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A Treatise on Farriery.

texture, as foon as it is cured, a fmooth cicatrix will fucceed, and the spot will be left quite bare; or if the hair comes again, it is always white and weak in comparifon of the former. Hence the jockies have learnt to make artificial stars in the foreheads of horfes, when they have none naturally.

Next under the hair lies the Scarf-fkin, which it paffes through. It covers all the true fkin, and as was observed before, is that which rifes in a blifter, when any part has been burnt, or fcalded; as alfo in the farcy or other deceases of the skin. The matter of perfpiration, fo neceffary to health, paffes through it pores; and when they are topt by a fudden change of air from hot to cold, many forts of diseases may enfue; but particularly fevers.

The skin or hide lies under the fcarf-skin, and confifts of a lurprifing texture of tendinous and nervous fibres, mixt with a great number of veffels. This texture will ftretch every way, as is obfervable in mares with foal, and afterwards return again to its natural dimenfions. Above this the papillæ are placed, which fome make a diftin&t tegument, and call it the papillary body. It is compofed of feveral eminences of a diftinct figure, principally formed by the extremities of the nerves, which are diftributed in the skin. They may be readily difcovered when the fcarf-kin is taken off: they are the organs of touching; and if they were not covered by the scarf-fkin, which is infenfible, every object of touch would excite pain. Under the fkin the miliary glands are feated, which are exceeding numerous, and are looked upon as the fecretors of fweat.

Horfes, and many other ani

249

move

mals, have a defhy panicle
which lies under the fkin, bỳ
means of which they can
the fkin to fake off any thing
that lies loofe on the hair. It
may readily be perceived on both
fides of the neck, the fides of the
belly, over the ribs and flanks,
where the fkin is loofe and move-
able. The fat lying under the skin
is another tegument, which prin-
cipally confifts of a collection of
membranous cells kept together
by a common membrane cailed
the adipose membrane. These cells
are filled with an unctious liqnor,
which returns into the blood by
ducts (called adipofe veffels, and
ferve to abate its acrimony. It is
likewife of great ufe to render
the muscles of the feveral parts
of the body foft and fupple, and
confequently to enable them to
perform their frequent and ne-
ceffary motions without too much
friction. It is thickest on the
lower belly and hips, and between
the interftices of the large muscles.
It is fometimes pretty thick on
the neck and cheeks; but is thin
about the limbs, and in all dry
boney parts.

Of the Contents of the ABDOMEN or
LOWER BELLY.

WHEN the abdomen is opened, the first thing that offers itself to view is the peritoneum, which is a kind of bag made of a thin membrane of pretty clofe texture, and yet capable of a confiderable extenfion, and of returning to its former state. This bag contains the greatest part of the vifcera of the lower belly, but in a particular manner. In feveral parts of the convexity there are feveral depreffions, which form a kind of cells, which contain the viscera, within the peritoneum, namely, the guts, the ftomach, the liver, the spleen, &c.

The

250

A Treatise on Farriery.

The ligaments which ferve to fuftain most of thefe vifcera, are nothing else but a particular kind of doubling of the peritoneum, accompanied with a portion of the cellular and membraneous web, filled with fat, which covers its external furface; fuch as the ligament of the liver, the spleen, the uterus, and mefentery itfelf which is the common ligament of the guts, and is formed by a doubling of the peritoneum accompanied with its cellular web. This lies on the furface of the peritoneum throughout its whole extent; and is of a particular texture, confifting of feveral membraneous cells, by means of which the peritoneum is united to the fides of the belly. The part contained in this web, which may be feen without opening the peritoneum, are the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, the lower large blood vessels, &c.

The internal furface of the peritoneum is fmooth and fleek, and is continually kept moift by a ferocity which tranfudes through the pores throughout it whole extent. This moisture is neceffary to render the motion of the inteftines more eafy, becaufe otherwife the friction would caufe a painful fenfation.

The cellular web has four proceffes, two of which accompany the crural vefels, and the other two the fpermatic veffels in horfes. Thefe proceffes have been generally fuppofed to be made by the peritoneum, but this is a mistake.

The peritoneum being opened, you may difcover all the vifcera of the lower belly. On the right fide is the liver, the gall-bladder, and a part of the colon: on the lett fide the Spleen, a part of the colon, the caul, the bottom of the ftomach, and the pan

creas in the upper part you may perceive the two orifices of the ftomach, the gut duodenum, the trunk of the vena porta, the lower vena cava, and the great

artery.

The caul lies uppermost over the inteftines, and is a very fine membrane larded with fat, fomewhat like net work; it reaches from the bottom of the ftomach to the umbelical region. It refembles an apron tucked up. The fore part of it is connected to the bottom of the ftomach, to the duodenum and the spleen; and the hind part to the colon. The ufe of it is to preferve the fuppleness of the fibres of the guts, duodenum, and colon, to which it is connected: it fends fulphureous particles to the liver for the preparation of the bile, and by its unctuofity abates the acri. mony of the blood.

It

The afophagus or gullet, being a part of the intestinal canal which is extended from the mouth to the anus, may properly be taken notice of in this place. reaches from the 'bottom of the mouth to the diaphragm; next to this is a fort of bag called the ftomach; and the remainder hath the general name of inteftines or guts. The gullet defcends along the neck behind the wind-pipe: the upper part, which is a little dilated, is called the pharynx. It has four coats; the firit is common to the neighbouring part: the fecond is flefly, and is compofed of longitudinal and circular fibres; and the third confifts of nervous or tendinous fibres crof fing each other every way the fourth is called the villous coat; it is very porous, and always befmeared by a clammy liquor proceeding from the glands lying behind it.

(To be continued.)

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On the Game Laws.-Lottery, &c. Decifions.

To the Editors of the Sporting

I

Magazine,

Gentlemen,

RENT between 3 or 400l. a year, and have a freehold of about 3 or 4 fcore more, and yet dare not keep à greyhound to follow at my heels, about my land, nor a gun to fhoot a partridge or a pheafant for my longing wife, but fhall be feverely trounced by my next great neighbour; whilft his game-keeper, who is one generally picked out for one of the best hots in the county, fhall load his table with game, and fome to spare for your town poulterers; but, my poor fon Tom, if found with a fowling-piece in his hand, though it is only to kill a crow that is pecking my lambs eyes out, his

251

in the nation. I fhould think fome of your learned correspondents might devife a method to prevent fuch general devaftation, and procure us fome little fhare of an amufement to which we fo largely contribute.

Yours, &c.

A NORFOLK FARMER. Difs, July 20, 1794

The following decifions, though not abjolutely relating to the general Subjects of which the SPORTING MAGAZINE is compofed, yet may Serve as a guide to those who have a defire to fpeculate.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

gun fhall be taken from him by COURT OF KING'S BENCH.

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this faucy game keeper, and feverely rebuked in the bargain by the fquire. Now the fquire himself never takes a gun in hand, though I don't grudge him eating what pheasants he pleafes, for it is hard he fhould go without, because he don't approve of that rough exercife: but then t'is as hard I think, that we farmers, who have bred up a good store of this game, must be wholly denied a little recreation at fome of our Jeifure times, which certainly are but few: for it is not we fort of people who deftroy much game, nor the fquire's hounds, nor game-keepers, fo much as the little curs that follow the day Jabourers, early in the fpring and fummer mornings, to the fields and woods; who, lighting upon the fresh taint, purfue the nests and haunts of thefe creatures, and by their expertnefs, (fcarcely having any other way to live), will deftroy more game in embryo than all the dogs and guns Vol IV. No. XXIII.

TUESDAY, JULY 22.

ANGERSTEIN V. ROBERTS, AND ANOTHER.

HIS was an action brought

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to recover the value of fifty lottery tickets, being the remainder of 250 tickets which the plaintiff contended the defendant had engaged to deliver to him. Before it was known who should be the proprietors of the laft lottery, it was agreed between the plaintiff and the defendant, that if either of them fhould purchase the lottety, he fhould deliver to the other 250 tickets. The defendant purchased the lottery, but, as the ufual scheme of dividing the lottery was not followed, and only 40,000 instead of 50,000 tickets formed the fcheme: the defendant contended that the 200 tickets which he had delivered already, fatisfied the spirit and true meaning of his agreement with the plaintiff.

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252 Account of the Entertainment of Auld Robin Grey.

The fingle queftion between the parties was, whether the plaintiff under this agreement between him and the defendant, had a right to recover the remaining fiftv tickets.

There was no difference' between the parties as to any of the facts in the caufe, they being admitted on both fides. 1

Lord Kenyon was clearly of opinion that this was an equitable performance of the contract on the part of the defendant, 200 tickets in a lottery, confifting only of 40,000 tickets, being equal to 250 tickets of a lottery where the number of tickets was 50,000. This being his lordship's opinion, the plaintiff was nonfuited.

VAUGHAN V. JAMESON.

This was an action upon a policy of infurance. The defendant took of the plaintiff a premium of feven guineas, to return him one hundred guineas, if war was declared between this country and France within two months from the date of the policy. War was declared within the time, and therefore this action was brought to recover the money.

Lord Kenyon faid he thought he ought not to hear this cause : the contract was illegal, because it put one of the parties into a fituation to entertain wishes hoftile to the good of his country, and on that account the contract was fuch as a court of juftice fhould not fanction.

It was then contended on the part of the plaintiff, that, although he could not by law recover the whole fum, according to the policy, yet juftice demanded that he mould have his own feven guineas back again.

This we understand, his Lordhip was about to affent to; but fomething appeared on the face of the policy which prevented it.

The plaintiff was nonfuited.

The following account of the new

Piece exhibited at the Haymarket Theatre, ought in regular course, to have been inserted in our last; but a defire to present our Sporting Friends with what we deemed more material to them, obliged us to defer it, which we hope will be confidered as fufficient apology on our part.

THE THEATRE,

HAYMARKET:

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The Game Law's relating to Angling, &c.

for a fpeedy and fafe return., He is fcarcely gone, when Sufan, difguifed as a young fhepherd, enters with an account of the lofs of the fheep entrusted to her care, and the is fucceeded by the entrance of Sandy, a country loon, likewife in the fervice of Donald, who informs them the cows have been born away by a torrent; on this intelligence the mother falls fick, and Donald helping her into the houfe (as the under plot afterwards relates) falls and breaks his arm. They are now deftitute and in affliction. The laird's ftewards come on them for the rents, while Donald being unable to pay is threatened with feizure: at this interval Auld Robin Grey comes and relieves them, and the gratitude of Jenny, urged by the neceffity of her parents, induces her, after a fevere conflict betwixt love and

facrifice

253

and who is living with Donald, and Jerry, a piper, just returned from London, and Sandy, the butt of the other two, is well managed and well conceived. The fcenery and mufic are very beautiful; the overture in particular deferves encomium, and Dr. Arnold has fhewn his tafte in the judicious felection of papular and favourite Scots tunes. The new mufic likewife contains many airs likely to be popular; a fon of Dr. Arnold is the author, and we are happy to add, that no piece was ever received with ftronger marks of approbation.

The GAME LAWS relating to AN-
GLING, and FRESH-WATER
FISH.

(Continued from page 205. I

filial affection, to find they B acted, that, if any perfon

former to latter, aud proceed to celebrate the nuptials. In the interim, Jemmy is dif covered after a fhipwreck, from which he finds a casket of gold, &c. and is taken on board by a veffel in which is Duncan, the Scottish laird, then on his return to Scotland, where Sufan, as before mentioned, is waiting in difguife in anxious expectation of his arrival. The icene then reconveys us to Jenny, with Auld Robin, &c. &c. going into church; they enter, and Jemmy returns at the moment, when all around inform him that Jenny is wedded to Auld Robin Grey. He is about to depart in all the agonies of death, when Jenny is brought out fainting, and the auld gude mon, finding his mistake, joins the hands of the lovers. The epifode of Duncan and Sufan is wel! contrived, and under the plot between Moggy, à ruftic fervant,

it is If perfon thall enter into any park or paddock fenced in, and inclofed, or into any garden, orchard, or yard, adjoining or belonging to any dwelling-houfe, in or through which park or paddock, garden, orchard, or yard, any ftream of water fall run, or wherein thall be any river, ftream, pond, pool, moat, ftew, or other water, and by any means, or device whatfoever, fhall steal, take, kill, or deftroy, any fifh bred or kept therein, without the confent of the owner thereof, or fhall be aiding therein, or fhall receive or buy any fuch fifh, knowing them te be fo ftolen or taken as afore faid, and fall be convicted thereof at the affizes, within fix calendar months after the offence thall be committed, he fall betranfported for feven years: and any offender, furrending him. felf to a juftice, or being apprehended

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