and the declarations in the house of Governor Turner [cheers]. I hope, when these treaties come to be read, they will tend still further to increase the commercial prosperity of the country, which is at present at a height unexampled in history" [hear, hear!]. ·

Mr. Brougham then rose; he recalled to the attention of the house the motion which he made, in the preceding session, to obtain what was, at first, so obstinately refused, in order to grant it a little later,; and he hoped that the experience of what had been done would induce ministers 1, ever, congratulated them or South America; he would

their tardiness, but he regreti · ·

still more. He, how

ment, and that of the whappy sic

onduct towards ch them with did not ap

Nich has

recognition of the independence of St. ■ omingo.

Mr. Canning, in reply to the speech of the honorable member, entered upon the question of the in ice pendence of America, and declared, that the three re publics mentioned in the king's speech could not hava been sooner recognized; that Buenos-Ayres, indeed, had for some years been delivered from the Spanish troops, but that, as this ante consisted of thirteen or

fourteen provinces, it was first necessary to ascertain that they were united under the same power; that this consolidation was the sole condition of the treaty concluded with the state, and that, if it was found to exist, as he doubted not was the fact, the treaty would be signed; that, as to Colombia, only two years had elapsed since the expulsion of the Spanish forces, and, consequently, it was for not more than two years that this republic could have been admitted into the number of independent nations; that, some time after the expulsion of the Spaniards, the Colombians, having thought proper to risk their independence, by sending the greater part of their forces out of their territory, England could not recognize this republic whilst there was reason to fear a renewal of the contest; that the success of the Colombians at Peru, of which the government had positive knowledge, having removed all apprehension of that danger, the government had acted accordingly, Mr. Canning alluded, as did Lord Liverpool, in the House of Lords, to the attempt of Iturbide on Mexico, and declared that it was physically and morally impossible to proclaim the recognition of this state before the time they had chosen. As to the mode of recognition, the minister explained himself thus:

"There are those who maintain that there is something mean and paltry in negotiating a treaty as the means of recognition; but as far as I am informed, it has been the course in such transactions, in the most approved cases, in the best times. The ministers of the United States (to go back to what is an example for this purpose, though not for imitation in other instances) were not admitted to the court of France until after the signature the treaty, which was the mode of recogni

tion: the signature of that treaty was announced by France to this country, as the act of recognition. But there was this great difference in the two cases. France not only recognized the United States before the mother-country had done so, but without giving her the choice of doing it first. With the treaty of amity and commerce on that occasion, was mixed up a treaty of alliance, by which France made herself the enemy of Great Britain [hear, hear !]. Is it to be contended that this measure is imperfect, because it has been unaccompanied by a war with Spain [hear !]? What I endeavoured to accomplish was, to arrive at an object which I knew to be the wish of the country, if not without exciting, at least, without giving any just ground for hostility [hear, hear, hear!]. There may be something paltry, mean, and huckster-like (as the honorable and learned gentleman says) in this anxiety, but I am not yet aware that it was so. War lay here and there on each side of our path; our course was in the centre, and we arrived at the end without stirring the dangers that surrounded us [hear, hear!]. I ask then, with confidence, in what respect is this measure unsatisfactory? Is it unsatisfactory, because from the beginning to the end no step was taken by the British government, which was not accurately announced to every party interested, whether by immediate relation, sympathy or honor [hear!]? Is it unsatisfactory, because in the archives of any office there does not exist a single document which Spain has not seen, and of which the allies have not had cognizance [hear!]? Is it unsatisfactory, because Spain has been told for years, that if she would take the precedence in this act of grace, Great Britain would be content to follow at a humble distance, giving her all the advantage of priority in the markets of her colonies [hear, hear!]? She has refused our offer, and,

though we go alone in this recognition, we scorn to take any separate advantage [hear!]. In every treaty we have negotiated with the independent states, so far from selling our

recognition for a price, we demanded only to be placed where those who chose to follow us should stand upon equal terms at our side [hear, hear!]. The honorable and learned gentle→ man tells us that he approves of the measure, but disapproves of the time and mode of its execution. I tell him, in return, that for aught I care, the measure may be his, or his honorable and learned friend's, or the country's, or the measure of common sense; but what I claim to myself, as a merit, if merit there be, is precisely that to which he affixes blame, and applies censure, viz., the time and mode of the recognition. By this plain and straight forward course-by this temperate and prudent policy, if you will-I trust, that we have avoided all the dangers that might otherwise have encompassed such a proceeding. Do I pretend to conceal, that by this step, we have hurt many feelings-that we have run counter to many interests that we have shocked many prejudices-that we have caused many regrets-that we have excited much anger and indignation? It is true, that we have done so I cannot deny it; but still I entertain the most sanguine hope, that all these feelings will explode themselves in words, and that we shall remain with our object gained, and at peace with all the world" (much cheering).

The minister added some other observations, and sat down amidst the unanimous applauses of the House.

OF THE INTERNAL POLITICS OF THE GOVERN MENTS OF SOUTH AMERICA, SINCE THE PUBLICATION OF THE LAST NUMBER OF THE AMERICAN MONITOR.

The whole of South America may reply to the calumniators who refuse to her the power of self-regeneration, as an ancient philosopher once replied to a sophist who denied the existence of motion; he refuted him by walking. In the same manner, America advances with rapid steps in the career of civilization and independence, and patiently listens to the clamours of its impotent enemies, who seem to possess no other power than to retrograde; they take refuge in the past, whilst America rests upon the present, thence to start forward into the future.

In directing our attention to all the new states arising upon the ruins of Portugal and Spain, from Cape Horn to the extremity of the Gulf of California, we every where see the storms subsiding, which so great a revolution must necessarily have produced, whilst time confirms the doctrines which have released America from the fetters of her former connexions,

At Brasil, the two opposite principles which came into momentary contact, have become eventually blended into one; and, from their transient collision, has resulted the state of things so long desired and foreseen; or, in other words, the consolidation of a constitutional monarchy, founded on independence and liberty.