depôt, and Landwehr cavalry, 2nd levy, to 167 squadrons with 19,942 horses. The whole strength of the Prussian cavalry amounts, therefore, to 455 squadrons with 67,100 horses. Of these, 292 squadrons (line and 1st levy), with a strength of 49,000 men, can march into the field. In the cuirassier, uhlan, and Landwehr cavalry, 80 men of the regiment are armed with carbines; the remainder with pistols. Dragoon and hussar regiments are armed, two-sevenths with rifles, four-sevenths with carbines, and one-seventh with pistols. 3. ARTILLERY.-Prussia has 9 artillery regiments (1 of the guard), the combined fortress artillery division, and a laboratory division of 2 companies. Each regiment contains 4 6-pounder batteries, 3 12-pounder batteries, 1 7-pounder howitzer battery, 3 6-pounder mounted batteries, each of 8 guns; or 11 batteries, with 88 guns. Although the Landwehr are incorporated to keep the regiments on a war-footing, they do not form a special corps. The whole strength of the artillery may be estimated at 99 batteries, or 792 guns with 18,891 men. 4. ENGINEERS AND PIONEERS.-The engineer corps is divided into the staff of the engineer corps, 9 pioneer divisions; of which 1 is attached to the guard, and 2 reserve pioneer companies. The staff is composed of 216 officers of all grades, of whom a portion is attached to the pioneer divisions. The 9 pioneer divisions, with depôt and reserve companies, form a strength of 6343 men. If we add to these about 1400 of the Landwehr pioneers of the 1st and 2nd levy, who form no special division, the total strength of the pioneers amounts to 7743 men. 5. THE TRAIN.-This branch during peace is only organised as a depôt, but in time of war it is formed into several subdivisions; 3000 men are attached to each corps d'armée, which gives us 30,000 for the whole army. Omitting subordinate detachments, we may, therefore, estimate the Prussian army as composed of 580,800 men, with 932 guns, of whom 299,500 men, with 732 guns (including the 1st levy), could march into the field. The army is composed of 9 corps-1 corps of the guard and 8 provincial corps d'armée. The time of service commences with the 20th year, and no substitution is allowed. The standing army contains all those from 20 to 25 years of age; the Landwehr of the 1st levy, those from 26 to 32; the Landwehr of the 2nd levy, all capable of bearing arms up to their 39th year; and lastly, the Landsturm, all those up to their 50th year who are not attached to the standing army or the Landwehr, as well as all above 17 and under 20 years of age. The standing army allows men to go on furlough after three years' service, after which they must serve two years longer as reserve for the army in case of war. The Landwehr of the 1st levy, bound to serve both in and out of the country, only keep up in peace their depôts. Every two years they are called out for drill in connexion with the standing army. The Landwehr of the 2nd levy, during war, reinforces the garrisons as well as the standing army; hitherto it has not been called out to exercise. The Landsturm, which has not been specially organised since 1815, is only called out in a case of urgent necessity. Volunteers can complete their time of service in the standing army in a year, as soon as they equip themselves and pass the requisite examination. The officers are obtained partly from the military schools, and are partly selected from the under officers and privates, who, between the ages of 17 and 23, and after at least sixteen months' service, can pass the requisite examination. When a person has distinguished himself in the field, the examination is not required. THE ARMY OF THE CONFEDERATION. By the registration of 1842, each federative state is bound to furnish, as simple contingent, one per cent. of its entire population; ten weeks after mobilisation one-third per cent. as reserve; and one-sixth per cent. to provide for casualties; or, altogether without train, one and a half per The strength of the federative army is thus made up: cent. 1. Simple contingent (including the garrisons of the fortresses) 303,493 men. 2. Reserve and supplement Total........ ... 151,767 These forces are divided into ten corps d'armée, and one reserve infantry division of 13 battalions, as follows: CORPS. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Pioneers. TOTAL. Guns. 1438 151,767 298 Reserve and Contingent 119,455 20,364 10,510 Total......... 358,176 61,118 31,613 4353 455,260 890 In consequence of the Bundes-Heer being placed on a war footing, these contingents have been recently very largely increased, and they will now amount to 403,362 men of the first contingent, or with the reserves to 525,037 men. In this statement we do not include the troops which the several states are bound to furnish for the reinforcement of the various fortresses, as, for instance, Wurtemberg and Baden 48,000 men. By a statement, to which we believe credit may be attached, the military resources of all Germany may be estimated at 800,000 men, with 2400 guns, and within six weeks a reserve of 400,000 men could be brought into the field. A truly overpowering force, which does not exist merely on paper, like the Russian million, and which, if once conscious of the true state of the case, could easily carry into effect Mr. Cobden's threat of crumpling up the Czar. Having thus given a statement of the whole strength of the Federal army, it will be worth while to inquire into the formation of the various corps. Of the first six, supplied by Austria and Prussia, little more need be said, except that their contingents are far inferior to the forces they would probably supply in case of a general war-say with France. Thus, for instance, Prussia is expected to supply 79,000 men, but her corps d'armée, on a war footing, amount to 32,000 men with 96 guns, and, consequently, her first contingent would amount to 96,000 with 288 guns, or 16,000 men and 128 guns more than she is bound to furnish. THE 7TH CORPS D'ARMÉE.-This corps is composed exclusively of Bavarians, and amounts, as we have seen, to 35,600 men with 72 guns as first contingent, and a reserve of 17,800 men (13,793 infantry, 2543 cavalry, 1286 artillery, with 36 guns and 178 pioneers), or altogether 53,400 combatants with 108 guns. But the Bavarian army is much more numerous than this. It is composed, at the present time, of 117,360 infantry, 20,370 cavalry, 20,212 artillery, engineers, and train, and a reserve of 70,439 men. The foot artillery has 224, the horse 32, fieldguns, and there are 13,000 guns for the reserve, fortresses, and siege batteries. The Landwehr in Rhenish Bavaria amounts to 5441 infantry, 2506 cavalry, and 72 guns. The time of service is from the 21st to the 27th In in the line, and from the 27th to the 40th in the reserve. year, addition, the Landwehr claims the services of the Bavarians till they have passed their 60th year. THE 8TH CORPS D'ARMÉE. This corps is composed of the contingents of Wurtemberg, Baden, and Hesse Darmstadt, each of which forms a division in the following proportions: FIRST CONTINGENT. Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Pioneers. TOTAL. Guns. To these must be added a reserve contingent of 15,075 men (11,685 infantry, 2154 cavalry, 1085 artillery, with 32 guns and 151 pioneers), so that the whole amount is 45,225 men with 92 guns. But these figures do not represent the entire army of these countries, as will be seen from the following tables : 1. WURTEMBERG.-The infantry amounts to 14,376 men, the cavalry to 2949, and the artillery is composed of 7 batteries with 42 guns and 1764 men. The pioneers amount in the whole to 175; so that the effective strength of the Wurtemberg army may be calculated at 19,300 men with 42 guns. The service lasts six years, with the option of providing a substitute, and a Landwehr in these levies up to the 32nd year. 2. BADEN. The infantry is composed of four regiments=10,223 men, without depôt; three regiments of cavalry=2451 men; and one regiment of artillery with four foot batteries and one mounted battery= 40 guns and 1700 men. The pioneers and laboratory corps amount to 255; so that the whole strength of the army may be estimated at about 15,000 men with 40 guns. The service lasts six years, two of them in the reserve, and substitution is permitted. 3. HESSEN DARMSTADT.-The infantry is composed of four regiments, amounting to 8041 men; the cavalry, one regiment of chevau-légers, of 1404 men; the artillery, 847 men; the pioneers about 120; and the whole strength is 10,498 men with 18 guns. The service lasts six years, with substitution, two of them in the reserve. THE 9TH CORPS D'ARMÉE.-This is composed of two divisions, of which Saxony forms the first, and Hessen Cassel and Nassau the second, in the following proportions: Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Pioneers. TOTAL. Guns. FIRST CONTINGENT. To these must be added a reserve contingent of 10,858 men (8712 infantry, 1263 cavalry, 780 artillery with 22 guns, and 103 pioneers); so that the total of combatants to be furnished amounts to 32,576 men with 66 guns. To the 9th corps must also be added the LuxemburgLemburg contingent, amounting to 2536 men (1869 infantry, 362 cavalry, 280 artillery, with 6 guns and 25 pioneers); and the half of it (1278 men and 3 guns) as reserve. These troops are intended to reinforce the garrison of Luxemburg, and form an integral portion of the army of the Netherlands. 1. SAXONY.-This army is composed of 20 battalions of infantry, with 19,741 effectives; 3180 cavalry, with 3088 horses; 8 batteries of artillery, with 50 guns and 1332 men; 250 pioneers, with 408 horses; and the commissariat train company of 560 men-altogether, without the reserve, 24,750 combatants and 50 guns. The service is six years, with substitution; three years reserve. 2. HESSEN CASSEL.-Four regiments-7301 men; cavalry, 1350; artillery, 812. Total strength, 11,800 effectives, with 3 batteries or 19 guns. Term of service from the 20th to 30th year, in two levies; substitution allowed. 3. NASSAU.-Infantry, 7 battalions of 4 companies = 6745 men; artillery, 2 companies of 516 men and 12 guns; pioneers, 56 men. Total strength, 7317 men, with 12 guns. Six years' service and substitution. THE 10TH CORPS D'ARMÉE.-This is the most composite of all the divisions, for it is formed of nine separate contingents, of which Hanover and Brunswick form the 1st division; Holstein, the Two Mecklenburgs, Oldenburg, and the free Towns of Hamburg, Bremen, and Lübeck the 2nd division; in the following proportions: FIRST CONTINGENT. Hanover..... Brunswick Infantry. Cavalry. Artillery. Pioneers. TOTAL. Guns. Bremen Lübeck 55832 93 29 36 3,580 8 2,829 4 1,298 4 Combatants......... 22,246 3572 1974 275 28,067 58 To these must be added a reserve of 14,019 men (11,107 infantry, 1788 cavalry, 988 artillery, with 29 guns, 136 pioneers), so that the 10th corps will amount to 42,086 men, with 87 guns. 1. HANOVER.-The infantry, without reserve, amounts to 20 battalions, or about 17,000 men; the cavalry to 3630 combatants; the artillery contains 6 batteries, with 36 guns, and 1118 men. Including the pioneer corps of 200 men, the entire strength of the Hanoverian troops, without reserve, may be estimated at 21,900 men, with 36 guns. The service, commencing at the 20th year, lasts seven years, with substitution, and a good deal of recruiting is, in addition, carried on. 2. BRUNSWICK: S1 Regiment of 2 horse and 2 Landwehr battalions Cavalry 1 Regiment of hussars, and 2 squadrons of Landwehr = 4157 men. Total strength of the Brunswick troops =5359 men, with 12 guns. Seven years of service, including two years reserve; substitution. 3. MECKLENBURG SCHWERIN.-Infantry, 3460 men; cavalry, 629 men; artillery and pioneers, 654 men; with 16 guns. Total strength 4752 men, with 16 guns; six years of service; substitution. The other contingents do not require any further elucidation, as the troops composing them form the effective strength of the various countries. THE RESERVE INFANTRY DIVISION. By a Federation decree of the 11th December, 1840, the contingents of the eighteen smaller German States, and the Free City of Frankfort, were combined into a reserved division. These States are: The four Saxon (Weimar, Altenburg, Coburg Gotha, and Meiningen); three Anhalts (Dessau, Bernberg, and Cöthen); two Schwarzburgs (Sonderhausen and Rudolstadt); two Hohenzollerns (Hechingen and Sigmaringen); Lichtenstein; Reuss, elder and younger line; Lippe and Schaumburg Lippe; Hessen Homburg, Waldeck, and the Free City of Frankfort. Their first contingent amounts to 11,116 men, and 5584 reserve-total, 16,700 infantry. The first contingent is divided into 13 battalions, and intended to reinforce the garrisons of the federal fortresses in time of war. It will not be necessary to give a table of their respective contingents, but we may mention, as a curiosity, that the Lichtenstein army amounts to 28 men, and that this is currently supposed to be the army which its gallant commander ordered to bivouac under a plum tree. THE FEDERAL FORTRESSES. MAINZ, opposite the confluence of the Maine and the Rhine, with Castel on the right bank of the Rhine as tête de pont. The town belongs to the Grand Duchy of Hessen Darmstadt, and contains 26,000 inhabitants. The garrison amounts, we hear, to 6000 infantry and 200 cavalry, equal parts Austrian and Prussian, and one battalion of Hessians. The war garrison would amount to 20,682 infantry and 600 cavalry. Of these Austria and Prussia each furnish 6700 infantry and 300 cavalry; the remaining 6682 are obtained from the reserve infantry division. The governor and commandant are appointed every five years in turn by Austria and Prussia. |