against the dead ball on the side from which it came; or all balls shall rest where they lie, at the option of the opponent.

RULE 30.-If a player, in making a direct shot, strike a ball on which he has already played; that is, a dead ball, his play ceases. Any point or part of a point or ball struck, after striking the dead ball, is not allowed, and both balls must be replaced in accordance with the preceding rule. A dead ball displaced by other than direct shot, shall not be replaced.

RULE 31.-If playing ball in passing through its arch strike a dead ball that is beyond the arch, as determined by Rule 45, the ball shall not be considered a dead ball if playing ball rests through its arch, and the point shall be allowed. RULE 32.-A ball accidentally displaced, otherwise than as provided for in Rule 12, must be returned to its position before play can proceed.

RULE 33.-If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by an opponent, the player may repeat the shot or not as he chooses. Should he decline to repeat the shot, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play from there.

RULE 34.-If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by a player or his partner, the opponent may demand a repetition of the shot if he chooses. Should he decline to do so, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play from there.

RULE 35.-If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by any object inside the ground, not pertaining to the game or ground, other than provided for in Rules 33 and 34, the shot may be repeated or allowed to remain, at the option of the player. If not repeated, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, play from there.

RULE 36.-Should a player, on commencing his play, find his ball in contact with another, he may hit his own as he likes, and then have subsequent privileges the same as though the balls were separated an inch or more.

RULE 37.-A ball shot over boundary or border must be returned at right angles from where it stops. [The boundary is a line extending around the field, 30 inches from the border and parallel with it.]

RULE 38.-A ball is in the field only when the whole ball is within the boundary line.

RULE 39.-No play is allowed from beyond the boundary line, except when a ball is placed in contact with another for the purpose of croquet.

RULE 40.-If a player strikes his ball when over the boundary line, he shall lose his stroke, and the balls shall be replaced or left where they stop at the option of the opponent.

RULE 41.-If a player hit a ball off the field by a direct shot, his play ceases, and the roqueted ball is placed on the boundary opposite the point where it lay before being thus hit. But if a ball off the field is hit from a croquet, the hit shall not be allowed, the ball shall be replaced properly in the field, and the play shall not cease.

[NOTE. The three following rules apply more particularly to the old style of grounds with square corners, and are retained for some clubs that have not adopted the new style of grounds.]

RULE 42. The first ball driven over the boundary line into a corner must be placed on the corner at the intersection of the two boundary lines.

RULE 43.-If a ball, having been struck over the boundary line, is returnable at the corner, another ball being on or entitled to the corner, it shall be placed on that side of the corner ball on which it went off.

RULE 44.-If two balls, having been shot over the boundary line, rest directly behind one another at right angles with boundary line, they shall be placed on the line alongside of each other in the same relative position in which they were played off. This can occur only when the centres of the two balls rest directly behind one another at right angles with the boundary line.

RULE 45.-A ball is not through an arch when a straight edge, laid across the two wires on the side from which the ball came, touches the ball without moving the arch.

RULE 46.-If a ball has been placed under an arch, for the purpose of croquet, it is not in position to run that arch.

RULE 47. If a ball be driven under its arch from the wrong direction and rests there, it is not in position to run that arch in the right direction.

RULE 48.-If a ball, shot through its arch in the right direction, not having come in contact with another ball or the border, rolls back through or under that arch, the point is not made, but the ball is in position if left there.

RULE 49.-The cage wicket may be made in one, two or more turns, provided the ball stops within limit of the cage.

RULE 50. Any playing ball within, or under, a wicket, becomes dead to advancement through the wicket from that position if it comes in contact with any other ball by a direct shot.

RULE 51.-A rover has the right of roquet and consequent croquet on every ball once during each turn of play, and is subject to roquet and croquet by any ball in play.

RULE 52.-Rovers must be continued in the game until partners become rovers, and go out successively, and a rover that has been driven against the stake cannot be removed to make way for the next rover.

RULE 53.-If a player plays out his proper turn, whether with his own or any

VOL. VI.-7

other ball, or in his proper turn plays the wrong ball, and the mistake is discovered before the next player has commenced his play, all benefit from any point or points made is lost, and his turn of play is forfeited. All balls moved by the misplay must be returned to their former position by the umpire or adversary. If the mistake is not discovered until after the next player has made his first stroke, the error must stand.

RULE 54.-If a player makes a point he has already made, his marker not being on that point, and the mistake is discovered before the proper point is made, the play ceases with the shot by which the wicket was re-made, and the marker remains where it stood at the beginning of this play. All balls shall be left in the position they had at the time the wicket was re-made. If not discovered before the proper point is made, the points so made are good, and play proceeds the same as if no error had been made.

RULE 55.-If an error in order is discovered after a player has struck his ball, he shall be allowed to finish his play, provided he is playing in the regular sequence of his partner's ball last played. In case of dispute as to proper sequence of balls, it shall be decided by the umpire; if there is no umpire, by lot. No recourse shall be had to lot unless each party expresses the belief that the other is wrong.

RULE 56. At any time an error in order is discovered, the opposite side shall follow with the same ball last played (the proper sequence); but before playing their opponents shall have privilege to demand a transposition of adversaries'

balls.

Example.-Black plays by mistake after red-the error is not discovered. Blue plays in the proper sequence of his partner red, and seeing that black has just played, is thus led to believe it the innocent ball, and upon concluding his play, leaves black by red. Now, if error in order is discovered, the player of red and blue can demand that the position of black and white be transposed.

RULE 57. The surface of grounds shall not be changed during a game by either player unless by consent of the umpire, and if so changed at the time of playing, the shot shall be declared lost.

RULE 58-In making all side or corner wickets the playing ball shall pass through them towards the centre.

RULE 59.-If a rule is violated, a penalty for which has not been provided, the player shall cease his play.

The National Croquet Association at their meeting in August, 1894, adopted the following:

Should a ball be resting in a corner and another ball be played so that it should be brought in at the same place, it must be placed on that side of the ball upon which it passed over the boundary line.

TERMS USED IN ROQUE.

Boundary-The boundary is a line extending around the field, 28 inches from the border.

Bombard-To drive one ball so as to displace another.

Carom-A rebounding from an arch, a stake, or the border.

Combination-A Combination is the using of two or more balls to cause the movement of another.

Corner (Point)—A corner as a point is the vertex of any angle of the boundary line.

Corner (Place)-A Corner as a place is the space included between the border and two perpendiculars drawn from a corner point to the border.

Danger Ball-The ball to be played next, being that of the adversary.

Dead Ball-A ball upon or from which the player has taken his turn since making a point. It is then dead to all direct shots, till he makes another point, or has another turn of play.

Ball in Play-A ball is in play so long as points are made of balls hit, in accordance with the rules.

Innocent Ball-The last played ball of the adversary.

Rover Ball-A ball that has no more arches to make.

Points-See Rule 22.

Scoring-See Rule 6.

Shot These are of the same meaning.

Stroke

Direct Shot-When the playing ball struck with the mallet passes directly to another ball, either by a jump shot, or by a carom upon it from a stake, an arch, or the border. (See Rules 14 and 35.)

Drive Shot-A direct shot made so as to send the object ball to some direct spot. Follow Shot-When the playing ball in taking its turn is made to follow the object ball in nearly or quite the same direction. (See Rule 8.)

Foul Shot-See Rules 7, 11, 17, 19, 39, 40.

Jump Shot-Striking the ball so as to make it jump over any obstacle between

it and the object aimed at.

Live Ball-A ball upon which the playing ball has a right to play.

Object Ball-The ball at which the player aims.

Playing Ball-The ball that in proper turn of play is to be struck with the mallet.

Split Shot-Any play from a ball upon which the playing ball has counted. (See Rule 14.)

To play from a ball is to place the playing ball in contact with it, and then to make a split shot.

Set-up A location of a ball or balls, in the interest of one's partner, so that his next play or run may most easily be made.

Run-The making of a number of points in one turn of play.

Wiring-To wire a ball is to locate it, so that a wire or arch will interfere with a direct shot.

Within the Limits of the Cage-See Rule 48. A ball is within the limits of the cage or centre wicket, if a straight-edge or string held against the inside of the arches touches the ball.

ROQUE RULES.

RULE 1.-No player or other person shall be permitted to interfere with the result of a game by any word or act calculated to embarrass the player, nor shall any one, except a partner, speak to a player, while in the act of shooting.

RULE 2.-The order of colors shall be Red, White, Blue, Black, but the game may be opened by playing any color.

RULE 3.-There shall be no restriction as to mallets used. A player may change his mallet at any time during a game.

RULE 4-Should a ball or mallet break in striking, the player may demand another stroke, with a new ball or mallet.

RULE 5.-Every player shall be provided with a clip or indicator of the same color as his ball, painted in full on one side only, which he must affix to his arch next in order in course of play, before the partner ball is played, with the painted side toward the front of the arch. Should he fail to do so his clip must remain upon the arch upon which it was last placed and he must make the points again. Should he move his marker back of the point he is for, attention must be called to such error before the partner ball is played, otherwise it shall stand. Should a marker be moved beyond the proper point, it shall be replaced, provided attention is called to the error before the point upon which it rests is made. Should a player put a ball through its arch, he must move the corresponding clip to its proper arch before the next ball is played, otherwise the clip remains as before. No player shall lose any point or points by the misplacing of his clip by his adversary.

RULE 6.-All games shall be opened by scoring from an imaginary line running through the middle wicket across the field, each player playing two balls of any color toward the boundary line at the head of the court. The player, the centre of whose ball rests nearest this border line, shall have choice of play, and balls, provided that, in scoring, the ball did not strike the border, any other ball, or the stake. The balls shall then be placed on the four corners of the ground (nearest the centre of the field), partner balls diagonally to each other, the playing ball and next in sequence to be placed on the upper corners, the choice of corners resting with the playing ball and all balls being in play

RULE 7.-The ball must be struck with the face of the mallet, the stroke being delivered whenever touching the ball it moves it. Should a stake or wire intervene, the stroke is not allowed unless the ball is struck at the same time, and if the ball is moved without being struck with the face of the mallet, it shall remain where it rests, and should a point be made, or another ball be struck, it shall not be allowed, except by the decision of the umpire as to the fairness of the shot. All balls thus moved by a false shot may be replaced or not, at the option of the opponent, but no point or part of a point made, shall be allowed. RULE 8.-When making a direct shot, the player must not push or follow the ball with his mallet; but when playing from a ball the two balls being in contact, he may follow his ball with the mallet; but must not strike it twice, give it a second impetus, or change the direction of the stroke.

RULE 9.-If a player strikes his ball before his opponent has finished his play, the stroke shall stand, or be made over, at the option of the opponent. [See also Rule 52.]

RULE 10.-Should a ball rest against or near a wire, and the umpire, or other person agreed on, should decide that in order to pass through the arch, an unfair or push shot would have to be made, it shall not be allowed if made.

RULE 11. Should a player in making a stroke, move with his mallet or mallethead any other than his object ball, it shall be a foul and his play ceases, and all balls moved shall be replaced as before the stroke, or remain where they rest at the option of the opponent.

RULE 12.-If a dead ball in contact with another ball, moves on account of the inequality of the ground while playing the other ball away from it, the player does not lose his shot.

(a) If a live ball is similarly situated and moves on account of the inequality of the ground when the ball in contact is played away from it, the playing ball shall not be regarded as having counted upon it. (See Rule 14.)

(b) If a ball, in proper course of play, rest against another ball, and in picking up the playing ball for the purpose of continuing the play, the other ball moves on account of the inequality of the ground, no attempt shall be made to replace it.

RULE 13.-A ball must not be touched while on the field, except when it is necessary to place it beside the ball that has been hit for the purpose of playing from it, or to replace it when it has been moved by accident-except by permis sion of the opponent. [Picking up wrong ball, therefore (Rule 58) ends play.]

RULE 14. A ball counts upon another when it comes in contact with it by a blow from the player's mallet, or rebounds from a wicket, or a stake or the border; also when it comes in contact with it when play is taken from another ball. (See Rule 16.)

RULE 15.-A player after counting upon another ball shall not stop his bali for the purpose of preventing its hitting another. Should he do so his play ceases, and all balls shall be replaced as before the stroke, or remain, at the option of the opponent.

RULE 16.-When one ball counts upon another (see Rule 14), play must be taken from it. After taking play from a ball and moving it, the player is entitled to one more stroke.

RULE 17.-If a player in playing from a ball, fails to move it, such stroke ends his play, and his ball must be returned; or left where it stops, at the option of the opponent.

RULE 18.-A player, in each turn of play, is at liberty to play upon any other ball once only before making a point.

RULE 19. Should a player play from a ball he has not hit, he loses his turn, and all balls moved by such play must be replaced to the satisfaction of the umpire or adversary. Should the mistake not be discovered before the player has made another stroke, the play shall be valid, and the player continue his play.

RULE 20. In playing from a ball, if player's ball strike another, to which he is dead, such stroke does not end his play. (See also Rule 29.)

RULE 21.-If a player hits two or more balls at the same stroke, play can be taken only from the first.

RULE 22.-A player makes a point in the game when his ball makes an arch or hits a stake in proper play. (For Rovers, see Rule 51.)

RULE 23.-If a player makes a point, and afterward at the same stroke hits a ball, he must take the point and use the ball. If the struck ball is beyond the arch, as determined by Rule 44, and the playing ball rests through the arch, the arch is held to be first made. (See also Rule 40.)

RULE 24.-If a ball counts upon another, and afterward by the same stroke makes a point, it must take the ball and reject the point.

RULE 25.-A player continues to play so long as he makes a point in the game, or counts upon another ball.

RULE 26-A ball making two or more points at the same stroke, has only the same privilege as if it made but one.

RULE 27. If a ball be driven through its arch or against its stake by any carom, combination or concussion, it is a point made by that ball. (For a Rover, see Rule 51.)

RULE 28.-If a player play by direct shot on a dead ball, all balls displaced by such shot shall be replaced in their former position, and the player's ball placed against the dead ball on the side from which it came; or, all balls shall rest where they lie, at the option of the opponent.

RULE 29.-If a player, in making a direct shot, strike a ball on which he has already played; that is, a dead ball, his play ceases. Any point or part of a point or ball struck, after striking the dead ball, is not allowed, and both balls must be replaced in accordance with the preceding rule. A dead ball displaced by other than direct shot shall not be replaced. (See Rule 20.)

RULE 30.-If playing ball in passing through its arch strike a dead ball that is beyond the arch, as determined by Rule 44, the ball shall not be considered a dead ball if playing ball rests through its arch, and the point shall be allowed. (See Rule 40.)

RULE 31.-A ball accidentally displaced, otherwise than as provided for in Rule 11, must be returned to its position before play can proceed.

RULE 32. If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by an opponent, the player may repeat the shot or not as he chooses. Should be decline to repeat the shot, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play from there.

RULE 33.-If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by a player or his partner, the opponent may demand a repetition of the shot if he chooses. Should he decline to do so, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, must play from there.

RULE 34.-If a ball is stopped or diverted from its course by any object inside the ground, not pertaining to the game or ground, other than provided for in Rules 32 and 33, the shot may be repeated, or allowed to remain, at the option of the player. If not repeated, the ball must remain where it stops, and, if playing ball, play from there.

RULE 35.-Should a player, on commencing his play, find his ball in contact with another, he may hit his own as he likes, and then have subsequent privileges, the same as though the balls were separated an inch or more.

RULE 36.-A ball shot over boundary or border must be returned at right angles from where it stops.

RULE 37.-A ball is in the field only when the whole ball is within the boundary Line.

RULE 38.-No play is allowed from beyond the boundary line, except when a ball is placed in contact with another for the purpose of playing therefrom.

RULE 39.-If a player strike his ball when over the boundary line, he shall lose his stroke, and the balls shall be replaced or left where they stop, at the option of the opponent.

RULE 40.-If a player hit a ball off the field by a direct shot, his play ceases, and the ball thus hit is placed on the boundary opposite the point where it lay before being thus hit. But if a ball off the field is hit by a split shot the hit shall not be allowed, the ball shall be replaced properly in the field, and the play shall

not cease.

RULE 41. The first ball driven over the boundary line into a corner must be placed on the corner at the intersection of the two boundary lines.

RULE 42.-If a ball, having been struck over the boundary line, is returnable at the corner, another ball being on or entitled to the corner, it shall be placed on that side of the corner ball on which it went off.

RULE 43.-If two balls, having been shot over the boundary line, rest directly behind one another at right angles with boundary line, they shall be placed on the line alongside of each other in the same relative position in which they were played off. This can occur only when the centres of the two balls rest directly behind one another at right angles with the boundary line.

RULE 44.-A ball, running its arch in the right direction, is through when a straight edge, laid across the two wires on the side from which the ball came, does not touch the ball.

RULE 45.-If a ball has been placed under an arch, to play from another ball, it is not in position to run that arch.

RULE 46. If a ball be driven under its arch from the wrong direction, and rests there, so that a straight edge laid against the wires on the side of the arch from which it came, fails to touch it, it is in position to run that arch in the right direction.

RULE 47.-If a ball, shot through its arch in the right direction, not having come in contact with another ball or the border, rolls back through or under that arch, so that a straight edge applied as in Rule 44, touches it, the point is not made, but the ball is in position if left there.

RULE 48.-The cage wicket may be made in one, two or more turns, provided the ball stops within the limits of the cage. (See explanation of terms used in Roque.)

RULE 49.-Any playing ball within, or under a wicket, becomes dead to advancement through the wicket from that position, if it comes in contact with any other ball by a direct shot.

RULE 50.-A rover has the right to play upon every other ball once during each turn or play, and may be played upon, as any other ball.

RULE 51.-All balls must be continued in the game until two rovers, being partners, are driven against the stake, either by a single stroke or by two successive strokes of the mallet, and the last point or points may be made as any other. A rover that has been driven against the stake and over the boundary must be replaced properly in the field before the next stroke is made, and cannot be removed to allow the partner ball to hit the stake.

RULE 52.-If a player plays out of his proper turn, or in his proper turn plays the wrong ball, and the mistake is discovered before the next player has commenced his play, all benefit from any point or points made is lost, and his turn of play is forfeited. All balls moved by the misplay must be returned to their former position by the umpire or adversary. If the mistake is not discovered until after the next player has made his first stroke, the error must stand. (See Rule 9.)

RULE 53.-If a player makes a point he has already made, his marker not being on that point, and the mistake is discovered before the proper point is made, the play ceases with the shot by which the point was re-made, and the marker remains where it stood at the beginning of this play. All balls shall be left in the position they had at the time the point was re-made. If not discovered before the proper point is made, the points so made are good, and play proceeds the same as if no error had been made.

RULE 54. If an error in order is discovered after a player has struck his ball, he shall be allowed to finish his play, provided he is plaving in the regular sequence of his partner's ball last played. In case of dispute as to proper sequence of balls, it shall be decided by the umpire; if there is no umpire, by lot. No recourse shall be had to lot unless each party expresses the belief that the other is wrong.

RULE 55.-At any time an error in order is discovered, the opposite side shall follow with the same ball last played (the proper sequence); but before playing their opponents shall have privilege to demand a transposition of adversaries' balls.

Example.-Black plays by mistake after Red-the error is not discovered-Blue plays in the proper sequence of his partner Red, and seeing that Black has just played, is thus led to believe it the innocent ball, and upon concluding his play, leaves Black by Red. Now, if error in order is discovered, the player of Red and Blue can demand that the position of Black and White be transposed.

RULE 56.-A player, before or during his play, may require either arches or grounds or anything pertaining thereto to be placed in proper condition.