first in the army, was within 14 miles of the scene of night. He immediately communicated this informa action, when he heard of the defeat, and 300 regu- tion to gen. Winchester, and begged of him to order lar troops were also on their way. I remained at the the cartridges to be distributed among the men, the Rapids with one regiment only. In justice to gene-encampment to be formed in line of battle, and eve wal Winchester, I must observe, that I have under-ry preparation immediately taken to fortify it; but stood that the measure (marching the detachment to unfortunately the general could not admit the neces the river Raisin) was forced upon him by his officers; sity of these measures, and spoke contemptuously but, whatever may have been the cause, and however of an attack from the Indians, who had been routed great the calamity, both as it regards the nation and only a few days before. At this time the general was individuals, it is certainly not irreparable. By the quartered three fourths of a mile from the camp, unanimous advice of the general and field officers, I and most of the other officers at other houses along took this position yesterday, for the purpose of forc- the river. Col. Wells could not prevail upon his exing a junction with the troops in the rear, and to cellency to take any of these precautionary meacover the very valuable convoy of artillery and stores sures, and being alarmed for the exposed situation that are coming from Upper Sandusky. Unless the of the camp, he immediately returned with all pos weather is very unfavorable, I shall be at the Ra-sible speed, accompanied by capt. Langham, to the pids again in four or five days, and shall certainly Rapids, for a reinforcement, and meeting a detachgive the enemy an opportunity of measuring their ment previously dispatched by gen. Harrison, had strength with us in another contest. For myself I returned to within a few miles of the River Raisin, feel no doubt as to the result, and if I can judge of when the news of the defeat of Winchester reached the disposition of the troops, from the manner in them. It is also said that when the attack commenc which they received an address from me yesterday, jed, gen. Winchester, ordered a retreat; but from the a desire of avenging their lost companions and re-utter confusion which prevailed, this could not be trieving their country's disgrace is the predominant effected, and he then told them to take care every passion that occupies their minds. man for himself, and attempted to make his own es I know not what proportion the prisoners of gen. cape on horse back, but was overtaken before he had Winchester's late troops bear to the killed; some of gone a mile, by the Indians, and killed and scalped. the French who have come in, report the latter at His body was cut open and mangled in a shocking 500 and others at 800. The detachment amounted manner, and one of his hands cut off. Accounts to near 1000. I am, with much regard, dear sir, your humble servant, WM. H. HARRISON. His excellency governor Meigs. [The following is an extract of the letter alluded to in the commencement of the above letter of gen. Harrison. It was dated Lower Sandusky, January 19, 1813.] further state, that capt. Hurt,* of the Kentucky volunteers, had his men immediately formed in line of battle; and, with some others who fell into his line, was left making a gallant stand against the enemy; and, it is hoped, he has been able to obtain frome them terms of capitulation. Carrying river, the place to which gen. Harrison has fallen back, and which is his present head-quar "Gen. Winchester has been at the Rapids since the ters, is 18 miles this side the Rapids, and 52 beyond 10th-he has pushed a detachment to the river Rai- Fort M'Arthur. From Lower Sandusky to the Ro MORE PARTICULARS sin. I have not learned the precise object. I shall pids is about 40 miles, from thence to River Raisin, set out this morning, and reach his camp this night. 34-from thence to Fort Malden 18. The late enI have strong fears that colonels Lewis and Allen campment of the troops at the River Raisin was about may be overpowered.” three miles from the lake. In a letter to the editor of the REGISTER, from a gen-has called out two regiments of Ohio militia, to ren Upon the requisition of gen. Harrison, gov. Meiga tleman of great respectability; which letter also dezvous at Franklinton, on the 10th inst. to fill the enclosed the preceeding information, and has re-ranks in place of those whose time of service will ference thereto : then expire. Other and larger drafts will no doubt CHILICOTHE, 3d Feb. 1813. be speedily made to reinforce the army. Gen. Harri"DEAR SIR-I inclose you a hand-bill, containing son, it appears, is, notwithstanding the disastrous our latest news from the army-an account of a most fate of Winchester, determined to prosecute the camdreadful disaster to our arms; a disaster unprece-paign vigorously, and with as little delay as possible. dented in the annals of the present war, and enough There can be no doubt but that the fall of Winches to appal the stoutest heart! ter was owing to his imprudence in remaining with We have several accounts of particulars, in addi- so small a force in an exposed situation,only 18 miles tion to what is contained in the inclosed, which, from the enemy's "strong hold," from which they from the source they are derived, may, I expect, could march to his camp, on the ice, in four hours. be relied upon as nearly correct. Gen. Harrison was The procedure was altogether subversive of gen at Lower Sandusdy when he received information of Harrison's plans, and contrary to his arrangements, the detachment having been sent to the River Rai-which were known to Winchester. But it is painful ein by fen. Winchester. He dispatched a letter to to dwell on so distressing a subject, the bare recol gov. Meigs on the 19th ult. soon after, expressing his lection of which, will, even many years hence, awakfears for its fate, and immediately set out for gen. en a latent pang in the sympathetic breast." Winchester's camp, accompanied by his staff, where he arrived late in the evening. Gen. Winchester had, In addition, we learn from other sources, which, the same day, marched with 250 men to the River however, we do not consider so responsible as the Raisin to reinforce col. Lewis,and take the command. preceding, that only 700 men were killed, wounded The next morning gen. Harrison dispatched a battaand missing; that general Winchester's hand, chopLion from gen. Perfeins brigade, which was at the Ped off, was thrust into a wound it his body; that Rapids, as an additional reinforcement to Winches the enemy's force consisted of about 200 British to ter. We are further informed that on the evening before the defeat, col. Wells, of the U. S. regulars, Capt. Jirt had a company of about 100 young men who was at the River Itaisin with the advanced de-the flower of Lexington and its vicinity-and was tachment, leamed from some of the French inhabi-himself one of best men that ever lived. He is the tants that the enemy would attack the camp that/brother-in-law of Mr. Speaker Henry Clan THE WEEKLY REGISTER manage the artillery, (6 pieces) and 2000 allies; The enemy's squadron have made several captures, but we have In consequence of the manœuvres of the British feet in the Chesapeake, (see naval department) the legislature of Virginia made an immediate appropriation to meet the expences, and several volunteer companies of cavalry, riflemen and infantry, immediately proceeded from Richmond and its vicinity, to Norfolk, accompanied by some of the United States regulars. The governor has gone to Norfolk to take the command in person. Only one spirit was found among the people on this interesting occasion. 5th inst. Some suppose this is done in expectation of a French American Prizes. WEEKLY LIST-CONTINUED FROM PAGE 366. "The winds and seas are Eritain's wide domain, “And not a sail, but by permission, spreads!" British Naval Register. 335. The British king's packet Townsend, 9 guns and 28 men, besides several assisting passengers, From the 20th to the 27th of January, 58 persons taken by the Tom of Baltimore, after a hard fight, eported themselves to captain Forsyth commanding in which 7 or 8 were killed and wounded on board the packet-none hurt in the Tom. The Townsend at Ogdensburg, as deserters from the British. New-York, Feb. 5.-About three hundred of the being torn almost to pieces, was ransomed for £1200 United States' troops have left the camp at Green-sterling. The captain of the packet speaks in the bush in sleighs for Sackett's harbor, in consequence most honorable terms of the conduct of capt. Wilson of information having been received that the British and the crew of the Tom, as well during the fight as were preparing to make a descent upon that place for their gentlemanly behaviour after it was ended. for the purpose of destroying the flotilla there. We are informed, (says the Baltimore Whig) that general Armstrong intends joining the army of the centre, in order to promote the enterprize of the troops by his presence; his son a youth of about 20 of years age, was in the affair of Queenstown; he beaded a company of 36 men, 14 of whom were killed and 16 wounded, he received four wounds, one with a musket ball and three with buck-shot. From the London Pilot of November 28. PORTSMOUTH, NOV. 27-"Passed by last evening, From Quebec bound to London, the ships sir George Prevost and Euretta. The latter, it is said, has FIVE HUNDRED AMERICAN SCALPS on board!" NAVAL. 336. The British king's packet Nocton, from Rio Janeiro for London, with $70,000 in specie on board. captured by the U. S. frigate Essex, near the equaThe packet has been retaken and sent into tor Bermuda-but the cash is on board the Essex. 337. Brig Barrosa, 6 guns, from Cork, with an assorted cargo-a prize to the Rolla of Baltimore→→ has arrived at Martha's Vineyard. The Barrosa is valued at £40,000 sterling. 338. Brig Recovery, a prize to the U. S. brig Ar gus, has arrived at New Bedford. We have no parg ticulars. 339 Schooner Mary, with an assorted cargo, from Porto Rico for St. Jago de Cuba, sent into Charleston, by the Eagle of that port. The United States schooner Nonsuch (lately a pri- 340. Brig Peggy, of Barbadoes, from St. John's vateer from Baltimore, and a very warm and valua-Newfoundland, for St. Lucia, taken from under the ble vessel) under the command of lieut. Mork, sailed from Charleston, on a cruize, on the 25th ult. Admiral Cockburne, in the Marlborough 74, sailed from Cadiz on the 25th Nov. for the American station. We learn that the Wasp and Frolie are fitting for sea at Bermuda; and a letter from that place says a new admiral has arrived on the station, and that the present British force consists of 12 ships of the line, 20 frigates, besides sloops of war, brigs, &c. convoy of two British sloops of war, by the Hunter privateer and sent into Boston. It is expected that some others of the fleet were taken, for the privateer was wonderfully impudent in playing round and about them. The Peggy is one of the many American vessels that the British peaceably captured be fore the declaration of war. 341. Ship- of 500 tons, 8 guns, coppered,, laden with coal, plantation utensils, &c. from Bristol, (Eng.) for the West Indies, sent into New-Lon-:don by the Growler privateer. The citizens of Norfolk have been expecting a visit from the 342. Brig Andalusia of 250 tons, 10 guns,captured British squadron, consisting of two 74's, three frigates, a brig and a schooner, commanded by admiral Warren. A person lately ar rived at that place from Bermuda, has deposed "that these vessels on the coast of Africa by the Yankee privateer, and had taken on board, bombs and shells, as he understood, for an at- sent into Savannah. The Brig had 90 slaves on tack upon Norfolk," and his testimony is credited there. The squa dron at our last accounts from them was in the bay and had been board, who were landed on that coast. 343, 344. A schooner and sloop, taken on the coast Proceedings of Congress. in and out several times. The very valuable schooner Kemp from France, passed it a few nights ago, at anchor on the Horse shoe, su close as to bear the sentinels; but was not discovered. At the of Africa, by the Yankee privateer, and released, time they were coming up, the U. S. frigate Constellation was an after dispossessing them of four hundred and fifty-tzo ounces of gold dust. Cord in Hampton Roads, and was supposed to be one of their chief objects the tide was ebb, and she was fast aground on Willoughby spit. But the flood made and the ship was afloat before the enemy appeared. She was immediat-ly brought up the river, and moored between the forts. The troops were all at their quar ters-the $4th regiment of Virginia inilitia was mustered and nunerThursday, February 4-The house having resolve ously attended; the gun-boats placed in the most eligible situations and all possible things done to make the expected contest as hurtful to the for as they could. The militia of Hampton also seized itself into a committee of the whole, was enploye their arms, and but one spirit was manifest in the whole people in discussing the bill reported by the committee of foreign relations respecting seamen. Two distinguished citizens of Norfolk have been deputed to make the proper representations to the general and state governments. San Domingo 74, admiral Warren; Dragon 74, capt. Collier; Statira 38, Stackpole; Juon 38, Saunders; Maidstone 36, Bur der-Sophus rig and Syren schooner. The Belvidera of 38, and Lamislimus od 24, lrave since joined. HOUSE OF HEPRESENTATIVES. Friday, February 5.-On motion of Mr. 3Kim, Resolved, That the committee on naval affairs be instructed to enquire in the expediency or relin quishing, in favor of the officers and crews of the taken in striking out the remainder of the section public armed vessels of the United States a greater and carried-yeas 84, nays 37. portion of the value of prizes, than they are now by Mr. Pitkin then offered an amendment to the first law entitled to. And also to enquire into the expe- section, which goes to the exclusion, of foreigners, diency of providing further encouragement to equip natives of the British kingdoms, during the war. ping and employing private armed vessels of war against the ships and commerce of the enemy, and that the committee have leave to repart by bill or otherwise. The house then went into committee of the whole on the bill respecting scamen, as yesterday. Mr. Desha spoke against the bill; and Messrs. King, Rhea and Pickens in favor of it. Wednesday, Feb. 10.-A letter was received from the secretary at war inclosing a list of contracts for furnishing rations, &c. After spending a little time on Mr. Pitkin's proposition, without a decision a convention with the senate was formed to count the votes for a president and vice-president of the United States, for 4 years from the 4th of March next, when it appeared that Saturday, February 6.-Mr. Cheves from the com-James Madison had 128 votes and De W Clinton 89 mittee of ways and means, in pursuance of the in-votes for president-majority 39: Mr. Gerry structions of the house, reported a bill to remit the had 131 votes, and Mr. Ingerso! 36 votes for viceclaims of the United States in certain goods, wares president-majority 45. And the president of the and merchandize, captured by the private armed senate proclaimed accordingly. vessels of the United States-Twice read and committed. Mr. Bassett, from the naval committee, reported a bill supplementary to the act for increasing the navy of the United States. [The bill proposes to authorize the building of six sloops of war, and four others for the lake service, and to put out of commission, after the completion of these vessels, such of the gun-boats, as the public service may not require.] The bill was twice read and committed. THE CHRONICLE. We have the 29th bulletin of grand [French] army, dated at Moldeschenow (about 25 leagues from Wine) Dec. 3. It details at great length, the operations of the troops in returning from Rus sin, into winter quarters, as they have it. Indeed it was apparently impossible to sustain so great an army the present season in such an inhospitable climate as that of Russia, the country being ruined and destroyed, as it was, by the Russians themselves. Bonaparte's retreat, all things considered, if the various accounts of his difficulties are to be creditest, is as much to his honor, as a military man, as any other thing he ever accomplished. The bulletin plainly points out some of those difficulties; as, for instance, i admits they lost 30,000 horses by the cold; assisted, no doubt, by the want of forage. The cavalry was so completely dismounted that the officers could scarcely form four companies, of 150 men each, in which generals did the duties of captains, and the colonels those of sub-officers.Hence, it must necessarily be supposed that the loss of artillery baggage, &c. was immense, and that the distresses of the wounded were dreadfully severe. The army was constantly harrassed by the Russian forces, chiefly by ambuscades of Cossacks, who picked up many stragglers and kept the whole line in perpetual alarm and Exclusion of foreign seamen. The house again resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Bassett in the chair, on the bill regulating the employment of foreign seamen in the armed vessels and in the merchant service of the United States. Mr. Ridgely made a speech of some length ex-anxiety. The loss of men during the campaign is not stated, but it must have been very great. It would appear that the remainder plaining his ideas on this subject, and concluded of the army was safe; and, by the liberal supplies received, enabled with moving an amendment, the object of which to act on the offensive, if need should so require. Large supplies collected-the artillery had repaired its losses, and all things were was, to provide that no person not a native should of provisions and stores reached it froin Wilna, 20,000 horses were be employed in the service of the United States, resuming their customary aspect. until the period of probation of five years, required by our laws, should have been completed. Mr. Bibb having remarked that this amendment only went to explain a provision of the bill not now perhaps sufficiently clear The French papers say that the plan of the Russians to prevent the army from reaching its winter quarters was profoundly con ceived; and attribute its defeat to the superior genius of the empe ror only. It appears that some of the attacks of the Russians were of the most furious nature. Their success was various; but every attack had a common effect in adding to the distresses of the French. The whole country round Moscow, and for many leagues adjacent to It was adopted without a division. The most important amendment made to the bill, the march of the army, is now a desert; every thing that could possi bly administer to the comfort of the French being destroyed by the was the agreement of the committee to a motion Russian forces, at an immense sacrifice of lives and property of their made by Mr. Robertson, to strike out the eighth sec-own people. A Paris paper says that 120,000 men to reinforce the grand army, had reached the Nieman; and very naturally en tion of the bill, which our readers will recollect pro-quires, if in the desert country the Russians will be able to sustain vides that the bill shall not have effect except as to themselves,with a view of acting against the French in winter quarthe seamen of such nation as shall have made reciprocal arrangements as to the seamen of the United States. About 4 o'clock, the committee rose and reported the bill; and ters. As usual, the British printers have killed Bonaparte several times during this campaign-but the bulletin represents him as being in Great pre full health; it is the latest accounts we have of him. parations for the spring campaign had already commenced. And wear that Alexander, the only prince in Europe that we have the least regard for, totters on his throne, through his alliance with our enemy. The house forthwith adjourned. Later-We have Paris dates to the 20th Dec. The emperor re Monday, Feb. 8.-After some business of but lit-turned to that city on the 18th, and was received with the thunder the importance was disposed, the house received of cannon, and great demonstrations of joy. It also would appear confidential message from the senate, and the doors that the army was in a good condition at Wilna, with an abundance of all sorts of supplies. were closed. When the doors were opened a resolution was received from the senate for appointing a joint committee to ascertain and report a mode of examining the votes for president and vice-president of the United States, and of notifying the persons elected of their election. The said resolution was concurred in by this house; and the house then adjourned. Perpetual motion-Charles Redheffer requests the public to sus pead their opinion on the report of the committee appointed by the legislature of Pennsylvania, to examine his machine, as he is pre ag a publication on the subject, in which he pledges histon proy, from incontestible facts, that his machine is no imposition nor self an impostor, as they have taken upon themselves to pro nounce him. Rufus King, esq. has been appointed a senator of the United Stries for six years, in the place of John Smith, esq. whose period of service expires on the 4th of March next. The votes were for Mr. Kong, 68-and for Mr. Wilkins (rep.) 61-blank ballots, 3 Tuesday, Feb. 9-After other business, the con- Jugfal intelligence. We learn that the flame of liberty has been sideration of the bill relating to seamen was resum-rekindled in the provinces of Caracas, and trust in heaven the re ed. A motion was made to strike out the first clause public of Venezuela may yet be established. The patriots are is great force in the neighborhood of St. Martha, from whence 25 of the 8th section, from the beginning of the same had sailed with the flying royalists. to the words "United States," (see page 362) and will st It is understood the report of the joint committee of the legislature negatived, 50 yeas, C9 nays. The question was then prevail inthe house of representatives. No. 25 OF VOL. III.] BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1813. [WHOLE NO. 77. Hæc olim meminisse juvabit.—VIRGIL. Printed and published by H. NILES, South-st. next door to the Merchants' Coffee House, at § 5 per unnum, George Washington, I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, ANNOUNCING inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty, or propriety; and am persuaded whatever partia ity may be retained for my services, that in the present The period for a new election of a citizen to circumstances of our country, you will not disapadminister the executive government of the United prove my determination to retire. HIS INTENTION OF RETIRING FROM PUBLIC SERVICE.* States, being not far distant, and the time actually The impressions with which I first undertook the arrived, when your thoughts must be employed in arduous trust, were explained on the proper occa designating the person who is to be clothed with sion. In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that important trust, it appears to me proper, espe- that I have with good intentions, contributed to cially as it may conduce to a more distinct expres- wards the organization and administration of the sion of the public voice, that I should now apprise government, the best exertions of which a very you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being fallible judgment was capable. Not unconscious, considered among the number of those out of whom in the outset, of the inferiority of my qualifications, a choice is to be made. experience in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the with both. I beg you at the same time to do me the justice eyes of others, has strengthened the motives to to be assured, that the resolution has not been taken diffidence of myself: and every day the increasing without a strict regard to all the considerations weight of years admonishes me more and more, that appertaining to the relation, which binds a dutiful the shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it citizen to his country; and that, in withdrawing will be welcome. Satisfied that if any circumstances the tender of service which silence in my situation have given peculiar value to my services, they were might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of temporary, I have the consolation to believe, that zeal for your future interest; no deficiency of grate-while choice and prudence invite me to quit the ful respect for your past kindness: but am support-political scene, patriotism does not forbid it. ed by a full conviction that the step is compatible In looking forward to the moment, which is intend ed to terminate the career of my public life, my The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep acthe office which your suffrages have twice called knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I me, have been an uniform sacrifice of inclination to owe to my country, for the many honors it has conthe opinion of duty, and to a deference for what ap-ferred upon me; still more for the steadfast confi. peared to be your desire. I constantly hoped, that dence with which it has supported me; and for the it would have been much earlier in my power, con- opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting sistently with motives which I was not at liberty to my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and disregard, to return to that retirement from which persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from inclination to do this, previous to the last election, these services, let it always be remembered to your had even led to the preparation of an address to de- praise, as an instructive example in our annals, that clare it to you; but mature reflection on the then under circumstances in which the passions, agitated perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with in every direction, were liable to mislead, amidst foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of per-appearances sometimes dubious-vicissitudes of for sons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to aban-tune often discouraging-in situations in which not unfrequently want of success has countenanced the don the idea. The precepts of WASHINGTON, in his farewel spirit of criticism-the constancy of your support address to the American people, will always claim was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guaran unqualified attention; but in these times of diffi-tee of the plans by which they were effected. Proculty should be listened to with peculiar reverence.foundly penetrated with this idea, I shall carry it to His sagacity foresaw that our "external and internal my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows enemies" would attempt, to weaken the ligaments that Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of the CONSTITUTION; he beheld, in prospective, of its beneficence, that your union and brotherly the very things that are now passing in our country affection may be perpetual-that the free constitu to excite jealousies, to paralise the hands of the tion, which is the work of your hands, may be sagovernment, and effect the infernal object of a se-credly maintained-that its administration in every veration of the states-and he cautioned us in the department, may be stampt with wisdom and virtue most solemn manner, to "frown indignantly upon --that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these the first dawnings" of such designs. Little did he states, under the auspices of liberty, may be made think that his name would become a cloak for the complete, by so careful a preservation, and so pruvery doctrines he so much abhorred. lent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them The present period is peculiarly happy for the in- he glory of recommending it to the applause, the troduction of this inestimable paper. A season of affection and adoption of every nation which is yet grateful recollection, the anniversary of his birth-stranger to it. day, is at hand (Feb. 22)—and in honor thereof, and Here, perhaps, I ought to stop. But a solicitude as well for the real value of the address, as to shew for your welfare, which cannot end but with my the base hypocricy of too many that pretend to love life, and the apprehension of danger, natural to that his precepts, we now insert it. solicitude, urge me on an occasion like the present, Z VOL. III. to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recom- al navigation, it looks forward to the protection of a mend to your frequent review, some sentiments maritime strength, to which itself is unequally adaptwhich are the result of much reflection, and of no ed. The East, in a like intercourse with the West, inconsiderable observation, and which appear to me already finds, and in the progressive improvement all-important to the permanency of your felicity as of interior communications by land and water, will a people. These will be offered to you with the more and more find a valuable vent for the commodimore freedom, as you can only see in them the dis-ties which it brings from abroad or manufactures at interested warnings of a parting friend, who can home. The West derives from the East supplies possibly have no personal motive to bias his coun- requisite to its growth and comfort-and what is sel. Nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, perhaps of still greater consequence, it must of neyour indulgent reception of my sentiments on a cessity owe the secure enjoyment of indispensible former and not dissimilar occasion. outlets for its own productions to the weight, influInterwoven as is the love of liberty with every ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atligament of your hearts, no recommendation of lantic side of the union, directed by an indissoluble mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attach-community of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West can hold this essential adThe unity of government, which constitutes you strength, or from an apostate and unnatural connecvantage, whether derived from its own separate one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so;|| for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real in-tion with any foreign power, must be intrinsically dependence, the support of your tranquility at precarious. ment. home, your peace abroad; of your safety; of your While then every part of our country thus feels prosperity; of that very liberty which you so highly an immediate and particular interest in union, all prize. But as it is easy to foresee, that from differ- the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united ent causes and different quarters much pains will mass of means and efforts greater strength, greater be taken, many artifices employed to weaken in your resource, proportionably greater security from ex minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the termal danger, a less frequent interruption of their point in your political fortress against which the bat-peace by foreign nations; and what is of inestimatéries of internal and external enemies will be most ble value! they must derive from union an exemp constantly, (though often covertly and insidiously) tion from those broils and wars between themselves, directed, it is of infinite moment that you should which so frequently afflict neighbouring countries, properly estimate the immense value of your nation- not tied together by the same government; which al union to your collective and individual happiness; their own rivalships alone would be sufficient to prothat you should cherish a cordial, habitual and im- duce, but which opposite foreign alliance, attachmoveable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves ments, and intrigues, would stimulate and embitter. to think and speak of it as the Palladium of your Hence likewise they will avoid the necessity of those political safety and prosperity; watching for its pre-overgrown military establishments, which under any servation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing form of government are inauspicious to liberty, and whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frown- republican liberty: In this sense it is, that your ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to alien-unior ought to be considered as a main prop of your ate any portion of our country from the rest, or to liberty, and that the love of the one ought to endear enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the to you the preservation of the other. various parts. These considerations speak a persuasive language For this you have every inducement of sympathy to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit and interest. Citizens by birth or choice, of a com- the continuance of the union as a primary object of mon country, that country has a right to concentrate a patriotic desire. Is there a doubt, whether a com your affections. The name of AMERICAN, which be-mon government can embrace so large a sphere?— longs to you, in your national capacity, must always Let experience solve it. To listen to mere specula exalt the just pride of patriotism, more than any tion in such a case were criminal. We are autho appellation derived from local discrimination. With rised to hope that a proper organization of the whole, slight shades of difference, you have the same reli- with the auxiliary agency of governments for the gion, manners, habits and political principles. You respective subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to have in a common cause fought and triumphed toge- the experiment. 'Tis well worth a fair and full exther; the independence and liberty you possess are periment. With such powerful and obvious motives the work of joint councils, and joint efforts, of com-to union, affecting all parts of our country, while mon dangers, sufferings and successes. experience shall not have demonstrated its imprac But these considerations, however powerfully they tic.bility, there will always be reason to distrust the address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly patriotism of those, who in any quarter may endea outweighed by those which apply more immediately vor to weaker its bands. to your interest. Here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motive for carefully our union, it occu's as matter of serious concert, In contemplating the causes which may disturb guarding and preserving the union of the whole. that any ground should have been furnished for chaThe North, in an unrestrained intercourse with racterising parties by geographical discriminations the South, protected by the cqual laws of a com-Vorbern and Southern—Ítlantic and Western, mon government, finds in the productions of the lat-whence designing men may endeavor to excite a be ter, great additional resources of maritime and com-lief that there is a real difference of local interests mercial enterprize and precious materials of manu- and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire facturing industry. The South, in the same inter-influence, within particular districts, is to misrepre course, benefiting by the agency of the North, sees sent the opinions and aims of other districts. You its agriculture grow and its commerce expand.- cannot shield yourselves too much against the jeaTurning partly into its own channels the seamen of lousies and heart-burnings which spring from these the North, it finds its particular navigation invigo- misrepresentations; they tend to render alien to rated: and while it contributes in diffrent ways to each other those who ought to be bound together t fourish and increase the general mass of the nation- fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our western |