Resolved, That it is the duty of Congress to enact such laws as shall promptly and effectually suppress the system of polygamy within our territory and divorce the political from the ecclesiastical power of the so-called Mormon Church and that the law so enacted should be rigidly enforced by the civil authorities if possible, and by the military if need be. ticed by the Democratic party in Southern States, by which the will of the voter is defeated, as dangerous to the preservation of free institutions, and we solemnly arraign the Democratic party as being the guilty recipient of the fruit of such fraud and violence. We extend to the Republicans of the South, regardless of their former party affiliations, our cordial sympathy, and pledge them our most earnest efforts to promote the passage of such legislation as will secure to every citizen, of whatever race and color, the full and complete recognition, possession and exercise of all civil and political rights. Mr. Bush, of California-I move the adoption of the resolutions. Denouncing Southern Outrages. The people of the United States in their organized capacity constitute a nation and not a mere confederacy of states. The National Government is supreme within the sphere of its national duty, but the states have reserved rights which should be faithfully maintained; each should be guarded with jealous care so that the harmony of our system of government may be preserved and the Union kept inviolate. The perpetuity of our institutions rests upon the maintenance of a free ballot, an honest count and a correct return. We denounce the fraud and violence prac-mously. The Chair-The gentleman from California moves the adoption of the resolutions. The question is upon the adoption of the resolutions. Those in favor of the same will say yea, and contrary nay. The resolutions were adopted unani State Elections of 1882 and 1883, compared with the Presidential Election of 1880. combined. vote was taken. In Georgia, Congressmen-at-Large was taken. Regular and Independent Republican vote is combined. ** Vote of the two Democratic candidates is others the principal State officer was taken. Where State officers were not elected, the Congressional Lieutenant-Governor was taken, as being, from special causes, a fairer test of party strength. In the combined on Judge. † American, 707; scattering, 989. Scattering, 106. In these States the vote on State officers chosen, excluding Secretary of State. In Nebraska, Democratic and Anti-Monopoly vote In Connecticut, the vote for Sheriff is taken. In New York, the average vote on four of the five The vote for Chief Judge. The HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES OF THE UNITED STATES. Colonial Parties-Whig and Tory. traded were compelled to do it with EngThe parties peculiar to our Colonial land. In 1672 inter-colonial duties were times hardly have a place in American imposed, and when manufacturing sought politics. They divided people in senti- to flank this policy, their establishment ment simply, as they did in the mother was forbidden by law. country, but here there was little or no power to act, and were to gather results from party victories. Men were then Whigs or Tories because they had been prior to their emigration here, or because their parents had been, or because it has ever been natural to show division in individual sentiment. Political contests, however, were unknown, for none enjoyed the pleasures and profits of power; the crown made and unmade rulers. The local self-government which our forefathers enjoyed, were secured to them by their charters, and these were held to be contracts not to be changed without the consent of both parties. All of the inhabitants of the colonies claimed and were justly entitled to the rights guaranteed by the Magna Charta, and in addition to these they insisted upon the supervision of all internal interests and the power to levy and collect taxes. These claims were conceded until their growing prosperity and England's need of additional revenues suggested schemes of indirect taxation. Against these the colony of Plymouth protested as early as 1636, and spasmodic protests from all the colonies followed. These increased in frequency and force with the growing demands of King George III. In 1651 the navigation laws imposed upon the colonies required both exports and imports to be carried in British ships, and all who The passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 caused high excitement, and for the first time parties began to take definite shape and manifest open antagonisms, and the words Whig and Tory then had a plainer meaning in America than in England. The Stamp Act was denounced by the Whigs as direct taxation, since it provided, that stamps previously paid for should be affixed to all legal papers. The colonies resented, and so general were the protests that for a time it seemed that only those who owed their livings to the Crown, or expected aid and comfort from it, remained with the Tories. The Whigs were the patriots. The war for the rights of the colonies began in 1775, and it was supported by majorities in all of the Colonial Assemblies. These majorities were as carefully organized then as now to promote a popular cause, and this in the face of adverse action on the part of the several Colonial Governors. Thus in Virginia, Lord Dunmore had from time to time, until 1773, prorogued the Virginia Assembly, when it seized the opportunity to pass resolves instituting a committee of correspondence, and recommending joint action by the legislatures of the other colonies. In the next year, the same body, under the lead of Henry, Randolph, Lee, Washington, Wythe and other patriots, officially deprecated the closing of the |