with nitrate of potass, in proportionate quantities, and light antispasmodick anodyne draughts should be administered. Aromatick and slightly camphorated cataplasms may be used as topical applications. If the formation of the malignant tumour appear slow, it should be hastened by the application of dry cupping-glasses. -Bleeding, at this period, is dangerous, as it is in the plague.

When this first period has passed, and the patient is likely to fall into syncope, stimulating tonicks must be joined to the mineral acids; such as quinquina, serpentaria, and arnica; the strength of the dose to be gradually increased. To the antispasmodick potions may be joined acetate of ammonia, and sulphurick ether. In short, at the third stage, when the anthrax is at its height, at the period when nature endeavours to disembarrass herself by a crisis of foreign and deleterious matter, she should be assisted by an incision into the gangrenous eschars, and by cutting out all those which lie within reach of the instrument, without touching the living parts; then the concentrated sulphurick acid should be immediately applied to the incisions, for the purpose of exciting the subjacent capillaries, and to facilitate critical inflammation, and the separation of the remaining gangrenous portions. When the eschars are entirely removed, the ulcers or wounds caused by their sloughing, should be dressed with a simple digestive, or a mixture of wine and honey, &c. In proportion to the abatement of the symptoms, the patient may use light nourishing food, and good wine, and he will soon recover.

Such is an abridged account of the malignant tumour, which we recognized again in the plague of Egypt, with some slight variations. We had, at the military hospital of Toulon, and in the town, a dozen patients affected with this disease, nearly at the same time, in the month

of May. The warmth of the season, which was considerable, had been preceded by abundant rains; a great number of reptiles and animalcula were found in the trenches and ditches of the town. The soldiers and inhabitants of Toulon chose these places, which are the first to produce the ornaments of spring, as their publick walk. I remarked that all who were affected with carbuncle, supposed themselves stung by insects or reptiles, while sitting on the grass; though the true cause was, doubtless, their having imbibed the insalubrious air.— This disease bore a contagious character similar to the malignant endemick tumour in Provence, and other countries of the south, where the climate is similar. All these patients were cured, except two. The bodies of these two last, which I opened, at the time of their deaths, had the circumference of the anthrax in a gangrenous state, the stomach and intestines were filled with infectious gas, and were also gangrenous in many parts. The epiploon was yellow and withered; all the venous system was filled with black liquid blood. So that in its results, this disease appeared to me very similar to the plague.

The climate on the coast of the Mediterranean, which stretches from Arles to Nice, is in some respects remarkable. The winds from the east, which in other places bring fair weather, are here the forerunners of rain.— The winds from the south-south-west are sometimes so impetuous, as to tear up trees by the roots, and unroof houses. Little snow falls in winter, and it dissolves quickly; the cold is slight, and the spring commences early. At the end of this season all these countries are like delightful and variegated gardens, which renders a residence in them equally agreeable and salutary.

In the midst of these flattering successes in the exercise of my profession at Toulon, as already recapitulated, I received orders from the minister of war to repair to

Paris, in order to occupy one of the professorships in the surgical department of the military school, established at Val-de-Grace, and I repaired to my new destination.

A few days after my arrival at Paris, the military medical school was opened with solemnity, under the presidency of Dr. Coste, medical inspector of the military hospitals. Among the introductory discourses, made by each professour, relative to his respective department, I distinguished those of my respectable colleagues, Messrs. Dufouard and Chayron, and I yet remember the impression made on the assembly, by the traits of eloquence and philosophick truth with which they abounded. The former was professor of surgical jurisprudence, and the latter of internal pathology. I had charge of the anatomical courses and operations. A great number of students attended our lectures, and the rapid proficiency attained by some of them, attested the advantages of this institution.

Besides the theoretick lectures delivered in the amphitheatre of this hospital of instruction, there were clinical lectures given by four professours, two of surgery, and two of medicine. All the acute cases were made the subjects of publick consultations, which were held on Thursdays, by the consent of the patient: then. each professour, after having heard a recital of the case, made by the attending physician or surgeon, delivered his opinion with calmness and impartiality. In this manner they were mutually enlightened; and it rarely happened that the disease was not known in its true character, and its indications perfectly fulfilled. If an important operation was to be performed, it was made in the amphitheatre, in presence of the professours and pupils, after an accurate description of all that ought to accompany or follow it. Critical notes of these consultations, with ob servations on every remarkable disease, were carefully

made and registered, in order that they might be consulted in case of necessity. The anatomical labours and physiological experiments on certain animals, were noted with the same attention: the examination of dead bodies was attended to with scrupulous exactness.

Lectures on botany and materia medica, on chemistry, and the subjects appertaining to the arts, rendered this new institution complete. We expected here to form an academy, which might gradually, and by continued efforts, replace the ancient academy of surgery, or at least, establish among the military surgeons that spirit of emulation, which should cause them to collect, with zeal and care, all the facts susceptible of contributing to the progress of science, and the cause of humanity: may they at some future day, realize this useful project.

I was just finishing my course of anatomy, when I received from the minister of war, at the request of the commander in chief of the army of Italy, and the commissary general Villemansky, an order to repair thither in order to organize, establish, and take charge of some flying ambulances, similar to those that were established by me in the army of the Rhine, in 1793.

* Dr. Desgenettes, my colleague of the physiological department, conducted these experiments.

CAMPAIGN IN ITALY.

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THE order of the minister of war being very urgent, I departed on the first of May, 1797. I passed through Lyons, and without stopping there, soon arrived at the bridge of Beauvoisin, one of the ancient limits of France, at which commences the first chain of Alps. The road cut through these mountains, is in many places so narrow as only to admit a single carriage.

Notwithstanding the difficulties of this route, we ar rived without accident at the grotto, a winding road opened in the highest part of the mountain, 500 toises in length; it crosses one of the highest mountains in the second chain of Alps, and is cut to the depth of sixty feet. It presents on each side a wall of rocks, tolerably uniform. When we reflect on this marvellous work, we cannot sufficiently admire the efforts and the means employed by Charles Emmanuel II., king of Sardinia, for the accomplishment of so fine a passage through such an extent of rugged mountains: it is certainly one of the most useful monuments by which a monarch can perpetuate his name and his glory.

After passing this defile, we entered the valley of Maurienne. The recitals of travellers, and the sad spectacle which is presented on all sides in this valley, induced me to observe attentively its surface and inhabitants. I left the carriage and performed the route on foot. The inhabitants are here buried in the deep and dark defiles of a