
EVANS, JOHN, is appointed deputy-gov. ernor of Pennsylvania, III. 160. At- tempts to unite the territories and the province, and disagrees with the As- sembly, 161. Expresses to the As- sembly the resentment of the pro- prietary, 179. Refers to the charter
of privileges as the only rule of gov- ernment, 181. Protects Logan, the Secretary, against the Assembly, 185. EVANS, LEWIS, his map of the middle colonies referred to, IV. 326. Again, together with his Essays, VI. 110. Mentioned, VIII. 125.
Evaporation, of cooling by, V. 379. Of oil, VI. 129. Production of cold by, 200. Experiment with ether, for producing cold by, 213. Cooling of water by, 214. And of the body, 215. Surface of the earth and vegetation, 216. Same subject, 255. Examination of Dr. Franklin, in the British House of Commons, extracts from its Journals on the subject, IV. 161.
Exchange, true principles of, II. 199. On the par of, 400.
Excise, difference between an, on con- sumption, and a duty on importation, IV. 181.
Executive department of the plan of union in 1754, III. 37. Exercise, comparative view of various kinds of, VIII. 12.
Exportation of provisions, difficulties arising from the act of Pennsylvania, relative to the, III. 485. Exports, impolicy of duties on Ameri- can, IX. 38.
Fahrenheit's thermometer, how grad- uated, VI. 568.
Fair Play, respecting the French indem- nity for the brigantine, VIII. 476. Faith, utility of, VII. 75. Remarks on, 184.
Famine, provision made in China against, II. 381.
FARISH, his account of stilling waves by oil, VI. 355.
Farmer's Letters, quoted, relative to the carelessness with which acts of Parliament are passed on the subject of the colonies, IV. 251. Franklin's preface to the, 257. Lord Hillsbor- ough's opinion of the, VII. 391. FAUCITT, WILLIAM, mentioned, IX. 113.
Felons, on the transportation of, to America, II. 495. FENELON, his remark to the Pretender quoted, II. 279. Fermentation, generation of wind by,
the Science of Legislation, X. 233. His death, 359. Filosofia Frankliniana, Toderini's ac- count of, VI. 351.
Finances, American, their condition in 1780, VIII. 460. Remarks on, 507. Their disordered state in 1781, IX.
97. FINLEY, President, his experiment, showing the inflammability of the sur- face of certain rivers in New Jersey,
Fire, a cause of earthquakes, VI. 2. Some of its properties, 37. Certain phenomena of, 239. On securing houses from, 332. Construction of the French houses in this respect, 333. Suggestion that it exists in a subtile fluid, 454.
Fireplaces, account of the Pennsylva- nia, invented by Franklin, VI. 35. Old fashioned, 38. Those designed to warm the air as it enters the room, described, 39. Description of the Pennsylvanian, 44. Manner of using it, 50.
Fisheries, condition of the, at the close of the revolutionary war, II. 465. Mr. Livingston's vindication of the claim of the United States to the, on the Banks of Newfoundland, IX. 135. Of indispensable importance in a treaty with Great Britain, 381. Dis- position of Great Britain to cede them to the United States, 405, 408, 425.
FITCH, JOHN, his steamboat, X. 232. Certificate of Rittenhouse respecting it, 233. Again mentioned, 363. Five Nations, History of the, referred to, VII. 18.
Fixed Air. See Air.
Flanders, Franklin's tour in, VII. 229. Flemish Ships, of the capture of, by American privateers, IX. 368. FLETCHER, BENJAMIN, is appointed governor of New York and Pennsyl- vania, by the same commission, III. 136. His controversy with the As- sembly of Pennsylvania, 137. Threat- ens to annex the province to New York, 139. Admits the principle of the Quakers upon the subject of bear- ing arms, 143.
Flies, their tenacity of life, VI. 382. Flora, representation of Franklin to the Admiralty court at Cherbourg re- specting the prize, VIII. 453. Florida, difficulty of finding settlers for, IV. 355. Parliamentary grants for, 369. Government of East and West, as erected by royal proclama- tion, 375.
FLORIDA BLANCA, Count de, gives
Mr. Jay a copy of Sir J. Dalrymple's Memoir, VIII. 547.
Fluid, thoughts on a universal, and its character, VI. 458. Application of this idea to the explanation of some phenomena of heat and cold, 459. Fogs, electricity of, in Ireland, V. 209. Suggestion as to their connexion with cold seasons, VI. 456. FOLGER, PETER, his writings, I. 8, 9. Food, proper quantity of, II. 86. Foreign ministers, salaries of, IX. 401. FORTH, his secret mission, IX. 205. Fort Pitt, conference with the Indians at, IV. 345.
Forts, erection of, in the back settle- ments, an inadequate protection against the French and Indians, IV. 11.
A few likely to be useful, 15. Proposal to prevent the erection of, in the colonies, 21.
FOTHERGILL, JOHN, his conversation with Franklin on the restoration of harmony between Great Britain and the colonies, V. 10. Communicates to Franklin the result of conferen- ces upon the Hints for accommoda- tion, 55. Attends Franklin during his illness, VII. 150. His account of Franklin's examination before the House of Commons, 312. His death and character, VIII. 529. His ef- forts to prevent the war with the Uni- ted States, 532. His character, IX. 493. Dr. Lettsom's Memoirs of, X.
Foundlings, their number in Paris, X. 133. Of hospitals for, 143, 174. Fox, CHARLES JAMES, Secretary of State, sends Mr. Grenville to Paris to arrange the preliminaries of a treaty of peace, IX. 267. Claims for his department the power to treat, 336. Resigns, 360, 365. His coalition with Lord North, 490. Franklin's esteem for, X. 1.
Fragment of Polybius, Sir W. Jones's supposed, VIII. 543.
France, efforts to engage the Indians in the cause of, III. 8. Conduct of the Indians in her interest, IV. 7. Respecting cessions of territory by, 8. Facilities enjoyed by, for harassing our frontier, 14. Evils which would result from leaving her in possession of Canada, 16. Of the aid given by, for the purpose of producing disaffec- tion in the colonies, 44. Check upon their growth, which would be the re- sult of her continued possession of Canada, 46. Invalidity of her claim to lands of the Six Nations on the Ohio, 329. Compliment paid to Franklin in, for his electrical writ-
ings, VI. 162. Of travelling, and women in, VII. 359. Interest taken in American affairs in, 470. Com- missioners to, appointed by Congress, VIII. 190. Supplies of military stores furnished by, 191. Her conduct in regard to the United States, 235. Remarks on the treaty of commerce with, 239. War of England with, would be fatal to the reconciliation of the former with America, 253. Her good faith commended, 281. War between England and, 293. Mr. Ad- ams's view of her faith, 324., Alli- ance of the United States with, an obstacle to peace with Great Britain, 312. Objections to quitting the al- liance with, 316. Character of the people of, 327. That a truce between Great Britain and the United States would be for her interest, 332. projected invasion of England by, 379. Of the aid given to the United States by, 423. Importance of the alliance with, 439. American feeling towards, 479. Of the aid furnished by, to meet the drafts of Congress, 499. In- structions to Franklin to procure a further loan in, 526. Further loan made by, to the United States, IX. 1. Declines the mediation of Russia and Austria, 4. Of supplies to the United States by, 32. Advantage to, of em- ploying a large naval force in this country, 100. Feeling in America towards, 104. Her concurrence ne- cessary in the negotiations for peace, 141. Relations of the United States with, 174.
The United States not to treat without, 203. Great Britain proposes a separate treaty with, 204. Canada offered to, to induce her to treat, 210. Answer of the court of, to the offer, 210, 213. Her aid to the United States for 1782, 260. No aid given to the United States by, till their independence was declared, 274. Of the obligations of gratitude for her aid, 281. Debt of the United States to, 383. Substance of the pre- liminary articles of peace between Great Britain and, 442. Application of Robert Morris to, for a loan, 445. Preliminary articles of peace signed between Great Britain, Spain, and, 473. Her good faith in reference to the treaty, 533. Her financial diffi- culties, X. 28. Placed by the United States on the most favorable footing in regard to commerce, 138. State
of affairs in, in 1787, 318. In 1788, 355. Revolutionary proceedings and distracted state of affairs in, in 1789, 387, 409.
FRANCIS, JOHN W., his Life of Colden cited, VI. 18, 19. FRANKLIN, ABIAH, mother of Benjamin, 1.7, 13. Her death, VII. 58. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN.
His Life. Good fortune which ac- companied him through life, I. 2. Res. idence of his ancestors, 3. His resem blance in character to one of his un- cles, 5. His second cousin Samuel Franklin, 6. Marriage of his father, 7. His birth, 8. His occupations in child- hood, 10. Account of his father, 11. Death of his parents, and their monu ment, 14. His early reading, 15. His ballads, 16. Intimacy with John Col- lins, 17. Reads the Spectator, 18. Re- sorts to a system of vegetable diet, 19. Becomes fond of argument, 21. Writes for his brother's newspaper, 23. Ex- amined before the Council for a pub- lication offensive to the Assembly, 24. Determines to leave his brother, 27 Goes to New York, 28. Accident on his journey to Philadelphia, 30. Ar- rives in that city, 33. Visits Andrew Bradford, the printer, 35. Lodges with Mr. Read, 37. Is advised by Sir W. Keith to set up in Philadel- phia, 38. Returns to Boston, 39. Sir W. Keith's proposal declined by his father, 40. Who consents to his re- turn to Philadelphia, 41. Visite Gov- ernor Burnet of New York, 43. Is promised assistance by Sir W. Keith, 45. Abandons the use of animal food, 47. Of his associates, Osborne, Wat- son, Ralph, 48. Their exercises in composition, 49. Determines, by the advice of Keith, to visit England, 52. Sails for London, 53. Discovers that he has been deceived by Keith, 55. Being without money engages to work for Palmer, a printer, 56. Prints a tract upon Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, 57. Frequents a club, consisting of Dr. Mandeville and others, 57. Disagrees with, and separates from Ralph, and removes to Watts's printing office, 59. His tem- perate habits, 59. Mode of living, 61. His skill in swimming, 63. Engages in mercantile business with Mr. Den- ham, 65. Returns to Philadelphia, 67. His plans of business broken off by the death of Mr. Denham, 68. gages to superintend Keimer's print- ing establishment, 69. Is ill treated by Keimer, 71. And separates from him, 72. Engraves the plates for New Jersey paper money, and prints the bills, 73. His moral and reli- gious views, 74. His new version of the Lord's Prayer, 77. Enters into
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