2.

3.

Therefore doth heaven divide

The state of man in divers functions,
Setting endeavor in continual motion;
To which is fixed, as an aim or butt,
Obedience: for so work the honey-bees,
Creatures that by a rule in nature teach
The act of order to a peopled kingdom.
They have a king and officers of sorts;
Where some, like magistrates, correct at home,
Others, like merchants, venture trade abroad,

Others, like soldiers, armed in their stings,
Make boot upon the summer's velvet buds,
Which pillage they with merry march bring home
To the tent-royal of their emperor;

Who, busied in his majesty, surveys

The singing masons building roofs of gold,

The civil citizens kneading up the honey,

4.

5.

The poor mechanic porters crowding in
Their heavy burdens at his narrow gate,
The sad-eyed justice, with his surly hum,
Delivering o'er to executors pale

The lazy yawning drone. SHAKESPEARE'S Henry V.

Toussaint, the most unhappy man of men!
Whether the whistling Rustic tend his plough
Within thy hearing, or thy head be now
Pillowed in some deep dungeon's earless den ;·
O miserable chieftain ! where and when
Wilt thou find patience? Yet die not; do thou
Wear rather in thy bonds a cheerful brow:

Though fallen thyself, never to rise again,

Live, and take comfort. Thou hast left behind

Powers that will work for thee: air, earth, and skies.

There's not a breathing of the common wind

That will forget thee; thou hast great allies;

Thy friends are exultations, agonies,

And love, and man's unconquerable mind. WORDSWORTH.

Our tears are tears of pride who see thee1 stand,
Watching the great bows dip, the stern uprear,
Beside thy chief, whose hope was still to steer,
Though Fate had said, "Ye shall not win the land!"

What joy was thine to answer each command

From him calamity had made more dear,

Save that which bade thee part when Death drew near,

Till Tryon sank with Lanyon at his hand!

Death only and doom are sure: they come, they rend,
But still the fight we make can crown us great:
Life hath no joy like his who fights with Fate
Shoulder to shoulder with a stricken friend:

Proud are our tears for thee, most fortunate,
Whose day, so brief, had such heroic end.

THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON.

1" Midshipman Lanyon refused to leave the Admiral and perished."

6.

All are but parts of one stupendous whole,
Whose body Nature is, and God the soul;

That chang'd through all, and yet in all the same;
Great in the earth, as in the ethereal frame;

Warms in the sun, refreshes in the breeze,

Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. POPE.

V. Study the use of words in some of the illustrative passages printed in the chapters on Description and Narrative. Select extracts for paraphrasing from these passages.

PART II

THE ENDS OF COMPOSITION

CHAPTER VII

EXPOSITION

The Forms of Discourse. So far we have been studying the means and methods of expressing ourselves. We have to do now with the ends, and the effects of expression. Indications have not been lacking all along the way, that there are different types of expression resulting from the different subject matter and different purposes of writing. Generally speaking, there are, indeed, four forms of discourse, each one of which is generic and contains lesser specific forms under it. We shall define and illustrate the four here, and reserve the subdivisions until we come to the special treatment of each:

Exposition is explaining something completely and clearly.

It deals with processes, theories, character, circumstances, anything that needs to be explained. Argument is the attempt to persuade another mind of the truth of a given proposition. Exposition is often used as a part of Argument.

Narration is the account of what has happened, and therefore deals with incidents.

Description is picturing or suggesting by words some scene, object, person, or effect.

Whichever of these types our subject may belong to, we can always best surround it, collect our material for it, by apply