Political EconomyD. Appleton and Company, 1880 - 134 Seiten |
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Seite 43
... Fixed and Circulating Capitals . Capital is usually said to be either fixed or circulating capital , and we ought to learn very thoroughly the difference between these two kinds . Fixed capital consists of factories , machines , tools ...
... Fixed and Circulating Capitals . Capital is usually said to be either fixed or circulating capital , and we ought to learn very thoroughly the difference between these two kinds . Fixed capital consists of factories , machines , tools ...
Seite 44
... fixed capital is nearly the same : some factories may have been burnt or pulled down ; some machines may have become worn out , and have been replaced by new ones . But these changes in fixed . capital are comparatively few ; whereas ...
... fixed capital is nearly the same : some factories may have been burnt or pulled down ; some machines may have become worn out , and have been replaced by new ones . But these changes in fixed . capital are comparatively few ; whereas ...
Seite 45
... fixed capital , or less durable into more durable capital . Capital , accordingly , is invested for longer or shorter periods according to the durability of the form in which it is invested ( Latin , in , on , and vestire , to clothe ) ...
... fixed capital , or less durable into more durable capital . Capital , accordingly , is invested for longer or shorter periods according to the durability of the form in which it is invested ( Latin , in , on , and vestire , to clothe ) ...
Seite 47
... fixed proportion whatever between the number of labourers and the capital they require - it entirely depends upon the length of time in which the capital is turned over , that is , invested , and got back again . A poor savage manages ...
... fixed proportion whatever between the number of labourers and the capital they require - it entirely depends upon the length of time in which the capital is turned over , that is , invested , and got back again . A poor savage manages ...
Seite 69
... fixed number of apprentices , and by declining to work with any man who has not been brought up to the trade . It is probable that , where a trade is a small one , and the union powerful , there may be some success . The trade becomes a ...
... fixed number of apprentices , and by declining to work with any man who has not been brought up to the trade . It is probable that , where a trade is a small one , and the union powerful , there may be some success . The trade becomes a ...
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
Adam Smith advantage arises banker barristers become beef benefit better bubble called capitalist carry cheaply circulating capital coal coins collapse commodity consumed corn cost cotton deal difficult division of labour doubt earn employed employers employment England exchange factory fallacy farm farmer give gold increase Indirect Taxes invention iron Iron puddlers John Smith kind land laws of supply less limited in supply live lockout machinery machines manage manufactured means ment metal meteorological office paid payment pearls person plenty political economy poor Pound Sterling pounds Primer produce profits proportion quantity railways rate of interest rate of wages receive rent requisites of production rich sell shares shillings silver sometimes spend strike supply and demand tenant things Thomas Jones trade trades-unions usually utility valuable wealth wine workmen
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 59 - ... first, the agreeableness or disagreeableness of the employments themselves; secondly, the easiness and cheapness, or the difficulty and expense of learning them; thirdly, the constancy or inconstancy of employment in them; fourthly, the small or great trust which must be reposed in those who exercise them; and fifthly, the probability or improbability of success in them.
Seite 129 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain, and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Seite 34 - This great increase of the quantity of work which, in consequence of the division of labour, the same number of people are capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances; first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman; secondly, to the saving of the time which is commonly lost in passing from one species of work to another ; and lastly, to the invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many.
Seite 130 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner, in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Seite 128 - The subjects of every State ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State .... In the observation or neglect of this maxim, consists what is called the equality 'or inequality of taxation.
Seite 130 - Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state.
Seite 58 - Secondly, the wages of labour vary with the easiness and cheapness, or the difficulty and expense of learning the business. When any expensive machine is erected, the extraordinary work to be performed by it before it is worn out, it must be expected, will replace the capital laid out upon it, with at least the ordinary profits.
Seite 9 - that just as physical science was formerly hated, so now there is a kind of ignorant dislike and impatience of political economy." It is plain, therefore, that the low estimate of the studies of our section which is entertained by some members of the Association, is no isolated phenomenon, but is related to a mass of opinion outside the...
Seite 61 - Nothing, at first sight, can seem more reasonable and just ; but when you examine its meaning you soon find that there is no real meaning at all. It amounts merely to saying that a man ought to have what he ought to have. There is no way of deciding what is a fair day's wages.
Seite 8 - The second allegation is therefore the only one with which I am now concerned. In a recent elementary treatise on political economy, by a well-known writer, it is argued :—" We must do one thing at a time; we cannot learn the social sciences all at the same time. No one objects to astronomy that it treats only of the stars, or to mathematics that it treats only of numbers and quantities. . . There must be many physical sciences, and there must be also many social sciences, and each of these sciences...