not his country for this unnaturall custome, and would have long since revolted to the Spaniard, but for Kent onely, which he holds in admiration.

11

A new Translation.-A rich old maiden lady, of the injury in their commerce with society." Our corresponwest end of the town, who was notorious for her bad tem- dent is quite right: the evil he complains of is but too per, and for perpetually scolding her servants, having died common, and wants reforming altogether. To see persons about three weeks since, the hatchment was put up against eating, is perhaps not the most gratifying of sights; but her house, under which was the following common motto to hear them at the same time in the manner complained - Requiescat in pace." The cook inquired of the of, is really too much for animals, not exactly bred in a coachman the meaning of these words. Coachee, proud stable or pigstye. Dr. Johnson fed in the way described of this appeal to his scholarship, after pondering over by our correspondent; and we would rather have dined them for a moment, answered, Oh! the motto, in Eng-alone all our lives, than have been condemned to sit at lish, is- Rest quiet, cat, in peace."" table with the learned bear for one twelvemonth. Many, however, who offend in this mode have not even a tithe of the talents of Johnson, to make their company otherwise desirable.

12. A MEER FORMALL MAN is somewhat
more then the shape of a man, for he hath
his length, breadth, and colour. When you
have seen his out-side, you have lookt thorow
Malherbe, speaking one day of the wickedness of man-
kind, said, Why, when there were only three or four
him, and need imploy your discovery no far-persons in the world one of them killed his brother!"
ther. His reason is meerely example, and
his action is not guided by his understanding,
but he sees other men do thus and he follows
them. He is a Negative, for we cannot call
him a wise man, but not a foole; nor an

The following is from the Jamaica Courant: "Wanted,
for the Triflr's office, an industrious compositor. Libe-
be encouraged."
ral wages will be given. An honest sober devil will also

No fewer than 8000 Russians were massacred in 1720.
on occasion of the order of Peter I. that people should
closure, where numbers of blocks, &c. had been previously
shave their beards, They were conducted into a vast in-
arranged, when Peter himself, with the axe in his hand,

Correspondence.

TO THE EDITOR.

EX honest man, but not a knave; nor a Protestant, but not a Papist. The chief burden of his braine is the carriage of his body, and gave the example to the executioners how they should chop Mount gardens, I noticed a young servant maid repeatedly

སྒྱུ

off the heads of the victims.

distance.

SIR,-Your pleasing miscellany frequently admits of notices, which tend to expose or hold up to public attenpresent instance, you will not refuse a corner to the followtion any highly culpable inhumanity; perhaps in the ing circumstance. Walking the other evening in the beat and abuse a fine little infant, apparently but a few months old; the slaps or blows bestowed upon the child were very heavy, so as to be heard distinctly at some What the offence of this poor innocent had been, it would be hard to determine, it evidently belonged sent abroad for the benefit of fresh air, under the care of to some respectable family, and had been most probably its inhuman nurse, who had taken occasion thus to vent her ill-conceived and ill-directed passion upon her infantine and helpless charge. Instances similar to the above have frequently been noticed by casual passengers; and as expostulation with such wretches only calls forth torrents of abuse, it behoves every parent to be particularly

the setting of his face in a good frame: which Singular manner of choosing a King. The people of he performes the better, because he is not Bearn, an ancient province of the Pyrenees, in the year disjoynted with other Meditations. His Re-last monarch, sent a deputation to his sister, to ask for one 1173, desirous of having a sovereign of the blood of their igion is a good quiet subject, and he prayes of her twin children. The request being granted, the deshe sweares, in the Phrase of the Land. both slept. One had his hands closed, the other had his puties had their choice. The infants, at the moment, le is a faire guest, and a faire inviter, and open. The deputies imagined they saw, in the latter attitude, an indication of a noble and generous character. an excuse his good cheere in the accustomed They immediately chose him; and this monarch, in his Apologie. He hath some facultie in mangafter age, acquired the title of Gaston, the Good. eng of a Rabbet, and the distribution of his Curious Entries of the Names of Customers in a Bankrupt's Book. The insolvent was recently a grocer in a mrsell to a neighbour trencher. He appre- neighbouring city:"Woman on the Key-Jew Woman nds a jest by seeing men smile, and laughs Coal Woman-Old Coal Woman-Fat Coal Woman-cautious as to what description of persons they commit Market Woman-Pale Woman-A Man-Old Woman their children; especially, since very many individuals Serly himselfe, when it comes to his turne.Little Milk Girl-Candle Man-Stable Man-Coach have been rendered miserable, or unhealthy for life, by is businesses with his friends are to visit man-Big Woman-Lame Woman-Quiet Woman- the incautious, or improper treatment of bad or unfeeling

em, and whilst the businesse is no more, he a performe this well enough. His disrse is the newes that he hath gathered in walk, and for other matters his discretion that he will onely what he can, that is, henothing. His life is like one that runs dhe Church-walke, to take a turn or two, passes. He hath staid in the world lla number, and when he is gone, there one and there's an end.

ttle to b

Chit Chat.

Er is derived from senior, age, formerly, giving
tle to rank and precedence; hence also senate
bly of old men or a council of elders.
Borel, in his Glossary, says, that the term
was anciently applied to the King's eldest son;
ce the valet, or knave, follows the King and
a pack of cards.

mes-In an ancient statute of Edward III, there action taken the simple-homme and the gentil[which has led the ingenious Mr. Barrington to e, that the simple-homme, is John or Thomas, no surname; and in contradiction, he who hath e or family name (from the word gens, which significs family) is styled gentil-homme. Sure of no great antiquity in this country, the sons formerly distinguished by their Christian names that of their father, as Thomas, the son of WilGeorge, the son of John. Hence, Williamson, Many of the common people in Wales surnames to this day.

el fell in love with the daughter of a potter, and, her affection, condescended to paint her father's Sir Joshua Reynolds first showed his genius by the gallipots of the apothecary to whom he was

Egg Man-Littel Black Girl-Old Watchman-Shoe-
maker-Littel Shoemaker-Short Shoemaker-Old Shoe-
maker-Littel Girl-Jew Man-Jew Woman-Mrs. in
the Cart-Old Irish Woman-Woman in Corn-street-A
Lad-Man in the Country-Long Sal-Woman with
Long Sal-Mrs. Irish Woman-Mrs. Feather Bonnett
ches Big Britches-The Woman that was Married-
The Woman that told me of the Man."-Bristol Journal.

Blue Bonnett-Green Bonnett-Green Coat-Blue Brit

calling himself Dr. Sibley, and belonging to a tribe who
Execution of an Indian Murderer.-A Choctaw Indian,
resided in the neighbourhood of Red River, while in a
who immediately expired. After the murder, a brother of
state of intoxication, stabbed another Indian to the heart,
the deceased Indian came to Sibley, and told him he must
have revenge for the death of his brother, by taking his
(Sibley's) life. To this proposal Sibley readily assented,
and proposed that his death should take place on the fol-
lowing day. In the mean time, Sibley was kept under no
restraint whatever, but was permitted his freedom as usual.
When the morning arrived on which he was to suffer death,
Sibley went out with the rest of the party, and aided in
digging a grave for the deceased Indian, observing to the
party that he thought it large enough for both of them to
lie in, and signified a wish to be buried in the same grave.
This not being objected to, he placed himself in a standing
position over the grave, with his arms stretched out, and
gave the signal to fire, when the brother of the deceased
Indian discharged the contents of a rifle through his heart.
He dropped into the grave and instantly expired.-Amer.
paper.

that there is a mode of feeding, even amongst otherwise Mode of Feeding-A correspondent begs us to hint, decent people, which is exceedingly annoying to persons of any delicacy:"-He alludes to the practice which too many persons have of "making a clattering with their knives and forks, striking their teeth when they put their food into their mouths, chewing with a noise, smacking their lips drawing in their liquids with a bubbling sound, and eating with rapidity."" These things (observes our correspondent) may seem of little importance to some; but they are very far from being so, for they not only indicate coarse feelings on the part of the offenders, but tend greatly to make their company very distasteful to persons of refinement, and must therefore operate greatly to their

Lang's long explanation on this subject, and equally SIR, I am much obliged for your insertion of Mr. obliged to him for the trouble he has taken in the elucidation of our dispute. At the close of his letter he says, "If I be still dissatisfied, &c." Far from it, Sir, I am quite satisfied; for the meaning of the one blank (—) he has explained in the correct manner in which yourself and Mr. Kaye did, and with respect to the two blanks (——) he says (and which I perfectly agree with) "I am equally surprised they should be so put, and that they should by any one be called 12 o'clock, one of which must of course mean "no high water," and the other might be "twelve o'clock," &c.; and further on he says (still alluding to the two blanks)" and which to me are quite unintelligible.”

So that the conclusion is this, that one blank is correctly the two blanks are very incorrectly placed (and that's all I placed, because it denotes the transit of the tide, and that have been contending for;) because admitting the first denotes 12 o'clock, it ought to be explained in Mr. Lang's way (by either "noon" in the morning column, or "midnight" in the evening column;) and then the second blank, which in such case would only be one blank, would denote the transit, as it does in its usual occurrence, say every 14 or 15 days.

Hoping this will be the last time I shall have occasion to trespass on your kindness on this subject, I remain yours, &C. MARIS ESTUS.

THE SCOTCH NOT CANNIBALS.

TO THE EDITOR.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-If those disputants who have lately engaged your attention relative to the correct mode of pronouncing the word catch, had had recourse to the seventeenth edition SIR,-In the last number of the Kaleidoscope, I ob- of Walker's Dictionary (which I presume to be the latest) served some notice of a supposed epicurism of the Attocotti, it would have prevented a correspondence very uninterestwhich has no foundation besides a ludicrous misinterpre-ing to your readers and tiresome to yourself. On reference to the above edition, there is the following remark, under tation of a passage in St. Jerome by our celebrated Gib- the word catch:-"This word is almost universally probon. It is true that the father of the church charges the nounced in the capital like the noun ketch; but this deAttocotti with cannibalism; but the historian forgot that viation from the true sound of a is only tolerable in collopastorum nates" is good Latin for fat hams, or juicy quial pronunciation, and ought, by correct speakers, to be legs of mutton, as well as for "brawney part of shepherd's S. M. that it is otherwise in the note upon that word (89) avoided even in that." I, however, perfectly agree with The passage is curious :-"Cum felo sylvas par- where catch is pronounced ketch, as a "corrupt but a corum greges et armentorum pecudumque reperiant, pas- received pronunciation;" meaning, generally adopted. torum nates et fæmi narum papillas solere abscindere et It does not, however, mean that it is correct, according to has'solas ciborum delicías arbitrari." Mr. W.'s opinion, or where would be the necessity of his mark is intended to supersede his note! further noticing the subject. It is not plain that his reI hope this will be satisfactory to both your correspondents.-Yours,

Gibbon, with this passage before him, has fallen into the error just mentioned, as the following extract will show:-"When they hunted the woods for prey, it is said that they attacked the shepherd rather than his flock;

and that they curiously selected the most delicate and brawney parts both of males and females, which they pre pared for their horrid repasts."-When such a scholar stumbles, we need not be surprised at the slips of more hasty and ordinary writers.

MISS M. TREE.

TO THE EDITOR.

T.

SIR,-I experienced a most rich delight on Friday evening last (in conjunction, I hope, with many hundreds more) from the exertions of that most bewitching actress Miss M. Tree. The piece which formed the amusement of the evening," Clari, the Maid of Milan," has no intrinsic value in itself. The plot is poor, and the language tame; yet I will venture to assert, that there was not an individual in the house who was not most truly gratified. He, whose heart throbbed not with the tenderest emotions of pleasure at hearing her warble forth that simple ditty, Home, sweet home;" or in whom mingled feelings of grief, pleasure, and pity were not awakened by witnessing her inimitable acting at the interview between Clari and her father, is devoid of all the fine feelings of nature, and scarcely worthy the name of man-for what man, what young man, can, unaffected, behold a lovely woman in tears? And

"He who has no music in his soul,

Is ripe for murder, treason, and revolt." In her are united the simplicity with the voice of a Stephens, the tenderness and sensibility of an O'Neill, and the shape and countenance of the most beautiful descriptions of Venus.

far

R.

DANCING.-ACADEMY FOR GROWN PER-
ZES, COUNTRY DANCES, and every other national Dance,
SONS, for the most fashionable QUADRILLES, WALT-
No. 1, Bold-place, Berry-street.
THE PROFESSOR who conducts this Academy begs to
announce to his Friends and the Public, that his Evening
Academy will re-open so early as the second week in Septem-
ber (at the request of many Ladies and Gentlemen who are de-
sirous of some practice before the Festival.) And he requests
that those who wish to choose their evening and their party
will make early application. Ladies and Gentlemen who are
unacquainted with Dancing, he recommends to commence
with private lessons immediately, previous to joining the

Sets.

The Academy will close the last week in April; and a con-
sideration will be made in the terms to those who engage
for the whole season. Private Lessons at any hour in the day.
and Flute taught. Families and Schools attended.
Children's Academy as usual: no entrance charged. The Violín
No. 1, Bold-place, Berry-street.

ASTRONOMICAL LECTURES, MUSIC-HALL,
LIVERPOOL

MR. GOODACRE very respectfully informs the
Ladies and Gentlemen of Liverpool, and especially the
Parents, Guardians, and Superintendents of Young People,
that he purposes to deliver a COURSE of five LECTURES on
ASTRONOMY, and an Introductory Lecture, in the MUSIC-
HALL, BOLD-STREET, on the Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and
Fridays, in the next two Weeks.

TERMS:-Tickets for the whole Course (transferrable, and
an Introductory Ticket gratis) in the Saloon or surrounding
In the Gallery, 9s. To each Lecture,
elevated Seats, 15s.
under fourteen years of age, in the Saloon, for the whole
Saloon, 3s. 6d. Gallery, 2s. Young Ladies and Gentlemen,
Course, 10s. 6d. Each Lecture, 2s. 6d. In the Gallery, no
deduction.

Doors open at Half-past Six o'clock; the Lectures begin at
Seven, and end between Nine and Half-past Nine o'clock.
Since the Lecturer's visit to Liverpool in April last, he has
made several alterations in his Lectures and Apparatus, and
has added an entirely original Instrument, for showing the
cause of the various Climates on the Earth's surface, of per-
Phænomena of Polar Moonlight.

work, from which I now transcribe a few choice mors for the amusement and instruction of your numer readers.-Your well-wisher, GOURMAND

[From "The Family Oracle of Health."] At Vienna it is the custom to sit down to dinner at n and finish the sitting at half-past ten at night, the din continuing from three to four hours, every thing be managed slowly, with true German patience. When process of eating is over, and the dishes removed, t who choose take a turn in the open air, to joyment, to which they soon return, another course themselves, and stimulate their apetites to a fresh delicacies being served up to employ the time till sup At eight, four or five hours after dinner, supper is brou in, and two hours and a half are usually employed in galing on the pleasures of this social meal. This slowest though we pronounce it to be highly scientific, the summit of refinement in the art of gratifying the appe would not be endured by Englishmen, who are in

respect quite barbarous and uncivilized, compared that it would quite desolate a Frenchman, who us the slow-eating German. M. Reynier de Grimrod despatches the most exquisite dishes with heedless vora Yet will your true German gourmand not perhaps so much as an Englishman or a Frenchman, and certa not so much as a Scotsman, set down to finish hi quarts of hodge-podge and his four pounds of hagg fifteen minutes, as if he were matched against time fast eater will consume a fourth more at a meal slow eater, and the German shows the good sense o nation by keeping to the maxim that

"The first digestion is made by the teeth." All genuine gourmands eat slowly, from the ex ence that fast eating soon destroys the stomach and b on a premature old age.

To Correspondents.

POLITE LITERATURE. The essay of Homo, on this sub reserved for our next publication.

VARIATION OF THE MAGNET.

To the Editor.-I shall feel much obliged to any of y merous readers, by informing me what the pre riation of the magnetic pole is west of the true no Denbigh, August 12, 1823.

The variation of Liverpool is laid down in the ch Lieutenant Evans, at 26 degrees west.-Edit. Kel The Young Oxonian's letter, although rather of s than public nature, shall be given in our next, creditable specimen of generosity and munificenes THE SPIDER.-We have to apologise to Nworb for the letter has experienced. It has just caught our eye the detenues, in our portfolio of reserve, from which be released next week, with some slight omission prefatory reply to an anonymous correspondent, intended to be very severe upon Nword's first com tion.

Alcander is reserved for the next Kaleidoscope.

FOREST MINSTRELSY.-We shall briefly notice this little volume in our next. In the mean time, if a the writer will convey to us the opinions of the r to whom he alludes, their testimony, in addition own, will promote the object he has in view.

lish his lines, or assign our reasons.

It is too frequently the case with those professing them. selves singers, to despise becoming actors. They seem to think it would be derogatory to their respectability to appear to understand, or, at all events, to feel what they profess to represent. This, however, is so far from being applicable to Miss Tree, that though it is principally to her vocal talents that she is indebted for fame, her performance in Clari alone entitles her to rank first among the tragedians upon the present stage, and not very below Siddons and O'Neill.-In the opinion of critics, this will perhaps be considered an uncandid eulogium. But I would not for the world become a critic: I am sure they lose many of the greatest enjoyments of life; theypetual Sunshine in the Polar Regions, and the peculiar If Commercius will grant us another week, we will ei go every where with the wish of discovering imperfections. I. on the contrary, go every where with a desire to be pleased, and consequently, if possible, look only to that which is pleasing. In the present instance, I have not overrated, but have not done justice to the talents of Miss Tree. It is, however, the effusion of an honest heart, and of one who feels bound by the ties of gratitude to pay this simple tribute of respect for many hours of most exquisite pleasure. I do not flatter myself that it will give amusement to many of your readers, unless it should be to criticise the composition; but should it meet the sight of her for whom it is intended, and should it give a momentary reward for her labours, my end is obtained.--As I am shortly to leave my native country, I shall probably never again have the pleasure of seeing her; you will therefore, Sir, by an early insertion of this in the Kaleidoscope, confer a kindness never to be forgotten upon-Yours, &c. T. V.

Tickets are on Sale by the Booksellers, and the Lecturer, who will be happy to see his Friends any day between the hours of Twelve and Four o'clock, after Monday next, the SOL FA.-We shall show the work on this subje 18th instant, at his private Apartments, 54, Bold-street, Liverpool.

The Housewife.

ON EATING SCIENTIFICALLY.

TO THE EDITOR.
useful department of the Kaleidoscope, which is peculiarly
SIR,-You have often given us choice recipes, in this
to my taste. What think you of teaching people how to
eat scientifically, and reducing the culinary art to a philc-
sophical system? This appears to be the object of a new

which we have been favoured, to A Friend who un more of the subject than we do.

We have this instant been favoured with the comm of P.

Letters or parcels not received, unless free of cha Printed, published, and sold, EVERY TUESDA

SMITH and Co. 75, Lord-street, Liverpo Sold also by J. Bywater and Co. Pool-lane; Evans, and Hall, Castle-st.; T.Smith, Paradise-st.; T.V Public Library, Lime-st.; E. Willan, Bold-st Smith, Tea-dealer and Stationer, Richmond Gamage, 11, Clarence-street; and J. Lowthia ry, 119, St. James-st.; for ready money only.

OR,

Literary and Scientific Mirror.

Dublin-Leet and De Jon

"UTILE DULCI."

This familiar Miscellany, from which religious and political matters are excluded, contains a variety of original and selected Articles; comprehending Literature, Criticism, Men and Manners
Amusement, Elegant Extracts, Poetry, Anecdotes, Biography, Meteorology, the Drama, Arts and Sciences, Wit and Satire, Fashions, Natural History, &c. &c. forming a handsome Annual
Volume, with an Index and Title-page.-Its circulation renders it a most eligible medium for Literary and Scientific Advertisements.-Regular supplies are forwarded weekly to the Agents, viz.
LONDON Sherwood & Burnley T. Sutcliffe ;
C. Boksers; E. Marl- Burslem-S. Brougham;
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Blackbarn-T Rogerson; Congleton-J. Parsons;
Bradford J. Stanfield; Doncaster-C. & J. White;

No. 165.-NEW SERIES.

Men and Manners.

DISINTERESTED GENEROSITY.

Lancaster-G. Bentham;
Lane End-J. Palmer;
Leeds-H. Spink;
Lichfield-Lomax;

Kenda-M.&R.Branthwaite;
court, Gen. Post-office; Knutsford-P. Stubbs;
and the Booksellers.
Ellesmere-W. Baugh;
Glasgow-Robertson & Co.;
Greenock-W. Scott;
Halifax-R. Simpson;
Hanley-T. Allbut;
Huddersfield-T. Smart;
Hull-J. Perkins;

When we acknowledged the following communication, we observed, that, although it was rather of a private than a public nature, we should have great satisfaction in recording a circumstance so creditable to the disinterestedness and benevolence of the Young Oxonian's patron. Such in example may stimulate others to appropriate a portion their superfluous wealth to the promotion of the happiness and welfare of humble and deserving individuals. Our correspondent, as we discover by the identity of the manuscript, is the writer of a pleasing allegory on horsewing, which appeared in a recent number of the Kalei

ope, and which evinced that amiable feeling towards edamb creation, which, we lament to say, is not more eral. We shall be happy to hear further from the rateful Ozonies at his leisure. Edit. Kal.

TO THE EDITOR.

Preston-P. Whittle;
Mottram-R. Wagstaff;
I. Wilcockson;
Nantwich-E. Jones;
Newcastle-under-Lyme-J.Mort; Rochdale-J. Hartley;
Newcastle-u.-Tyne-S. Humble; Runcorn-Miss Rigby;
Northwich-J. Kent;
Sheffield-T. Orton;
Shrewsbury-C. Hulbert;
Nottingham-C. Sutton;
Southport-W. Garside;
Stoke R C. Tomkinson;
St. Helen's-I. Sharp;
Stockport-J. Dawson;

Manchester-Richardson and Ormskirk-W. Garside;
Silburn; J. Fletcher; T. Oswestry-Price; Edwards;
Sowler:
Penrith-J. Shaw;
Prescot-A.Ducker;

Macclesfield-P. Hall;

TUESDAY, AUGUST 26, 1823.

not tell; but, judging from the distance she kept, and
from the continual sternness of her aspect, it did not
appear probable she would ever be favourably disposed
towards him. Not that he murmured at the dispensations
of Providence, but, on the contrary, he could heartily
subscribe to the noble sentiment advanced by the Roman
poet when upbraided with the obscurity of his origin :-
For would nature permit me," said he, "to live over
again my past life, from a certain number of years, and
leave me and every one to select whatever parents our
pride inclined us to; contented with my own, I would
not desire to choose them from ameng consuls and
senators."

Thus situated, and not knowing how to act, he made
application at different times to several individuals who

had been cradled in the lap of wealth, on whom the fickle goddess had lavished her bounty without measure, and whom she seemed to consider her lawfully-begotten sons; while he, on the contrary, appeared to be condemned to perpetual poverty, cut off from all hereditary claims, and branded with the degrading epithet of illegitimate. This St-An account of the following generous deed, which mode of conduct was extremely painful to his feelings, of recent eccurrence, is transmitted to you on the sup- since he could not but look upon it as nearly allied to mition that it will be found to possess some degree of meanness: but he was induced to adopt it in consideration blic interest, and that it will not be misplaced under that, from persons placed in such favourable circumhead of " Men and Manners" in your interesting and stances, the greatest probability of success might natupectable publication. rally be expected. The result was, he was treated with There is a young man, who has resided some years in fair words and good wishes, but nothing more. Not that academy, in the vicinity of, as classical assist- he attaches any thing resembling obloquy or reproach to He was educated at the grammar-school of a small the parties alluded to; an insinuation even of that nature wn in Yorkshire, and engaged in the abovementioned would be insolent and unbecoming in the extreme, bepation in his seventeenth year. A short time after cause where there exists no obligation, reason does not ing school, his emulation was roused by the extra-warrant the expectation of a favour; at the same time ery application of a colleague, and, in consequence, it is but right to observe that the generous individual who resolved upon devoting himself to the study of the her classics. He carried his resolution into effect; from that time, has persevered in an uninterrupted e of reading. Not a little to his surprise, some of Facet intimate friends have occasionally flattered him intimating something to this effect:-that the spirit gendas, in her aberrations over the commonly dark and ry plain of human intellect, had lighted up a sickly Over the portion claimed by him. This, however, peremptorily disclaims. Perhaps it may not be imto state, as being unquestionably of the first im, that, in the mean time, he was affected under ful ministry of the Gospel, and trusts that he was made acquainted with experimental religion. equently felt a strong desire to prosecute his stuone of our universities, and eventually to enter Te important duties of a minister in the Established But, alas! Sir, here arose a difficulty, appahaurmountable. It happened that having been the humbler walks of life, and his father having herous family, he was deprived of the means. The of mammon had never honoured hin with a us senile, and, whether it was from his contempt of hand worldly grandeur, or from destiny, he could

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Wakefield-R. Hurst;
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Whitchurch-R. Parker;
Wigan-Lyon and Co.;

J. Brown;
Wrexham J. Painter;
York-W.Alexander.

VOL. IV.-PRICE 3d.

manual labour; and what renders the generous deed still more remarkable, is, that he came forward unasked, and assured the young man's father, that, if requisite, he would advance the whole amount that would be required for his son's education at college, even if he should have no prospect of ever receiving a farthing of it again!

May the blessings of heaven descend upon his head like "the dew of Hermon;" may he be blessed in his body, and in his soul; may he be blessed at home and abroad; may the demon of discord be for ever excluded from his dwelling by the angel of peace; may he be a stranger to pain and sickness; may his passage through the ocean of human life be free from storms; and, "when his warm into a clod of the valley," may his noble soul be found pure heart, with all its generous and open vessels, is compressed and spotless as unsunned snow, and conveyed by celestial messengers into the third heaven, there to enjoy all the pleasures that paradise itself can give, long as eternal ages roll!-Such, Sir, is the sincere and heart-felt prayer of

A GRATEFUL OXONIAN.

Natural History.

ENTOMOLOGY DEFENDED FROM THE CHARGE OF

CRUELTY.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR, Those amusing and interesting entomologists, Messrs. Kirby and Spence, have made some very excellent remarks upon that insensibility to corporal suffering which insects in general manifest, nor can it be denied that in a great measure their observations are exceedingly just; and moreover that the lower we decend in the great

chain of being," as far as animal life is concerned, the greater will be found that insensibility to pain which our authors comment upon. If the following extract meet your approbation it is perfectly at your disposal, being very well suited for the pages of the Kaleidoscope.

I remain, your occasional correspondent,

U. O. R.

has afforded him the means of attaining the summit of his
wishes, and on whose account exclusively the affair is
made public, has never been laid under any obligation
whatever, either to the young man himself, his family, or
connexions. Your curiosity, Mr. Editor, will now be ex-
cited, and you will be eager to inquire in what corner of
the world such a benefactor resides, what is his employ-
ment or profession in life, and what are his mental ac- "It is well known, that, in proportion as we descend in
quirements; and had I an opportunity of addressing you the scale of being, the sensibility of the objects that con-
orally, you would probably ask, "Does he rank among its head; and the polypus, so far from being injured by
stitute it diminishes. The tortoise walks about after losing
the learned professions ?" The answer would be, 66 No,
Sir."" Then," you would say, "I presume he is a of existence. Insensibility almost equally great may be
the application of the knife, thereby acquires an extension
man of a studious turn of mind, who has retired from found in the insect world. This, indeed, might be infer-
business, and devoted the remainder of his days to the red à priori, since Providence seems to have been more
exercises of religion, and to literary attainments." "No, prodigal of insect life than of that of any other order of
Sir." "Why then," you would say again," he must be is exposed to the attack of so many enemies, or subject to
creatures, animalcula excepted. No part of the creation
a kind-hearted old gentleman, possessed of immense so many disasters."-After some further remarks, our
wealth, without heir, and moreover a high churchman." authors proceeds thus: "But this inference is reduced to
The answer is still the same. To relieve your anxiety, Icertainty, when we attend to the facts which insects every
will tell you at once: he is, Sir (however incredible the day present to us, proving that the very converse of our
assertion may appear) an unlettered rustic, born and great poet's conclusion,
brought up on the border of an extensive moor on one of
the wild and barren hills in the west riding of Yorkshire,
who has actually been accustomed from his infancy to must be regarded as nearer the truth. Not to mention

The poor beetle that we tread upon In corporal sufferance, finds a pang as great As when a giant dies.'

T. S. NWORB

the peculiar organization of insects, which strongly favours (cymex griseus) behaves with an extraordinary degree of pose that the bee is alive and kicking, and allowing him the idea I am inculcating, but which will be considered attention to her young offspring; and she has been fre- self to be hauled up the wall like an inanimate bag more properly in another place, their sang froid upon the quently observed in the act of conducting a numerous cotton. So! the " loss of their limbs, even those that we account most ne- brood of forty or fifty in number, with all the maternal Could it be made thicker and stronger than the ma rope was made thick and strong cessary to life, irrefragably proves that the pain they suffer cannot be very acute. Had a giant lost an arm or a leg, fondness of a domestic hen. The common earwig (forfi- rials which nature produces would allow? To effect th or were a sword or spear run through his body, he would cula giganteà) according to De Geer, sits upon her eggs, the animal must have passed to and from the wall to t feel no great inclination for running about, dancing, or eating. Yet a tipula will leave half its legs in the hands as if to hatch them; when the young make their appear-object to be taken many times, and in the end the mez of an unlucky boy who has endeavoured to catch it, and ance, they still cling to the parent, who displays the of hoisting up would appear more like the strings of will fly here and there with as much agility and unconcern greatest solicitude in their behalf; they frequently take fiddle than a rope " thick and strong." If a spider co as if nothing had happened to it; and an insect impaled shelter under her, and appear to push between her legs at its will produce any thickness of a rope, why pass upon a pin will often devour its prey with as much avidity like common chickens under a hen: the carwig has been often to and from the angles of a wall to erect the scaffo as when at liberty. Were a giant eviscerated, his body seen to sit thus for the space of two hours or upwards. ing of his fortress, when fewer and thicker ropes wou divided in the middle, or his head cut off, it would be all over with him; he would move no more; he would be Huber informs us, that the female ant, who is furnished by answer. Indeed the caution which he shows in cleani dead to the calls of hunger, or the emotions of fear, anger, nature with ample wings, voluntarily rids herself of them his net-work shows how slender it is, and how sensible or love. Not so our insects. I have seen the common cock- as soon as she becomes a mother, in order that her maternal is of it, by striking the net with his claws in a ge chafer walk about with apparent indifference after some duties may be more effectually attended to; of this singular manner, as a person would a carpet with a stick, so a bird had nearly emptied its body of its viscera; a humble-fact he assures us that he has often been an eye-witness. He knock the dust off.-Yours, &c. bee will eat honey with greediness though deprived of its abdomen; and I myself lately saw an ant, which had been has seen a female ant stretch, cross, and bite her "gauzy Manchester, July 6, 1823. brought out of the nest by its comrades, walk when deprived pinions" with the most determined resolution, until they of its head. The head of a wasp will attempt to bite after it all four dropped at once from her body.|| This, if correct, is separated from the rest of the body; and the abdomen, is perhaps one of the most singular facts in the whole under similar circumstances, if the hand be moved to it, science of entomology. What an example does this prewill attempt to sting. And what is more extraordinary, the headless trunk of a male manlis has been known to unite sent to our fair damsels just entering the bonds of matriitself to the other sex." . These facts, out of a hundred mony! In fact, it has been inquired whether we may not that might be adduced, are surely sufficient to prove that make a slight alteration in the celebrated exclamation of insects do not experience the same acute sensations of pain Solomon, in order to make it a little more apropos: "Go with the higher orders of animals, which Providence has endowed with more ample means of avoiding them; and to the ant, ye mothers; consider her ways, and be wise!” since they were to be exposed so universally to attack and injury, this is a most merciful provision in their favour; for were it otherwise, considering the wounds and dismem. herments, and lingering deaths that insects often suffer, what a vast increase would there be of the general sum of pain and misery! You will now, I think, allow that the most humane person need not hesitate a moment, whether he shall devote himself to the study of entomology, on account of any cruelty attached to the pursuit."t

It might be questioned, whether (in very many cases) insects do not display a certain agitation upon being wounded or maimed, sufficient to warrant the supposition

not acute.

that they are endowed with a sense of feeling, strong if Few there are who have not, at times, been witnesses to the convulsive writhings of earth worms, when cut by a spade or otherwise wounded. Certain species of caterpillars, likewise, manifest no small degree of the same irritability on being attacked or injured; nor can we deny that the common cockchafer may experience some degree of suffering, when impaled upon a pin, and whirled about until spent by exhaustion and fatigue. Such unfortu nates must possess a kind of sensibility, with which we are utterly unacquainted; at all events, young minds should be restricted, with the utmost caution, from exercising their ingenuity even upon these insensible objects, since, like the wretch depicted in Hogarth's "Progress of Cruelty," their cruel propensities may "grow with their growth, and strengthen with their strength;" and the being who began by twirling a beetle, may end with cutting a throat. Still, on the other hand, we have but little occasion to emulate the ultra-pious banians, described so ably by Mr. Forbes in his "Oriental Memoirs." These over liberal, or rather superstitious people, support, feed, and prescribe for almost every species of animal, from the elephant down to the flea. Our narrator thus describes the hospital at Surat, which seems to be an institution so unique in its kind, that it deserves some attention.

| Huber, 93.

THE SPIDER.

In the Kaleidoscope of the 1st July, an interesting letter on this subject appeared, upon certain parts of which one of our correspondents made some rather testy remarks. To these animadversions our original correspondent replied with some warmth in the letter which we have repeatedly postponed. We trust he will see the propriety of omitting the passages, which, as they are purely per sonal, can interest few, and instruct none.

TO THE Editor.

"All animals alike, and all o'er the world besides."

SIR,-It appears by the best observations that spiders
have five teats, and that every cord or thread is five-fold,
in consequence of the glutinous matter of which the
threads are made, all presenting itself at the same mo-
ment that the animal draws its claw away from the re-
servoir. It may more readily be understood on supposing
a machine for drawing wire, the feeding or generative

part having five apertures in it, and, owing to the bird-
lime nature of the glutin, the moment that the first part
is drawn, the whole falls into one line, and is thus formed
five-fold I will ask how is it possible that a bee, who
was exhausted only a little, could be held by cords so few,
and so slender, as those described by Smellfungus? (for
such I shall call this hypercritic.) One moment's attention
will clear up the possibility of the spider being able to
draw up the bee by any rope in the power of the animal.
I believe a full-grown bee would weigh about the fourth
of a scruple; that is to say, five grains. Now, let any
one take the cord of a spider, and attach to it a common-

"At my visit, the hospital contained horses, mules,
goats, monkeys, poultry, pigeons, and a variety of birds.
The most extraordinary ward was that appropriated to
rats, mice, bugs, and other noxious vermin. The over-sized wafer, which will in general weigh one grain, and
seers of the hospital frequently hire beggars from the
streets, for a stipulated sum, to pass a night among the
smaller vermin, on the express condition of suffering them
to enjoy their feast without molestation."

he will find that no two, three, or four of such cords would hold it. Again, it would be impossible for a bee to alight on the web of a spider without immediately destroying it. The leverage of the wings of a bee, when This is humanity with a vengeance. Although our en- in action, must describe at least the portion of a circle tomologists represent insects as strangers to bodily suffer-equal to three-fourths of an inch. This put in action for ing, yet they seem to gift some particular species with a a few seconds would break all the lines of the fortificavery strong affection for their young. The field-bug tions. Your correspondent has not even the sagacity to

• Dr. Smith's Tour, i. 102.

Kirby and Spence's Ent. p. 67, vol 1.

kill the bee for us, as in that case he would have less
difficulty to contend with, but leaves his readers to sup-

The Bouquet.

"I have here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and b brought nothing of my own but the thread that ties them'

ΜΟΝΤΑΙΑΝ

EPITAPH ON HUGH LUPAS.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-Some years since, when passing through city, I was necessarily detained a few hours at one of principal inns, when a traveller very obligingly of ine the use of a very copious history of the place. epitaph on one of its ancient earls having taken myfa as being something out of the common way, I wai duced to copy it; and as it may be interesting to 50 your readers, I beg leave to enclose a copy, to do wa as to your editorial wisdom may seem meet.-Yours, Chester, August 16.

66

Hugh Lupas, Earle of Chester (which takes its from the year 73) was very much given to his whereby in time he became so fat he could scarce and was called by the Welch, Hugh Vrâs. He t monk a few days before his death, for the salvation soul, and died the 17th day of July, 1102, and was b in the church-yard, with the following epitaph:

"Although my corpse it lies in grave
And that my flesh consumed be,
My picture here now that you have,
An Earle sometime of this city.
Hugh Lupe my name,

Son to the Duke of Brittayne,
Of chivalrye then being flower,
And Sisters Son to William the Conquerour,
To the Honor of God I did edifye
The foundation of this Monastery.
The ninth year of this my foundation
God changed my life to his Heavenly mansion,
In the year of our Lord then being so,
A thousand one Hundred and two,
I changed this life verily
The xvii daie of July."

AN ABSENT MAN.

"Menalcas (says La Bruyere) comes down in ing, opens his door to go out, but shuts it again, he perceives that he has his night-cap on; and amining himself further, finds that he is but hal that he has stuck his sword on the right side. stockings are about his heels, and that his shir his breeches. As he walks the street, he r violent blow in the face, he cannot conceive proceeds, till opening his eyes he finds himself

with cries of All's ruined, all's lost,' then asks for the

the shaft of a cart, or a porter's load. He looks about, be grows warm, he raves, calls all his servants together gloves which are on his hands. He walks out; after traversing one street, he looses his way, he is terrified, he from inquires of the passengers where he is; they tell him precisely; at length he enters his own house, whence he mmediately rushes out with the greatest precipitation, imagining that he has been deceived. He goes to visit lady, and being perfectly convinced that he is in his own house, he plants himself in his arm-chair, without a thought of leaving it: he begins to think that the lady makes long visits, he expects every moment that she will rise and leave him to himself; but as the time grows late, and he finds himself hungry, he asks her to supper: she bursts out into a fit of laughter, and loud enough to wake

.

i

a

him. He marries in the morning, in the evening he for

gets it, and sleeps abroad on his wedding night. Some

amends for this fault by abusing the Preacher. | and the punishment familiar. And commonly
His main policy is to shift off the Communion, a hard thought passes on all that come from
for which he is never unfurnisht of a quarrel, this schoole: which though it teach much
and will be sure to be out of Charity at wisdome, it is too late, and with danger: and
Easter, and indeed he lies not, for he hath a it is better be a foole, then come here to learn
quarrell to the Sacrament. He would make it.
a bad Martyr, and a good traveller, for his
conscience is so large, he could never wander
out of it, and in Constantinople would be
circumcised with a reservation. His wife is
more zealous, and therefore more costly, and
he bates her in tyres what she stands him in
Religion. But we leave him hatching plots
against the State, and expecting Spinola.

The Housewife.

CHILDREN'S FOOD.

A lady of Yorkshire observes in a letter, dated May 2, during teething, and two of inflammation on the bowels, that, in consequence of losing her three first children, one she gave her fourth child a little lime-water in every arti

cle of food, adding a dessert and sometimes only a teaspoonful of lime-water to every article, whether liquid or thick. It succeeded in keeping up healthy digestion, and feverish, flatulent, and fretful, as all her preceding chil a regular state of the bowels: the child, instead of being dren had been, continued cool and cheerful, free from constitutional disturbance. She has continued this pracany symptom of indigestion, and cut its teeth without any tice with two more children, with the same good effects. We have known this simple addition to the food of children prove very efficacious in incipient cases of rickets and of irritable bowels, attended with looseness, &c. but astringent quality, a little magnesia should occasionally if the child be disposed to costiveness, on account of its be added.-Gazette of Health.

years afterwards, his wife dies in his arms; he goes to her funeral, and the next day, when his servants announce dinner, be demands if his wife is ready and apprized of it. He asks you a question, and when you think to answer him, he is gone : he asks you how your father is, you tell him that he is very ill, he exclaims that he is very glad to hear it. Another time he meets you, he is delighted at the rencontre, he has something of the utmost moment to communicate; he looks at your hand, asks you where you got that beautiful ruby, he then leaves you and walks on: such is the important business which he had to treat of. In conversation with a young widow, he talks to her of her deceased husband, inquires the manner of his death; the lady, whose anguish is renewed by such discourse, weeps, sobs, but is forced to repeat all the minutiae of her husband's illness, from first to last. Madam (asks Menalcas, who has apparently been listening with the tmost attention) is that all?' He never knows his com- elbowes is in fashion here, and a great In. THE CHEMISTRY OF ROASTING AND BAKING, AND

14. A PRISON is the grave of the living, where they are shut up from the world, and their friends, and the wormes that gnaw upon them, their own thoughts, and the Iaylor. A house of meager looks, and ill smels: for lice, drinke, Tobacco, are the compound; Pluto's Court was exprest from this fancie. And the persons are much about the same party that is there. You may ask as Manip-burnt lime pour a small quantity of water, in a deep vesLime-water is thus prepared :-upon a pound of freshpus, in Lucian which is Nireus, which Ther-sel, and let it slacken till it crumbles; then add three quarts more of water, and after a few hours it may be sites, which the Begger, which the Knight: poured off quite clear, and bottled for use. A large glass, for they are all suited in the same form of a one-third milk, is a pleasant specific for acidity in adults. kind of nasty povertic. Onely to be out at

any; he calls his lacquey Sir,' and his friend⚫ 'Sirrah ;' The says 'Friend' to a prince of the blood, and your Highness' to a Quaker. A Magistrate, venerable for his age and dignity, questions him respecting an event, and ake him if it is so and so; 'Yes, Miss,' replies Menalcas."

THEIR EFFECTS ON FOOD.

Roasting is, perhaps, the best mode of rendering food wholesome and nourishing, as without greatly changing sapid, and high flavoured, while there is not so much disthe chemical properties of meat, it renders it more tender, sipation of its nutritive juices as in some other processes. It is important to observe, that unless meat be kept after it is killed till the fibres begin to lose their firmness and tension, it will not become tender by roasting; and you may hence be led to accuse your butcher when he is altogether innocent.

neither too slowly, so as to wither it, nor too rapidly, so as The perfection of roasting consists in doing the meat to burn it to a cinder. A small joint is best roasted on a the spit. The process is carried far enough when the string, by means of the bottle-jack; a large joint requires steam puffs out in jets towards the fire, as this steam comes from the interior of the joint, and makes its way through the brown crust.

decorum not to be threadbare. Every man
shewes here like so many wracks upon the
Sea, here the ribs of a thousand pounds, here
the relick of so many Mannours, a doublit
without buttons, And 'tis a spectacle of more
pity then executions are. The
company one
with other is but a vying of complaints, and
the causes they have to rayle on fortune, and
foole themselves, & there is a great deal of
good fellowship in this. They are commonly,
next their Creditors, most bitter against the
Lawyers, as men that have had a great stroke
in assisting them hither. Mirth here is stu- Baking, in a close oven, differs from roasting, in not
pidity or hard-heartednesse, yet they faine it meat; and the fat, besides, is decomposed at the bottom
permitting the escape of the vapour exhaled from the
sometimes to slip melancholy and keep off of the oven, and forms an indigestible empyreumatic oil
themselves from themselves, and the torment or the empyreumatic vapour carried off by a strong current
of a bad flavour. If the fat is prevented from burning,
of thinking what they have been. Men hud- of heated air passing through the oven, this disagreeable
and unwholesome flavour is prevented.
dle up their life here as a thing of no use, and When the fluids contained in meat are exposed to heat
wear it out like an old suit, the faster the in the process of roasting, they become expanded, and
are partly converted into steam, which breaks through
better: and he that deceives the time best, the numberless fibres and cells where it was confined, and
best spends it. It is the place where new opens a passage for the unrarefied juices to steam uncon-
fined among the fibres. It is chiefly the watery portion
comers are most welcommed, and next them of the fluids that escapes in vapour, while the fat is liqui
ill newes, as that which extends their fellow-fied, and the gelatine and ozmazome, being separated
from the fibre, unite into the compound fluid called gravy,
which does not exist in raw meat. The albuminous por-
way as the white of an egg does when exposed to heat.
tion of the meat at the same time coagulates, in the same

13. A CHURCH-PAPIST is one that parts his Religione betwixt his conscience and his une, and comes to Church not to serve god, but the King. The face of the Law akes him wear the mask of the Gospel, which he uses not as a means to save his ule, but charges. He loves Popery well, but is loth to lose by it, and though he be mething scared with the Bulls of Rome, yet ty are far off, and he is struck with more Four at the Apparitor. Once a month he Presents himself at the Church, to keep off ship in miserie, and leaves few to insult: and e Church-warden, and brings in his body to they breath their discontents more securely ve his bayle. He kneeles with the Con-here & have their tongues at more liberty regation, but prayes by himselfe and askes then abroad. Men see here much sinne, and God forgivenesse for comming thither. If he e forced to stay out a Sermon, he pulls his at over his eyes, and frownes out the hour, and when he comes home, thinks to make

much calamitie: and where the last does not
mortifie, the other hardens; and those that
are worse, here, are desperatly worse as those
from whom the horrour of sinne is taken off,

The greater part of the gravy, when thus prepared, is frothy crust which is formed on the outside, and is conseprevented from escaping from the joint by the brown quently retained among the fibres which it had separated be seen to flow out at every pore. If the roasting process, as may be proved by cutting into the meat, when it will however, be carried too far, the gravy will also be partly rest, which will leave the fibres dry, rigid, and carbonized. expanded and evaporated, and will open a passage for the