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'Not one who claims, though but in half-formed voice,
The name of man, waits for the chieftain's call;
Even boys, who scarce can string their childish bows,
Press keenly forward, and like untrained dogs
Are rated home. To stem the tide of war,
Forward the warriors haste, the foe appears,
The bonbalon resounds; the murderous yell,
Impatient of delay, is raised; no pause
Allow'd for marshalling, with van to van,
Opponent, stretch'd in parallel array,
But line with line, the chiefs at either head,
Is fiercely joined, like two infuriate snakes
That crested meet, entwining, till convolved
They form a writhing globe, and poisoned die
By mutual wounds. Not so the combat ends
That seals Kocma's doom: right yields to power.
O'erwhelm'd by numbers, fathers, husbands, lie
Dead, bleeding, dying; blessed are the dead!
They hear not the oppressor's chain, nor feel
The bolted ir'on: while from a neighbouring hill
The pale-fac'd, ruthless author of the war
Surveys the human harvest reaped and bound.
Fire, sword, and rapine, sweep away at once
The cottage with its inmates, and transform
The happy vale into a wilderness;
No human being, save the bowed down,
And children that scarce lisp a father's name,
Is left as when a forest is laid low,

Haply some single and far sundered trees

Are spared, while every lowly shrub and flower,

That sheltered smiled, droops shivering in the breeze.' p. 64.

The simile of the snakes is highly picturesque. That which is contained in the closing lines is not very accurate, inasmuch as the trees that are left, when a copse is felled, are not the aged, but the young and thriving.

We should quote the following excellent passage, if only for the last line. It describes the conveyance of captives in a boat to the slave ship.

"Quick plunge the oars: fleetly to eyes unused
The land retreating seems, while the huge ship
Comes towering on with all her bulging sails;
And now she nighs, and now her shadow spreads
Dark o'er the little barge's captive freight,

Like vulture's wings above the trembling lamb.' p. 65.

In the introductory lines of the second part, Mr. G. addresses the ear as successfully as the eye.

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Heave, heave the anchor, on your handspikes rise!
To yea resounds amid the buzz confused

Ascending from the hold with groans and shrieks.
That cannot be repressed; and now full sail
To catch the breeze, that scarce the canvass fills,

The floating herse nods onward o'er the waves.' p. 67.

The horrible situation of the slaves, when the weather renders it necessary to fasten down the hatches, is most forcibly described.

-The coffined captives pant

For air; and in their various languages
Implore, unheard, that but a single board

Be raised vain prayer, for now the beetling surge
Breaks o'er the bow, and boils along the deck.
Oh then the horrors of the den below!

Disease bursts forth, and, like th'electric shock,
Sudden strikes through at once the prostrate ranks.
Fierce fever pours his lava from the heart
And burns through every vein; convulsion writhes
Foaming, and gnaws and champs his twisted arm;
Dire trismus bends his victim on the wheel

Of torment, rivets close the firm screwed jaw
In fearful grin, and makes death lovely seem.'

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There is a want of congruity, in making convulsion gnaw his own arm, while trismus torments his victim; and of perspicuity, in the expression makes death lovely seem', which, though true in the sense of rendering death itself desirable to the sufferer, is very much the reverse in the more obvious sense of rendering that particular form of death pleasing to the beholder.

The passage proceeds thus: in the first line, perhaps, a fastidious rhetorician would carp at an anticlimax.

'One endless day, one night that seemed a year,
The billows raged so long the slaves, immured,
Struggled 'twixt life and death. At last the winds.
Abate; subside the waves; the fastened boards
Unfold, and full o'erhead the hopeless eye

Sees, from his wooden couch, once more the sun

Dim through the cloud that to the topmast steams.'

We certainly need not repeat the admiration we have more than once expressed, for Mr. Grahame's talent of description. The passages we have already cited contain several minute strokes of nature, which few other artists would have thought to introduce, but which have a very powerful effect in enabling the mind to realize the scene depicted. The description of a calm is far from being the worst in the poem.

For now the sails hang heavy on the breeze;
The lambent waves rise gently on the prow;

His bulk the following sluth-hound of the deep
Rolls, gambolling, and shews his vault-like gorge;
And every sign foretells a lasting calm.
Fainting the breeze dies gradually away,
Till not a breath is felt; the vessel lies
Moveless, as if enchased in Arctic ice,
While fierce, with perpendicular rays, the sun
Withers up life, and from within thirst burns
Unquench'd:-

Seven days and nights the deep a mirror lay
To sun, and moon, and stars; and ere the wind
Began again to whisper through the shrowds,
The living scarce were equal to the work
Of burying the dead: the dying hear

The frequent plunge, and clasp their hands in prayer
That their appointed hour may be the next;
Contending sharks, full many a fathom down,

Are seen in act of tearing, limb from limb,

The sinking corpse, that finds a living grave.' pp. 75, 77. As the first part of this poem narrates the capture and purchase of the, negroes, and the second the passage, the third briefly describes the miseries and toils they suffer in the West Indies. The following passage in this book, though it begins rather humbly, is intitled to notice, for the fine allusion with which it terminates.

And is it for a system such as this
That Britain sends devoted legions forth,
The victims not of warfare but disease!
What is the clashing steel, or cannon's roar,

Death's toys and baubles! what the thundering surge,

Compared to pestilence's silent tread,

That like the angel sent through Pharaoh's land

(O would Britannia read the lesson right)

The bondman's dwelling passes o'er untouched!' p. 83.

In the fourth part, our poet concisely celebrates the abolition, and anticipates the moral emancipation which may be effected for the negroes by the diffusion of religious truth and European knowledge.

• Already I behold the wicker dome
To Jesus consecrated, humbly rise

Below the sycamore's wide spreading boughs :
Around the shapeless pillars twists the vine;
Flowers of all hues climb up the walls, and fill
The house of God with odour passing far
Sabean incense, while combined with notes
Most sweet, most artless, Zion's songs ascend,
And die in cadence soft; the preacher's voice
Succeeds; their native tongue the converts hear

In deep attention fixed, all but that child Who eyes the hanging cluster, yet withholds, In reverence profound, his little hand.' p. 87. Several instances have been given of Mr. Grahame's success in employing the simile. We will only add the following, which appears to us particularly happy, though it may be thought to border on a conceit. It refers to the dying saint,'

Whose hymning voice of joy is fainter heard,

And fainter still, like the ascending lark,

As nearer heaven he draws-'

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It was our intention to point out the faults of this poem at greater length, than we now feel inclined. One of the principal is, as we have already observed, the slovenly, dull, untuneable passages, in the versification, which, instead of embellishing or enforcing the sentiment, enfeeble it. Allied to this, is the admission of certain lines of irregular length. There are also several layers of mere prose intruded in different parts of the composition.

But small the sum of evil that results

From individual crime, though deep their dye,
Compared to that destruction which awaits
On war, on war incited by the arts
Of men, professing to obey the words
Of Him, whose law was peace.'

We are confident that, if fifty lines of this description were to be read aloud to an English audience, they would fall as fast asleep as if they were at church. The following passage is as bad; and the wonderments render it a more nauseous dose, though perhaps less soporific.

Murdered! yes, foully murdered, is each one
Who dies a captive in the horrid trade.

And yet there have been men, and still there are,
Who vindicate such murder; men who preach

That gain and custom sanction every crime.' p. 76.
There are other passages but little superior.
The intellectual powers emancipate

Again,

Display an elasticity unknown

To men who pace the round of polished life.' p. 89.

'Or, if direct attempts should not be made [to revive the trade]

May not connivance, &c.

We are ready, however, to admit, as a partial excuse for these prosings, that it is scarcely possible to give a poetical turn to the enunciation of abstract truth in blank verse.

It

is a task which challenged, and, we must frankly own, not unfrequently foiled, even the unrivalled abilities of Cowper. It is only the measure and music of rhyme, that can animate the march of poetry over the dreary wastes of moral disquisition.

We think it can require no argument to establish Mr. Grahame's pretensions to at least as much popularity as he has acquired, on the ground of his peculiar talent for description. Of his success in the pathetic we do not think very highly, except so far as the singular vivacity of his descriptions excites emotions in the reader's mind, which, supposing they are felt, are not sympathetically communicated, by his own. He paints to the eye; and a Hebrew poet has told us, the eye affects the heart.' But if he fails to kindle the affections by a glow of sentiment, and delight the ear by the harmony of his numbers, it must be admitted that he produces occasionally a more perfect illusion of the fancy than any of his contemporaries; we might venture to say, perhaps, than any poet his country can boast. We shall soon have the pleasure of introducing him again to the notice of our readers, as author of 'British Georgics.'

The remaining poem, if we are rightly informed, is the production of a lady. This, we think, should render us rather sparing, than lavish of our praise. The fair author would despise, and the public disallow our decision, if they supposed we had awarded it to her sex instead of her poem. What has been said of mercy, is true of almost every virtue; it is twice blest." Of flattery, as of many other vices, we might say the reverse: and as we are not disposed to take any shame to ourselves on Miss Benger's account, or bring her real merits into discredit on ours, we shall be cautious not to entwine a single leaf too much, in the wreath which our office requires us to bestow upon her. In fact, there are several short passages in her poem, and a few long ones, that are by no means unworthy of a place in this splendid publication.

The principal fault we have to find is, that the language seems to have been too often the first consideration, and the thought only the second. This we have been led to suspect, in some degree, by the number of second lines, in different parts of the poem, which appear to have been added to complete the couplet, and to have been suggested by the rhyme. We could not read even the first paragraph, without being forced to entertain this suspicion: it is addressed to Granville Sharp.

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