1. The first word of every sentence should be capitalized. 2. The first word of every line of poetry should be capitalized.

3. Proper nouns should be capitalized.

4. Abbreviations of proper nouns should be capitalized. 5. Proper adjectives should be capitalized; such as,

French, German, Italian, Miltonic, with some exceptions, such as, titanic, oriental, stentorian, and. others. (The adjectives derived from personal names are less frequently capitalized than those coming from names of places. The dictionary should be consulted when any doubt is felt.)

6. O and I should always be capitalized.

7. Titles used in connection with names should be capitalized; as, the Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, the Reverend Campbell Morgan.

8. The first word of every direct quotation should be capitalized, except in cases where the quotation is begun in the middle of a sentence.

9. The first word and every important word in the title of a composition or book or article should be capitalized.

10. All words used in reference to the Deity should as a

rule be capitalized.

(Observe variations in this rule in your reading. Sometimes, to avoid the use of too many capitals, the rule is not followed. Such is the case in the Bible, for instance. Personal pronouns used for the Deity are usually capitalized; relative pronouns, usually not.)

11. Words are frequently capitalized according to their company; thus, "street," "college," "school," and others are common nouns, but when associated with a name, they should be capitalized; as, Bond Street, Chestnut Street, Manchester College, Amherst College, Lawrence School, Hill School, etc.

12. Common nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, in fact any part of speech used at the beginning of topics in a plan or list, may be capitalized. The writing of the first topic with a capital letter obligates the writing of the rest similarly. Such capitals are called topical capitals.

13. Hyphenated words have only the first word of their combination capitalized, unless they are used in titles, in which case Rule 7 is followed: Mother-inlaw, but "My Son-in-Law's Travels."

14. Personified or apostrophized words are frequently capitalized in both prose and poetry.

The weaver Winter its shroud had spun.

15. Important terms, such as Unity, Coherence, Emphasis, are sometimes capitalized for emphasis.

SECTION IV

PUNCTUATION

THE PICKWICK PAPERS

Charles Dickens

"Now," said Wardle, “what say you to an hour on the ice? You skate, of course, Winkle?"

"Ye

- yes; oh, yes"; replied Mr. Winkle. out of practice."

"Oh, do skate, Mr. Winkle," said Arabella. "I like to see it so much."

“Oh, it is so graceful," said another young lady.

A third young lady said it was elegant, and a fourth expressed her opinion that it was "swanlike."

"I should be very happy, I'm sure," said Mr. Winkle, reddening ;; "but I have no skates."

This objection was at once overruled.

Trundle had a couple of

pair, and the fat boy announced that there were half a dozen more, down stairs; whereat Mr. Winkle expressed exquisite delight, and looked exquisitely uncomfortable.

Old Wardle led the way to a pretty large sheet of ice; where Mr. Bob Saywer adjusted his skates with a dexterity which to Mr. Winkle was perfectly marvelous, and described circles with his left leg, and cut figures of eight; and inscribed upon the ice, without once stopping for breath, a great many other pleasant and astonishing devices, to the excessive satisfaction of Mr. Pickwick, Mr. Tupman, and the ladies; which reached a pitch of positive enthusiasm, when old Wardle and Benjamin Allen, assisted by the aforesaid Bob Sawyer, performed some mystic evolutions which they called a reel.

Read the above passage as well as you can, observing carefully the punctuation.

Read it again, ignoring the punctuation. Ask your class