we have a country fit for every and any purpose, where fine woolled sheep may be increased to any amount, in a climate peculiarly congenial to them; ere long you will hear of a route being continued to the southward, as far as Twofold-bay, and so on further in succession through a country as much more beautiful and superior to the Cow-pastures, as that now enviable district is to the land contiguous to Sydney, and where our herds, our flocks, and our cultivation may unlimitedly increase, at an inconsiderable distance from the great and grand essential in a young colony water-carriage.'

99

The following extract of a general order from the governor on the occasion will evince his excellency's estimation of the import ance of Mr. Throsby's exertions:

"G. and G. O.

"Government-house, "Sydney, May 31. "His excellency the governor having received and perused the journal of a tour lately made by Charles Throsby, esq., by the way of the Cow-pastures to Bathurst, in the new discovered country westward of the Blue Mountains, takes this early opportunity publicly to announce the happy result of an enterprise which promises to conduce, in a very eminent degree, to the future interest and prosperity of the colony.

"The communication with the western country having been heretofore over a long and difficult range of mountains, alike ungenial to man and cattle, from their parched and barren state, it

became an object of great importance to discover another route, whereby those almost insurmountable barriers would be avoided, and a more practicable, and consequently less hazardous access effected to the rich and extensive plains of Bathurst.

"His excellency adverts with pleasure to Mr. Throsby's general report of the capabilities, qualities and features of the country intervening between the Cow - pastures and Bathurst; which he represents to be, with few exceptions, rich, fertile and luxuriant; abounding with fine runs of water and all the happy varieties of soil, hill and valley, to render it not only delightful to the view, but highly suitable to all the purposes of pasturage and agriculture.

"The importance of these discoveries is enhanced by the consideration, that a continuous range of valuable country, extending from the Cow-pastures to the remote plains of Bathurst, is now fully ascertained, connecting these countries with present settlements on this side the Nepean.

"His excellency the governor, highly appreciating Mr. Throsby's services on this occasion, offers him this public tribute of acknowledgment, for the zeal and perseverance by which he was actuated throughout that arduous undertaking; and desires his acceptance of 1,000 acres of land in any part of the country discovered by himself that he may choose to select.

66

By command of his excellency, (Signed) "J. T. CAMPBELL, Secretary.

By

By the Shipley, that had sailed on the 1st of April, but has not yet arrived, between 200 and 300 troops were sent home, which has left the colony with a force of only 500 men for its protection. The number was deemed inadequate for the purpose, and the settlers (in other respects going on prosperously) were in anxiety and alarm on that account. An increase of military force has been long expected by the colony, as well as a brig of war at Sydney. All the benevolent institutions, especially the Orphan School, founded by the excellent lady of their former governor, captain King, are producing the best effects on the rising generation.

2. An inquest was held last week, which lasted several hours and which excited very considerable interest, at the Triumphal Chariot, Pembroke-mews, Grosvenor-place, before Mr. Higgs, on the body of Mary Gibson, a girl nearly 15 years of age, who, a few months ago, came from the country as servant to a Mr. Tuson, and who was killed on Sunday night last, through the furious driving of Adam Wright, a coachman belonging to Messrs. Mawbey and Phipp, proprietors of the Fulham stages, and who was a few months ago liberated from prison, after being found guilty of manslaughter, for killing a Mrs. Kirby and her child in a similar way. Several witnesses were examined; after which the coroner very minutely recapitulated the evidence, and gave it as his conviction, that the deceased met her death from the improper conduct of the driver, Adam Wright, who, he was sorry to

find, had been once before punished for a similar offence; however, as the jury had patiently, for so considerable a length of time, paid attention to the different evidence adduced, it rested entirely with them to decide what verdict to give on the present most melancholy catastrophe. He at the same time thought it his duty to congratulate Messrs. Mawbey and Phipp upon their conduct, in so promptly coming forward, and was convinced that the public at large would agree with himself and the jury, that they were not in the slightest degree to blame in the present affair. The jury consulted for a few minutes together, and returned a verdict of Manslaughter against Adam Wright. The witnesses were bound over to appear against him, and the coroner issued a warrant for his apprehension.

Lord Cochrane has made some important captures on the S. W. coast of South America. The letters communicating this intelligence are dated from St. Jago de Chili, 17th of June, and were brought by the Royal Sovereign whaler. The vessels captured consist, it is stated, of eight merchantmen, laden with valuable cargoes and specie; and nearly all of them were insured to the full amount at Lloyd's. These vessels were under the convoy of the Spanish frigate called the Cleopatra; the action in which they were captured took place off Payta, considerably to the north of Lima and near the great bay of Guayaquil.

Liverpool. The collector of this port has given orders that all vessels from the United States

shall

shall be placed under quarantine. Letters received this day from New York, up to the 27th Sep,tember, give a melancholy account of the ravages made by the yellow fever. The principal streets of that city are deserted by the inhabitants, who have fled to the country to avoid the contagion. Business was suspended, and there were not any hopes of the fever abating until the end of October. The Ann, captain Crocker, from New York, is now off this port, with upwards of 100 returned emigrants. There are only two American vessels in this port at present-a circumstance unprecedented in time of peace.

In consequence of letters from the Home Department to the lords lieutenant, the yeomanry cavalry in the midland and northern counties have been called upon to hold themselves in readiness to assist the civil authorities, in case of necessity.

3. The applications at the Secretary of State's office, by persons wishing to emigrate to the intended new settlement at the Cape of Good Hope, have been so numerous as to render it necessary for government to apprise those who may now be desirous of proceeding to that colony, that the whole number which it is possible to send out during the present year has already been completed.

Sir Humphrey Davy writes from Rome to one of his friends, that of the number of manuscripts found in the ruins of Herculaneum, and which have been there enclosed during 1,696 years, 88 have been unrolled, and are

now legible. There are $19 utterly destroyed; 24 have been given away as presents. It is hoped that from 100 to 120 may yet be saved out of 1,265 manuscripts that remain to be unrolled and decyphered, by means of a chymical operation which will cost about 3,000l. sterling.

The late storm has been severely felt along the North Devon coast. On Thursday, the 21st ult., a fishing-boat belonging to Clovelly, with seven men, was lost in sight of that romantic village, one only being saved. This melancholy accident is much embittered by the reflection, that the six unfortunate individuals have all left behind them wives and families to the extent altogether of thirty-five children! One of the men was called Brent, and formerly attended Dock-market. Several other herring boats were dispersed in different directions, some being driven on the opposite coast. An American ship passed up channel on Thursday, laden with cotton; she had on board five men, taken off the wreck of a brig laden with timber in the Chops of the Channel. These men report their vessel to have been laid on her beam-ends in a gale of wind, but on her masts being cut away she righted, when two of the crew fell overboard and were drowned. The survivors remained on the wreck, living on raw salt pork 14 days, when the American vessel happily fell in with them.

Fire at Whitechapel.-The patrol, when he saw the smoke issuing from the windows of Mr. Aaron Oram, sprang his rattle for assistance,

assistance, but before any one arrived the lower part of the house was enveloped in flames. The most distressing scene that can possibly be conceived now presented itself; the family, consisting of Mr. Oram, his wife, eleven children and three servants, were shrieking for aid from the upper windows of the house. There was no possibility of their escaping but through the windows, and no ladders were near, nor was there any communication to the adjoin ing house. Mr. Oram, Mrs. Oram and their son (a youth of 17 years of age), threw themselves out of a two pair of stairs window. Mrs. Oram was caught by the watchman and received but trifling injury: Mr. Oram escaped most miraculously, without any fracture of his limbs; the son unfortunately had his leg broken, and sustained other serious injury. As soon as Mr. and Mrs. Oram recovered themselves, they called out for their children in the greatest agony. The youth was carried to a neighbouring surgéon. By this time ladders had been brought to the premises, and the two adjoining houses (occupied by Mrs. Ross, a miliner and a Mr. Lazarus) were on fire. The ladders were placed against the house of Mr. Oram, and the servants and seven of the children were taken out of the windows of. the upper stories. When the seventh child was taken from the window, the flame and smoke rushed in volumes from the upper part of the premises, and the servant-man, who was on the ladder for the purpose of assisting the three remaining children from the burning pile, was

compelled, to save his own life, to slide down the ladder, leaving the little unfortunate creatures at the window crying for relief, which no human power could render them. The agonizing

feelings of the parents it is im possible to describe: they saw their infants stretching forth their little hands, until the furious element hid them from their view. The mother was taken into a neighbour's, in a state bordering on madness. The father, in a state of frenzy, called for his children; but, alas! the poor children, consisting of one boy six years, one boy seven years, and a third nine years of age, perished in the flames. While the neighbours were rendering assistance to Mr. and Mrs. Oram, a gang of thieves stole property to a considerable amount. The engines did not arrive until the premises were nearly destroyed. Lazarus's house was occupied chiefly by lodgers; they rushed out in a state of nudity, and were received into the neighbours' houses and supplied with covering. They unfortunately did not save a single article of their apparel, or any other property. The house of Mrs. Ross was also destroyed, and no property saved. The body of one of Mr. Oram's children (the eldest that was burnt) was dug out of the ruins, burnt to a cinder.

4. Cambridge.-William Frere esq. M. A., Sergeant at Law and Master of Downing-college, was yesterday elected Vice-Chancellor of this University for the year ensuing.

On Tuesday last, in consequence of a requisition signed by

a number of distinguished individuals of the different colleges of this University, a meeting took place at the Lecture-room under the Public Library, when Dr. Haviland being called to the chair, a series of resolutions were proposed and carried unanimously, tending to the establishment of a society as a point of concourse for scientific communication. The further organization of the society being referred to a committee, the meeting was dissolved.

Edinburgh. An unexpected order arrived on Tuesday for the march of the 6th foot from the Castle for England. Accordingly yesterday morning (Wednesday, Nov. 3) eight companies of the regiment marched in two divisions, one by the south and the other by the coast road, for Berwick-upon-Tweed. The two remaining companies proceed to the same place as soon as the veterans are formed. We under stand the route of the regiment is Leeds, where it is to be stationed. Tuesday, four cart loads of musquets, being the whole unemployed firelocks belonging to the Lanarkshire militia, arrived here from Hamilton, attended by some of the corps, and were lodged in the Castle. This, it is supposed, is a measure of precaution adopted by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Lanark, in consequence of the present disturbed state of the west of Scotland.

A very remarkable affair will soon be brought to trial. The following is the case:- -Louis Buonaparte, while he was King of Holland, had purchased the magnificent seat of Mr. Hope, the banker at Haarlem. Being obliged to quit his throne, he could not enjoy his private property. The present king of the Netherlands, at his entrance into the kingdom, took possession of the palace of Mr. Hope, as being a demesne of the crown. On the first remonstrance of Louis Buonaparté, the sovereign showed a desire to make an amicable arrangement, and offered to the ancient possessor, first 200,000 florins, and afterwards 300,000. Though this last sum was pretty nearly the value of the estate, Louis refused it as insufficient. The ex-king then caused a consultation to be held by some distinguished lawyers, the majority of whom decided in favour of their sovereign; the minority, consisting of three members, decided in favour of the ex-king. This affair is going to be brought before the Tribunal of the First Instance at Amsterdam. Louis Buonaparté has chosen for his counsel Dr. Mayer, one of the first lawyers in the Netherlands and the author of some excellent works. The question to be proved before the tribunal will be, whether Louis Buonaparté paid for this palace out of his own private fortune; and whether, in 1813, at the time of the installation of his Majesty, he was still in possession of this estate; or whether the imperial administration which had succeeded him had not appropriated it and united it with the

demesnes