the 3d day of September, 1783, and that to avoid the necessity of say. ing anything on the subject of it, a copy of the treaty should be enclosed in the letter.

Your Secretary submits the following draft of such a letter to the consideration of Congress :

To:

It gives us pleasure to inform your majesty that the war which for many years had subsisted between his Britannic majesty and the United States of America was happily terminated on the 3d day of September, 1783, by a treaty of peace, which has since been formally ratified by both parties.

The respect we entertain for your majesty induces us to inform you of this important event, and, for your further satisfaction, to enclose you a copy of the treaty.

Permit us to assure your majesty of our sincere desire to cultivate harmony and a friendly intercourse between your majesty's subjects and our citizens; and that we wish to see the commerce of these States with other nations so regulated as to become reciprocally beneficial to them and to us.

When it is considered that monopoly and restraint on one side always produce monopoly and restraint on the other, and that attempts to obtain partial advantages usually occasion equivalent embarrassments, we flatter ourselves that in this enlightened age a policy more consonant to the honor and happiness of mankind will by degrees prevail.

We, for our parts, shall be happy to enter into a treaty of amity and commerce with your majesty on the most liberal principles; and we have reason to hope that the various productions and rapid population of our thirteen countries will give them some weight in the commercial state.

We pray God to keep your majesty under His holy protection. Done by the United States of America in Congress assembled, at their chamber in the city of New York, on the thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.

All which is submitted to the wisdom of Congress.

day of

oue

JOHN JAY

Vanity, 1, p. 509.

Zeal, 1, p. 511.

Change of views, 1, p. 511.

Rupture with Vergennes, 1, p. 512.

Advocates "militia" diplomacy, 1, p. 523.

On treaty committee, 2, p. 100.

Appointed with Franklin and Rutledge to wait on Lord Howe, 2, p. 136.

Conference with Lord Howe, 2, pp. 139, 145.

Acceptance of commission to France, 2, pp. 431, 432, 443, 458, 459.

Conveyance of letters to Lafayette, 2, p. 486.

Arrival in France, 2, p. 545.

Authority to Dumas in the Netherlands, 2, pp. 545–547.

Sailing of British fleet, 2, p. 591.

Death of Chatham, 2, p. 591.

Reserve of Kings of Prussia and Spain, 2, p. 591.

Expenditures and accounts of the commissioners, 2, pp. 592, 595.

More than one envoy at a court a bad policy, 2, pp. 592, 595.

Criticism on diplomatic system of United States, 2. pp. 592, 593, 595.

Joy in France over ratification of the treaties, 2, p. 642.

Fights between French and English ships without declaration of war, 2, p. 642.
Effect on Prussia of dispute as to Bavaria, 2, p. 642.

Uneasiness as to drafts of Congress, 2, p. 643.

Opinion as to Deane, 2, pp. 664, 665.

Effect of American successes in Europe, 2, p. 664.

Request for a determinate allowance from Congress, 2. p. 665.

Visit of Izard, 2, p. 665.

British offer of independence for a separate peace, 2, pp. 666, 667.

831

Adams, John-Continued.

Rejection by Congress of British proposals, 2, p. 675.
Importance of alliance with France, 2, p. 676.

Prejudice against France, 2, p. 676.

European interest in American constitutions, 2, p. 677.

Taxation preferable to foreign loans, 2, p. 677.

Arthur Lee and the differences of the commissioners, 2, p. 677.

Naval movements in Europe, 2, pp. 694, 703.

Lack of news from America, 2, pp. 710, 753.

Inquiry as to rent of house at Passy, 2, p. 718.

Refusal of Chaumont to receive pay, 2, p. 726.

Izard's criticisms on fishing articles of treaty with France, 2, pp. 728, 742, 753.
Trade in "rum and ribbons, " 2, p. 743.

Expenses, accounts with Franklin, 2, pp. 736, 746.

Refusal of A. Lee's offer of a room for the meeting of the commissioners, 2, p.
760.

Offer of room to Lee at Passy, 2, p. 761.

Services of W. T. Franklin, 2, p. 761.

England bent on continuing the war. 2, pp. 846, 851, 856.

Attitude of the French ministry, 2, p. 849.

Position of the individual commissioners, 2, p. 849.

Opinion as to the French alliance, 2, p. 852.

Danger of French influence in America, 2, p. 852.

Loss of correspondence, 3, p. 44.

Willing to return to America, 3, pp. 47, 48, 51, 70.

Opposed to removal of A. Lee, 3, p. 47.

Confidence in France, 3, p. 48.

Writes Vergennes concerning Deane's appeal, 3, p. 50.

Comments on differences of commissioners, 3, pp. 52, 53, 56.

Approval of Williams's conduct, 3, p. 101.

Goes to Nantes to embark for America, 3, p. 87.

Delay in embarking, 3, p, 133.

Requested by A. Lee to commend his conduct, 3, p. 208.

Favorable expressions touching A. Lee, 3, pp. 214, 219, 381.
British compelled to pay high rate of interest, 3. p. 276.
Alliance detained at Brest by conspiracy, 3, p. 276.

Exchange of prisoners, 3, p. 276.

Enlistment of sailors on Alliance and Poor Richard, 3, p. 276.
Sails with Luzerne on the French frigate Sensible, 3, p. 277.
Character of Luzerne, 3. p. 277.

Settlement of accounts,3, p. 277.

Movements of British and French fleets, 3, p. 277.

Rumored decision of Spain against England, 3, p. 277.

M. Marbois, secretary of French legation, 3, p. 277.

General state of affairs in Europe, 3, p. 278.

Firm support by France of American cause, 3, p. 278.
Popularity of war in France, 3, p. 279.

Personal character of French King, 3, p. 279.

Reconciliation of Russia and the Porte, 3, p. 279.

Affairs in Germany, 3, pp. 279, 283.

Conduct of Luzerne in Bavaria, 3, p. 280.

Against too implicit trust of foreign powers, 3, p. 281.

Future relations with Great Britain, 3, p. 281.

Canada, Nova Scotia, and Floridas, a source of future controversy, 3, p. 281.
Probability of relations with, 3, p. 281.

Adams, John-Continued.

Possibility of borrowing money in Holland, 3, p. 282.
Commerce of Spain, 3, p. 282.

Spain's indecisive conduct, 3, p. 282.

Spain has less interest than France in war, 3, p. 282.

Spain not a dangerous neighbor, 3, p. 282.

Peace between Portugal and Spain, 3, p. 283.

Commerce with Austria, 3, p. 283.

Situation of Trieste as to commerce, 3, p. 283.

Possibility of commercial treaty between England and Austria, 3, p. 283.
Obstacles to recognition of independence by Austria, 3, P. 284.

Poverty of Austria, 3, p. 284.

Changes in Europe caused by American war, 3, p. 284.

Natural ties of Prussia and France, 3, p. 284.

Desire of Prussia to increase commerce, 3, p. 284.

Probability of Prussia's recognition of independence of United States, 3, p. 284.
Decline of Italy, 3, p. 285.

Possible usefulness of Leghorn, 3, p. 285.

Error in sending agent to Tuscany, 3, p. 286.

Two Sicilies dependent on Spain, 3, p. 286.

Disinclination of Rome to recognize independence, 3, p. 286.

Question of sending and receiving representatives between United States and
Rome, 3, p. 286.

Commerce of Sardinia, 3, p. 286.

Possibility of loan in Genoa, 3, p. 286.

Decay of Venice, 3, p. 286.

Answer of Baron de Schulenberg, as to independence of United States, 3, p.
284.

Advantages of Leipsic for American trade, 3, p. 285.

No direct commerce with Bremen, 3, p. 285.

Proposed establishment of consul at Hamburg, 3, p. 285.

Decline of Poland, 3, p. 285.

Armed neutrality, 3, p. 285.

Condition of Switzerland, 3, p. 286.

Relations between Vergennes and A. Lee, 3, p. 293.

Requests copies of complaints against commissioners, 3, p. 313.

Accounts to Treasury board, 3, pp. 326, 328.

Purchase of books in French language, 3, p. 327.

Allowance for son, 3, p. 327.

Expense of secretary, 3, p. 328.

Account of quarrels of commissioners, 3, p. 331.

Refusal to participate in, 3, p. 332.

Opinion as to Franklin, 3, P. 332.

Acknowledges congratulations of President of Congress, 3, p. 334.

Nominated by Paca to negotiate treaty with Spain, 3, p. 336.

Nominated by Laurens to conclude peace, 3, p. 335.

Election, 3, pp. 337, 339, 345, 381.

Commission, 3, pp. 341, 342, 357, 358.

Appointment of secretary by Congress, 3, pp. 311, 381.

Congratulations of Marbois, 3, p. 349.

Letter of Luzerne on appointment, 3, pp. 352, 383.

Salary, 3, pp. 359, 375.

Salary of secretary, 3, p. 360.

Thanks French officers for passage on the Sensible, 3, p. 367.

Adams, John-Continued.

Comments on course of Izard, 3, p. 382.

Proposes attack on British whale fishery, 3, p. 385.

Stamps of Mr. Schweighauser, 3, p. 388.

Importance of naval superiority in West Indies, 3, p. 389.

Writes H. Laurens as to mission, 3, p. 392.

Acknowledges receipt of commissions, etc., 3, p. 399.

Gratification at appointment, 3, p. 340.

Sends Congress a copy of the letter book of commissioners in France, 3, p. 404.
To take Mr. Thaxter as private secretary, 3, p. 404.

Sails on French frigate Sensible, 3, p. 417.

Arrival at Ferrol, 3, pp. 417, 422.

Capture of ship by J. P. Jones, 3, p. 422.

Attentions of French and Spanish officers, 3, p. 422.

Arrival at Corunna, 3, p. 427.

Civilities of the governor of Galacia, 3, p. 427.

Friendly disposition of Spanish court, 3, p. 427.

Rumors as to mediation of Russia, 3, p. 428.

Requests passports for suite, 3, p. 432.
Letter from Sartine, 3, p. 453.

Arrival at Bilboa, 3, p. 457.

Delayed by storms on the way, 3, p. 458.

Description of province of Galacia, 3, p. 458.

Eagerness of Great Britain for war, 3, p. 461.

Reasons of Congress for appointment of plenipotentiary to treat for peace. 3, p.
492.

France to be consulted, 3, p. 492.

Advice of Vergennes sought on various questions, 3, p. 492.

Thanks Sartine for passage on the Sensible, 3, p. 493.

Arrival in France, 3, p. 494.

Visits Franklin, 3, p. 495.

Call, with Franklin, on Vergennes, 3, p. 495.

Advised to conceal the object of his mission, 3, p. 496.

Defrayment of expenses, 3, p. 499.

False reports as to British operations, 3, pp. 500, 501, 504, 506.

Inquiries of M. Genet, 3, p. 500.

Inquiries of La Fayette, 3, p. 501.

Sends Vergennes copies of commissions, 3, p. 503.

Assures Vergennes as to character of instructions, 3, p. 504.

Appointment a matter of notoriety in America, 3, p. 504.

News of British successes, 3, p. 507.

Appointment treated in England as evidence of drooping spirit in America, 3,
p. 508.

Thompson's "Britannia," 3, p. 506.

Uncertainties of correspondence, 3, p. 512.

Congratulations to Jay, 3, p. 512.

Determination of France to prosecute naval war, 3, p. 512.

Formation of committees of correspondence in England, 3, pp. 513, 519.

Reference to the "electrical rod, " 3, p. 513.

Sends triplicates and documents to Congress, 3, p.514.

To correspond with Vergennes, 3, p. 515.

Vergennes acknowledges commissions, 3, p. 518.

Publication of objects of mission, 3, p. 518.

Sends Congress correspondence with Vergennes, 3, p. 519.

Consular representation at Provence and Languedoc, 3, p. 519.