On the Archetype and Homologies of the Vertebrate Skeleton

Agassiz alisphenoid anatomist anchylosed animals anthropotomy apophyses archetype articular articulated atlas basihyal batrachians birds body Bojanus bony branchial called canal capsule cartilage cartilaginous cavity centres centrum cervical cetacea character chelonians coalesced connections cranial bones cranial vertebræ cranium crocodile Cuvier distal distinct bone diverging appendage dorsal endoskeleton essential ethmoid exoccipital expanded fins foramen Geoffroy hæmal arch hæmal spine hæmapophyses homology homotypes human hyoid arch jugal malar mammalian mammals mastoid maxillary modification neural arch neural spine neurapophyses notochord occipital vertebra Oken olfactory nerves opercular bones orbit orbitosphenoids osseous fishes ossicles ossified parapophyses parietal vertebra perforated petrosal pieces plate portion posterior prefrontals primitive proximal rays recognised regard relation reptiles retain ribs rudimental sacral sacrum scapular scapular arch serial skeleton skull special homology sphenoid sphénoïde squamosal supraoccipital suture temporal term thorax transverse processes trunk tympanic pedicle typical vertebra upper vertebral column vertebral elements Vertebrata vomer