From one doubt at any rate she was speedily relieved. A little later she adds, "My husband's kindness makes up all." What oppressed her most was the "cruel thought" which formed the subject of her hourly prayers-the awful chance, of which William himself spoke with apprehension, that her husband and he whom she "dare no more name father" might meet personally in battle.

Very touching, too, are the passages in which she depicts her loneliness, save for her trust in God, and her sense of being forsaken when during William's absence the responsibility of government was thrown upon her. With what shrewd though quiet observation, however, she judged of the men about her may be gathered from her description of the Council of Nine whom the king left to support her during his campaign in Ireland:

"Lord President was the person the king had particularly recommended to me, and he was one to whom I must ever own great obligations, yet of a temper I can never like. Lord Stuart the king had likewise recommended as one might be trusted and must be complemented, but he I found weak and obstinate, made a meer tool by a party. Lord Chamberlain too lazy to give himself the trouble of bussiness, so of litle use; Lord Pembroke is as mad as most of his family, tho' very good natured and a man of honour, but not very steady, as I found in the bussiness of Lord Torrington. Lord Nottingham was suspected by most as not true to the Government. None would trust or have anything to do with him, tho' in the post he was he must do all. The king believed him an honest man, tho' he was thought to violent for his party. Lord Monmouth is mad, and his wife who is mader governs him. I knew him deeply engaged in Scotland, and not much to be trusted, yet must know all. I will say nothing of Lord Marlborough because 'tis he I could say the most of, and can never deserve either trust or esteem. Sir John Louthere, a very honest but weak man, yet chief of the treasury. Mr. Russell was most recommended to me for sincerity, yet he had his faults."

Among the letters to the Princess Sophia in the second part of the book are some both from William and James II. With the exception of the following truculent notice of William by his father-in-law they contain little of interest. James trusts that other princes may follow the good that other princes may follow the good example of the Duke of Hanover,

"that they may no longer contribut to support the vemper who has brought nothing but ruin and desolation over all Christindome, which must still continue so long as he subsists."

Space has permitted us to mention only a few of the points which attract us in these simple records. They are not, as we have said, historically very important; they are not humorous; but the contrast between the gentle character of Mary and the times of danger and confusion in which she lived is as strikingly expressed as it was in fact complete.

In His Own Hand. By Mrs. G. Linnæus
Glamour. By Wanderer.
Banks. 3 vols. (White & Co.)
nenschein & Co.)
Only One Other.

3 vols. (Son

By Frederick Warren. 2 vols. (Remington & Co.) The Radical's Daughter. By a Peer's Son. (Longmans & Co.)

Douglas Archdale: a Tale of Lucknow. By C. M. K. Phipps. (London Literary Society.)

'MITRE COURT' is a very good specimen of Mrs. Riddell's work. It is brighter than some of her later novels have been, and the interest of the story is maintained without the help of any ghastly incidents. It is rather too long, but this defect is balanced by the fact that the second volume is, contrary to custom, the best of the three. The scene is, of course, laid in the City, and the chief picturesque interest is centred about an old house in Botolph Lane, Aldgate, the Mitre Court which gives its name to the book not being that by the Temple, and, in fact, not having any special importance in the story. The old house, supposed to have been Wren's, is described in Mrs. Riddell's charming manner, and a whole chapter is devoted to a lament over the destruction which is rapidly removing everything venerable in the City. She may be pardoned for the digression, especially as after delivering herself of her angry sorrow she does not again interrupt the course of her story. She has introduced many varieties of character, and has described them all well. Although there is little but praise to be spoken of what she has done, it is possible to regret that the story never takes the reader out into the open country which she can draw so well, and which she has at times-and notably, of course, in 'George Geith'-used so effectively as a contrast to her pictures of City courts and alleys.

'Green Pleasure and Grey Grief' is what many of its readers will be inclined to call a sweetly pretty story. There is no question full of delightful love-making, and is told as to its sweetness and prettiness, for it is with dainty tenderness by one who understands both idyllic love and the art of romantic writing.

The author is never tired of describing the happy intercourse evident zest the fortunes of three pairs of of fresh young hearts, and follows with lovers through the chequered course of their mutual passion. Perhaps her story would have been better described by an inversion of the title, for the grey grief is not allowed to overwhelm the pleasure of any character who figures in its pages. No doubt there is grief enough to make an effective contrast, and to justify the many quotations from Mr. Swinburne, which would otherwise fall rather flat. It was Mr. Swinburne who christened the principal heroine Dolores. She is made to live up to her name through a certain number of chapters; but all comes right for her in the end. The greenness

of her life, and of the lives of her equally fortunate friends, is almost too vivid to be natural-a fault which the majority of readers will easily forgive.

'Dedham Park' stands out from the ordinary run of novels in virtue of a rather happy combination of social description with an inoffensive moral purpose. Apart from some pretty love-making between Dudley Braid word, eldest son of an old Tory baronet, and Winifred Jardine, daughter of a Radical manufacturer, and a counterplot of the same kind the parties to which are Frank Denison, High Church rector from St. Ingulphus of Privy Council fame, and Nora, the charming daughter of the baronet, the story is the rector's views and their enlargement mostly concerned with the modification of to a liberal catholicity. He learns by experience not to despise either the aid of an old blind basket-maker who is fighting irregularly, but with more effect than himself, against vice and ignorance, or the predilection of the village worthies, Mr. Puttock (who farms his own land), Mr. Pender, and Mr. Bennett, for the church ceremonies of their youth, wherein their respective violins and flutes took an honoured part. The book shows an intimate acquaintance with English country life, and whenever somewhat larger questions present themselves to the numerous interlocutors in the discussions that arise the author indicates considerable powers of taking a broad and temperate view of modern problems. The characters are sufficiently individualized, and the dialogue is natural. Some solecisms occur; for instance, "like" in the sense of "as with a verb, a mistake frequently repeated.

Mrs. Banks has made the life of William Hutton, the Birmingham bookseller, the groundwork of her novel. Her careful acquisition of facts in regard to the appearance of the Midland towns in the last century, and her successful reproduction of such matters as the unlovely Midland dialect, will make her book acceptable to local readers, while the story of Hutton's life is in many ways interesting. Its interest is hardly derived, however, from his own personality, for a more typical presentment of the meaner side of the qualities usually attributed to his sect it would be difficult to

find.

The story interwoven with Hutton's biography is well told. One cannot but feel whose love for the family (i.e., her brothers, sympathy with the sturdy elder sister, her husband having been ruthlessly excluded from that circle) is really the source of William's fortune; with the hapless Susannah Prince, whose tender heart is far too good with slow and steady Thomas Hutton, a to be shared with William's money-bags; better man than his brother; and with the West family, above all with "Vill" and high-spirited Cordelia Carew. Poachers and highwaymen, old-fashioned race meetings, stately manners and rough, glimpses of old Charnwood and Sherwood, and of the life of Nottingham, Derby, and Birmingham in the eighteenth century, render the volumes both picturesque and instructive.

A mariage de convenance and its consequences in the case of a man who is at once handsome, amiable, and weak-these are the materials which Wanderer has worked up into three somewhat long-drawn volumes.

9

But if the plot in its outlines is modelled closely upon that of nineteen out of every twenty French novels or plays, there is nothing in the treatment of it calculated to affront the most prudish reader. The fact is that Glamour is a fair sample of the respectable mediocrity attained by some. hundreds of novels every year, and sorely tests the ingenuity of the critic to find words other than negative wherewith to pass a verdict. The characters are conventional in the extreme, and a great deal too much space is devoted to chronicling the peculiarities of an excessively tiresome class of City people. By far the best portions of the story are those in which the traits of English and Italian character are illustrated by their contact in the society of an Italian "health resort."

In style and sentiment Mr. Warren's story is in such absolute contrast with the work of contemporary novelists, that it might well have been written at the period which it endeavours to describe-the palmy days of the East India Company. Unfortunately the characterization is not equal to this consistency, and the long windedness of narrative and dialogue only increases the insipidity of the whole. When the hero smokes a

cigar in the porch of a farmhouse, it is said that "the rich aroma of the Cuban leaf detracted nothing from the fragrance of the atmosphere." The vigour and familiarity with which Mr. Warren treats of nautical matters would seem to indicate that he is capable of writing a good old-fashioned story of sea life. But a novelist who adopts the diction of Rasselas starts with a serious disadvantage in the race for popularity, and, with no special novelty to offer in plot or episode, can hardly expect to find a numerous circle of readers.

'The Radical's Daughter' is a clever, amusing, and opportune novelette, and forms a sort of pendant to that brilliant, but bitter sketch of American democracy which appeared anonymously a few seasons back. The new writer, whose assumed of name is perhaps the only instance bad taste in his pages, has turned to excellent account a close observation of the cleavage wrought by modern politics in the society of the Midland and Northern counties. We do not suppose that Manchester or Birmingham people will relish all his remarks, but he refrains from hackneyed charges against parvenu households, and rightly insists on many points usually overlooked, as, for example, the cultivation and attractiveness so frequently observable in the wives and daughters of self-made men. The dialogue is mainly political, varied by some amusing love passages, but is usually fresh and vigorous. Amongst other good things is an admirable description of a Northern political meeting. But even apart from politics there is much to divert the reader in The Radical's Daughter.'

'Douglas Archdale' would not be a bad story if the author knew anything about military matters and Anglo-Indian life and ideas. It is surprising to learn that in October, 1856, it was the practice of Calcutta bankers to cool the atmosphere of the library by means of "tiny fountains of perfumed water." The particular banker referred to is represented as waiting calmly in his library for the arrival by steam from Eng

land of his only daughter, yet we are given to understand that he is most desirous to have her with him. The young lady can hardly have believed in the affection of a father who contented himself with sending his carriage for her to "the quay": we may observe that there was no “ quay " then in

existence. The girl after a quarter of an hour's drive in a comfortable carriage from a P. and O. steamer needed a visit to her room "to remove the stains of water." The bhistis, evidently confounded with the mehters, are spoken of as "a very low The wife of the comlot altogether."

missioner of Shahjehanpur passes the hot part of the day in a hammock in the sitting room. It is somewhat strange and unusual, to say the least of it, that a clergyman of the Church of England and his wife should, on arriving at Calcutta during the Mutiny, have been lodged by a Hindoo But we need not give any merchant. further instances of improbabilities; the book is full of them, but those readers who are not Anglo-Indians will be in happy ignorance of the author's disqualifications for writing a story about India.

CHRISTMAS BOOKS.

With the King at Oxford.

By Prof. A. J.

Church. (Seeley & Co.) On Honour's Roll: Tales of Heroism in the Nineteenth Century. By Mrs. Valentine. (Warne & Co.)

Lena Graham. By C. Selby Lowndes. (Same publishers.)

Twelve Old Friends. By Georgiana M. Craik. Conjuror Dick. By Angelo J. Lewis. (Warne (Sonnenschein & Co.) & Co.)

A Crippled Robin. By M. E. Winchester. (Seeley & Co.)

Kate Greenaway's Almanack for 1886. (Routledge & Sons.)

Kate Greenaway's Alphabet. (Same publishers.) PROF. CHURCH'S second Christmas book, 'With the King at Oxford,' is better written and has much more veracity than 'Two Thousand Years Ago,' lately reviewed by us. It has, however, the same defects as the other book. It has no more plot than the old novels of the road, and describes merely a series of incidents about which Prof. Church happens to know something and which one person might easily have witnessed. The king in question is, of course, Charles I., and the tale is the autobiography of a scholar of Lincoln College, who fought at Naseby, was present at Charles's execution, and, after a singular escape from slavery, settled down at Rotterdam, presumably until the Restoration. The narrative is largely interspersed with verbatim quotations from documents of the time, but these are not purple patches, for Prof. Church knows very well how to imitate English of the seventeenth century. The earlier pages contain some slips, not all due to the printer; but these are not so important as to spoil the The book is handsomely "got up," and contains many interesting reproductions of old prints. Mrs. Valentine has used the scissors to good purpose. There is not an original word in her book, which is composed of tales selected from newspapers, magazines, &c. Those who remember the Russo-Turkish war will read again with pleasure the vivid description of the defence of Plevna from the pen of the war correspondent Klea and Abu Kru and the rescue of Sir of the Daily Telegraph. The battles of Abu Charles Wilson have been so recently described in the newspapers that it is scarcely time as yet to reprint accounts of them. The defence of Rorke's Drift finds a place in these pages, in

real value of the excellent sketches of the times.

which are also to be found copious extracts from the Century and other American magazines.

Mrs. Selby Lowndes understands children's thoughts and ways. Lena Graham' is not the young children. Its teaching is unexceptionable. first pretty story which she has written for very

Gustave Doré illustrated twelve well-known fables of Æsop, and these have been elaborated in a conversational manner with a view to making them more agreeable reading for children. A boy of the highest moral principles and courage, disgusted with his home, runs away and takes up with a "prestidigitateur." He gives explanations of many well-known tricks, exposes some of the more seamy sides of vaga bond life, and after a curious career, humorously described, returns to the bosom of his family, having been left a fortune. Boys will thoroughly enjoy Mr. Lewis's book.

Mrs. Winchester has written a rather prolix story of a waif who eventually becomes a cele brated painter. It possesses some interest and its morality is perfect. The tale may encourage those who take an interest in gutter children or in penny banks.

eminently popular in the nursery, and will also Miss Greenaway's two little volumes will be delight people of maturer growth.

LOCAL HISTORY.

The Somersetshire Archeological and Natura! History Society: Proceedings during the Year 1884. (Taunton, Hammond; London, Long mans & Co.)-The Report of the Council and description of the excursions occupy by far too large a space in this volume. The casual re marks made by certain persons who have, as far as we are aware, no especial right to be heard on questions of archaeology or natural history are all very well in the columns of a serving in a permanent form. The work of local newspaper, but are really not worth pre

what is called restoration seems to be going on in Somersetshire with the usual vigour. Prof. Freeman pointed out that in the village of Croscombe "nearly every house was an old building, and a great many of them were ancient houses. These were perishing day by day. Two years ago he saw that one of the best doorways in Croscombe was utterly destroyed Many of these small bits of interesting antiquities had been swept away during the_last twenty years for no reason whatever. They perished daily, and no one seemed to care any thing about them. If the owner were a rich man, and lived a long way off, he probably did not know of their existence; and if he were s poor man, he swept the relics away in sheer ignorance.'

Mr. Freeman might have added that it is even more important to save the few remains we have of the humbler kinds of domestic architecture than it is churches, castles, and mansions. Of these we have many examples, and it is not probable, whatever the future may have in store for us, that they will all perish or be restored past recognition; but the remains of the cottages and yeomen's dwellings are very rare and of exceeding importance to all who wish to have an accurate picture of the past in their minds. A properly instructed person can reproduce for himself a not very incorrect picture of what his parish church was like before the Reformation, the churchwardens, and the restorers had done their best to spoil it; but we do not think that any of us can feel as if we had gossiped on the ale-bench or feasted in the farmhouse kitchen when Edward IV. was king, The volume contains one paper which is of historical importance, as it disentangles a knot which has puzzled every one who has written on and his Parliament. That William Strode, ho the history of the struggle between Charles L appears from time to time as an active colonel me of the five members, and William Strode who

but it has the side of the Parliament were not the same

been left for Mr. Green to accurately distinguish between the two. William Strode the greater, as we may call him for the sake of distinction, died, it seems, in 1645, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, Gasper Hicks preaching the William Strode the less, the colonel of the Civil War pamphlets, died in 1666, and was buried at Barrington. The Rev. C. M. Church contributes a useful paper on the Prebends of Dinder,' and the Rev. H. M. Scarth some interesting remarks on 'Roman Cookery.'

sermon

The Journal of William Dowsing, of Stratford, Parliamentary Visitor appointed under a Warrant from the Earl of Manchester for demolishing the Superstitious Pictures and Ornaments of Churches within the County of Suffolk in the Years 1643-1644. A New Edition by Rev. C. H. Evelyn White. (Ipswich, Pawsey & Hayes.) A new edition of Dowsing's curious diary has long been wanted, and we are thankful to Mr. White for having produced the present reprint 1. in so very creditable a manner. The notes, which he has wisely consigned to the end of the volume, are not worth much, and some of them-such, for instance, as that on representations of the first Person of the Trinity, a dissertation on which may be read in Didron's 'Iconographie Chrétienne' -should certainly have been omitted. We are, however, so thankful to have the book at hand for reference that we are not inclined to find much fault when faint traces of theological narrowness are found blended with archæological knowledge. William Dowsing was a man of gentle blood, or at least of an upper-class yeoman race. He seems to have been among the least reasonable of the Presbyterians. Perhaps it was on that account that he received a commission from the Earl of Manchester to purge the churches of Suffolk of "superstitious" objects. The harm he did is something terrible to contemplate. The churches suffered much from an ignorant soldiery, as they have done from other ignorant persons in more recent days; but we believe that a career such as Dowsing's was very uncommon. The Suffolk churches must have been remarkably rich in stained glass which had escaped all the storms of the Reformation. At one place (Clare), the diarist says, we brake down 1,000 Pictures superstitious." Even if we do not claim for him that amount of accuracy which would lead him to count each separate figure, the numbers imply a great multitude. That he was careful to count exactly in some cases, at least, is proved by the fact that he says that at another place (Bramford) brake down 841 superstitious Pictures." sionally he tells us what the pictures represented. At Rushmere was one of the seven deadly sins. It is much to be deplored that this picture has perished. Such things occur in illuminations, but we are not aware of a single perfect representation of the deadly sins in stained glass. Fragments of such a composition remain in a window in the church of Newark. Gluttony is fairly perfect, and is portrayed as a man with a bowl in his hand, and a jug-probably a leathern jack-attached to his belt. In one of the churches at Ipswich there were representations of angels with stars on their breasts. These were no doubt the angels of the planets who so often occur in mediæval art and legend. Crosses were, as a matter of course, destroyed wherever they were found, and Dowsing notes in his concise way what must have seemed to him a shocking piece of idol-worship. The high constable of Frostenden told him that within two months past he had himself seen a man "bow to the cross on the steeple and put off his hat to it." It must have been some satisfaction to Dowsing to discover that the person who conducted himself thus was an Irishman. There is some evidence that the work of destruction in which Dowsing was engaged was at times very distasteful to the people. At Cockie there were pictures in the windows which the iconoclast and those with him could not reach, and no one in the place could be got to help them to raise the ladders.

we

Occa

to

Her

In Staffordshire, as elsewhere, they seem have been much rarer than is usually supposed. Our search has, however, been rewarded by the discovery of two ladies with very strange names. Late in the reign of Elizabeth one of the Chetwynds married a woman who is described as Atalanta, the daughter of Robert Huick. surname indicates that she may possibly have been of Dutch or Flemish race. Mr. Grazebrook mentions a lady who was buried in 1696, who bore the name Meliorum. Is it not possible that in this case the person who wrote the register from which he quotes may have blundered?

Collections for a History of Staffordshire. Vol. V., Part II. The Heraldic Visitations of Staffordshire made by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy, in 1614, and by Sir William Dugdale, Norroy, in the Years 1663 and 1664. Edited and annotated by H. Sydney Grazebrook. (Mitchell & Hughes.) -The two heraldic visitations which are included in this volume will be of great use to genealogists and local historians. Like almost everything which proceeded from the old heralds, they abound in blunders, but their errors are for the most part of a harmless nature. Wrong Christian names are often given, and sometimes a generation has been allowed to drop out. We find little of the conscious imposture which disfigures so History of the County Buildings of Northampmany modern books, where men whose an- tonshire: the County Gaol, the County Hall, the cestors were peasants or yeomen endeavour to Judges' Lodgings, and County Bridewells. By persuade the world, and perhaps themselves Christopher A. Markham. (Northampton, also, that, because there is some similarity in Taylor & Son.)-The only fault to be found names, they are therefore sprung from lines with this useful little pamphlet is that the illuswhich have been famous in history. One absurd trations are needlessly rude. Even plans and instance of this sort of vanity is, however, pointed buildings ugly in themselves need not be preout by the editor. The pedigree of Terrick of sented in a fashion which reminds us of the enClayton Griffith was entered in 1663, and Dug-gravings which adorn the volumes that were at dale permitted the arms of the Lincolnshire Tyrwhitts to be borne by these people with only a border for difference. We are told in a note that in other heraldic documents, not given here at length, it is distinctly affirmed that the Terricks are of the line of Tyrwhitt. To disprove such a statement is obviously impossible; but it is so extremely improbable that it may be dismissed without examination. The lineage of the Tyrwhitts has been carefully studied by more than one genealogist possessed of accurate knowledge, and no Staffordshire branch has been discovered which can in any way be made to connect itself with these people. The true derivation of the name has, we believe, been discovered by Mr. Grazebrook. Terrick, he tells us, is a form of Tellwright, that is Tilewright, one who makes tiles. Had this absurd endeavour after a remote gentility been made in the nineteenth century we should have been amused only, as it occurred in the seventeenth we are surprised also. Those who believe that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the officials of the College of Arms had a complete control over the coats of arms of the gentry will be not a little astonished by some of the revelations in the pages before us. As a matter of fact, though the heralds possessed then certain ill-defined powers which they have now lost, what were called usurped arms were relatively very nearly as common as they are at the present time. Entries like the following are of frequent occurrence : Respite given for proofe of the armes, but no proofe made"; yet in some instances it could be proved, and in most it is practically certain, that the persons so respited continued to use their marks of family distinction just as if the heralds had cast no slur on them. In some cases no doubt new coats were invented without the intervention of the heralds, but in many instances we believe the bearings were of great antiquity, and had been handed down from father to son from a time long before the heralds were incorporated. We could mention several coats which are not even now on the heralds' registers, yet which, to one skilled in the science of blazon, indicate that they were used long before the complex bearings of the Tudor and Stuart times were ever dreamt of. Another reason why some arms which have been in use for ages seem to have no heraldic authority is that the College of Arms, like other ancient bodies, does not possess a complete series of records. Dugdale himself, in the volume before us, has transcribed a pedigree of Biddulph from a paper which was itself an extract from a visitation book "which is not now to be found in the Heraulds' Office." The volume has a serviceable index. We have examined it for the purpose of ascertaining whether the outlandish Scriptural names in which certain novelists and writers of satire have delighted were abnormally common after the Reformation.

one time vended in the shops on London Bridge. The text of the book is really instructive as an illustration of the gradual but slow growth of that feeling which its enemies call "humanitarianism," and others justice. The ordinary readers of this generation have no notion of what our prisons were like before Howard began to direct attention to them. The present tract contains few revolting details; but it is clear that at Northampton, as elsewhere, things were in most evil plight. In the beginning of this century, on the bar of the Criminal Court of the Northampton County Hall there was fastened an iron instrument or machine resembling a handcuff, which was used for inflicting the torture known as burning the hand. On this savage instrument was the motto, "Come not here again." We do not know when the authorities left off inflicting this punishment for petty thefts, but the Acts of Parliament by which it was rendered legal were not repealed until 1827. Mr. Markham does not tell us what has become of this relic of savagery. If in existence, it is as well worth preserving as the ducking-stools and scolds' bridles which are to be found in some local museums. We were, of course, aware that in former days justices of the peace had in certain places capital jurisdiction. We did not, however, know until Mr. Markham informed us that at Peterborough "the Sessions exercises power over all crime," and that within the memory of men of the present generation prisoners tried before that court have had the sentence of death passed on them. He does not, however, go on to say that the sentence was ever, in recent days, followed by execution. It would be an interesting matter for the inquiry of some legal antiquary when the lords of manors, courts of quarter sessions, and other such bodies lost the power they once had of putting their fellow creatures to death.

Old Nottinghamshire. Second Series. Edited by John Potter Briscoe. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.)-The second series of Old Nottinghamshire' is inferior to the first. The idea of gathering in occasional volumes such stray fragments of new knowledge as come to light is good, but a wise discretion has not been exercised. The first article in the book, on 'The Raising of the Royal Standard at Nottingham,' is a case in point. It contains nothing that has not been recounted in much better language many times before. Mr. Broadhurst's paper on English Church Plate,' on the contrary, is very good, and of that by Mr. Toplis, on the tradesmen's tokens of Nottinghamshire during the seventeenth century, it would not be easy to speak in too high terms. We trust, if any future volumes of Old Nottinghamshire' appear, that the editor will give his readers more articles of the character of that by Mr. Toplis, and exclude all material that may be found in common books of reference. We do not remember that a

single one of the parish registers of this county has been printed, and we are sure that there are hundreds of wills and inventories of Nottinghamshire men and women awaiting the printing

press.

for escape.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

English Life in China, by Major Henry Knollys (Smith, Elder & Co.), is a thoroughly bad book-inaccurate, inconsistent, and full of exaggerations. The author says in his preface that the statements contained in it were taken down day by day in shorthand......while the authenticity of the facts has been safe-guarded by subsequent careful revision." If it had not been for the last clause, we might have supposed that some, at least, of his mistakes had arisen from the misreadings of his shorthand notes, but the author has himself closed this loophole What the nature of the revision could have been it is difficult to imagine. On all subjects connected with the Chinese he is curiously misinformed. According to him their religion consists of "idiotic superstitions "; infanticide is universal; and as to their food, "milk is only consumed under circumstances too filthy for publication, and the small coarse fish like Thames dace or tench, the little lumps of fat pork or reeking semi-putrid viscera of their unhealthy swine, can only be regarded as subsidiary adjuncts to impart flavour to the staple bulk of rice." These wild and sweeping statements are of themselves sufficient to condemn the book, and they are but examples of those with which its pages abound. But Major Knollys does not even consider it necessary to be consistent for two or three pages together. In describing a Chinese dinner to which he went, and where he met "four young Chinese ladies of about twenty years old," he says that "any semblance of a free and easy or disrespectful demeanour towards them was instantly quietly and indignantly resented." And in the next page but one he retails a conversation he held with one of the four in which

occurs this passage: "That bracelet is very pretty. Will you permit me to examine it somewhat more in detail?' There' (suddenly chucks it into my lap; then gabble clatter, gabble clatter). I want the pin you have got on your neck' (and she makes a grab at my pearl scarfpin, on which the curious eyes of all the women are fixed). I(trying to soften my refusal with a deprecatory bow), Really, really,' and then seeing a corporeal struggle impending, Well, then, I tell you fairly, I won't.' Scoffing mimicry of me and much anger." These quotations speak for themselves, and our readers will be able to judge from them the kind of book which Major Knollys has thought it worth while to offer to the public.

MESSRS. ROUTLEDGE have sent us a very convenient edition of Byron's Poetical Works in

with Notes and Exercises, by B. Arnett (Bell),— Supplement to Euclid and his Modern Rivals,' by C. L. Dodgson (Macmillan),-A Practical German Grammar and Reader for the Use of Students, by E. Beyer (Nutt),-Representation, by Sir John Lubbock, Bart. (Sonnenschein), Imperial Federation, by the Right Hon. the pean Concert in the Eastern Question, by T. E. Marquis of Lorne (Sonnenschein),-The EuroHolland (Frowde), -The History of the Surplus Revenue of 1837, by E. G. Bourne (Putnam's),

de Venise, par W. Shakespeare, Acte I., traduit en Vers Français par E. R. (Hachette),-Eraclito Efesio, by E. Soulier (Rome, Artero),-Probe lieder und Liederproben, by W. Heinrich (Trübner), and La Vauderie dans les Etats de Philippe Bon, by A. Duverger (Arras, Moullé).

LIST OF NEW BOOKS. ENGLISH, Theology.

Browne's (Right Rev. E. H.) Doctrine of the Church of Eng
land on Holy Communion, cr. 8vo. 2/6 cl.
Carpenter's (Rev. W. B. Truth in Tale, Addresses chiefly to
Children, cr. 8vo. 4/6 cl.
Church's (R. W.) Discipline of the Christian Character, 4 cl.

cr. 8vo. 2/ cl.

Ellicott's (C. J) Are we to modify Fundamental Doctriae?
Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, Authorized
Version, 1611, with Notes by D. P. Chase, cr. 8vo. 25 d.
Goodhart's (Rev. C. A.) Hints and Outlines for Children's
Services (on Church Lines), cr. 8vo. 2/ cl.
Shaw's (Rev. W. F.) Manual for Communicants' Classes, 36
Law.

Clifton's (R. W.) The Rights and Liabilities of Innkeepers,
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d

rooms,

readful, glimmering light about thy brows? hy silent home should be among the tombs." 1 the Ghost answers, while I thrill with fear, 1 all the world I have no home but here." PHILIP BOURKE MARSTON.

d

KEATS AT GUY'S HOSPITAL.

Forest Hill, Dec. 2, 1885.

opposite a Baptist chapel, was in my time (twelve years after) noted for quasi-coaching medical students at private schools there. W. RENDLE.

THE BYRON QUARTO.

33, Tedworth Square, Chelsea, Dec. 7, 1885. Ir is certainly worth while to persevere in a search for the copy of the little book which contains the line I have quoted in Notes and Queries, for I well remember having read those words in the, I think, small octavo volume which was lent to me by the late Mrs. Becher. This copy, which was not sent to the Byron Loan Collection in 1875, is perfect in every particular, and contains the offending stanzas. The Newstead copy is not complete. Since reading the article in the Athenaeum I have turned to the copy of Karl Elze's Life of Byron' which I bought (for old association's sake) at the shop of Mr. Ridge at Newark, on September 30th, 1872, a few days after my visit to Southwell. In this copy I find, on p. 447, the following note, which I wrote at the time: "I have seen the first copy. The line runs thus :

Through the cracks in thy walls do the hollow winds whistle."

I

I did not mention this matter to my friend, the able translator of Elze's 'Life,' because I thought it not impossible that his pen had slipped-a most unlikely thing, I now admit— nor did I then deem the error of much importance. I am now inclined to think that my friend may possibly have seen another copy, and not the one which Mrs. Becher showed to me. This copy, with several letters which have never been printed, was taken from a strong box kept in a remote portion of the house. well remember Mrs. Becher telling me that " all these things were not easily accessible, being safely locked up in a box." When, some years afterwards, I revisited Southwell, I asked Mrs. Becher to allow me to have another peep at that precious copy. I had sufficient reasons for wishing to glance at the title-page and once more to peruse the suppressed stanzas. Unfortunately, the Fates were against me. Mrs. Becher told me that the book was difficult to get at, but kindly suggested my calling upon her in a few days, when I should have every facility for examining the “ 'Byron treasures.' This was neighbourhood on the following day, and on my not to be. I was obliged to leave that charming next visit to Southwell it was all too late.

RICHARD EDGCUMBE.

IN Cowden Clarke's recollections of Keats, viewed in a past Athenæum, the poet is more in once noted as a medical student at St. omas's Hospital. Upon that you printed a nmunication of mine in correction-that ats was specially not a St. Thomas's, but a 's student, his name appearing under a headGuy's, as distinguished from St. Thomas's, in hospital account books, on the same page with mas Wakley, founder of the Lancet, coroner member for Finsbury, and Edward Grainger. This last week I have, by favour of Dr. Steele the secretary of Guy's, made a further inection, and I find these conclusive entries : ct. 1, 1815. John Keats (No. 57) 6 mo. ace of education, Mr. T. Hammond, Edton. Office fee, 1. 2s." Another entry, ressers of the surgeons, Guy's Hospital": pupil, "Oct. 2, 1815, John Keats"; as iresser, March 3, 1816." "Under whom, L." Mr. Lucas, here referred to, was surto Guy's 1799-1824, and had for his ague Astley Cooper, afterwards Sir Astley, -1841. Keats would probably look to these as his teachers, and he was rather deft at gery. In similar registers, now kept at St. 10mas's, 1812 and again, I find an entry which ght mislead a casual looker-on,-John Keal, rtainly not Keats. From this and the fact at the pupils of each hospital did, as a matter Course, attend the practice of the other, this istake has no doubt arisen. Keats paid a fee i this amount 61. 6s. appears to have been entry at Guy's as Mr. Lucas's pupil of 251. 4s.; turned, at this moment I cannot tell why. may have eluded Pigot's grasp. Dean Street, Tooley Street, where Keats lived, was ready for presentation in November. Of

P.S.-Since writing the above I have gone more closely into the question of dates, with the following result. I must premise that, being abroad, I did not happen to see the commencement of this discussion. It seems to be inferred that the quarto of 1806 (which contains, among other things, poems dated October and November, 1806) was the first printed collection of Lord Byron's juvenilia. This assumption is obviously erroneous. The copy to which I have alluded must have been printed some time previous to August 10th, 1806.

11

e

In a letter to Miss Pigot, dated London, August 10th, 1806, Byron writes: "I presume the printer has brought you the offspring of my poetic mania. Remember in the first line to read loud the winds whistle,' instead of 'round,' which that blockhead Ridge has inserted by mistake, and makes nonsense of the whole stanza." On the 16th of August Byron desires his friend Pigot to order Ridge to suspend the printing of his poems till further notice, as he is resolved "to give them a new form entirely." Ten days later Byron requests Pigot to send the poems to his lodgings in London immediately, as he has "several alterations and some additions to make." Byron is particular to state that he requires every copy to be sent, as he is about to amend them. This injunction may possibly not have been complied with, and the copy which I saw

The quarto

this edition, as is well known, every copy save two (there may perchance have been another) was destroyed. In January, 1807, a new edition of one hundred copies was struck off; these were barely out of hand when Byron began to comThis edition was pile the Hours of Idleness.' ready on the 30th of June, 1807, and by the 13th of July fifty copies had been sold.

GREEK FOLK-SONGS AND THE SCIENCE OF
FOLK-LORE.

Athenæum Club, Nov. 30, 1885.

IN your suggestive review of my edition of 'Greek Folk-songs' you note certain omissions, but not that one which I myself most regret, namely, the essay originally intended for this book, and written in the beginning of 1884, on those general principles of the classification of folk-lore from which the classification of folk-songs, if it is of a scientific character, must be derived. Folk-lore and the classification of its subjects is now attracting very considerable attention. And I trust, therefore, that you will permit me briefly to state the main principles of that classification of folk lore from which my division of folk songs into (1) mythological, (2) affectional, and (3) historical is

derived.

I. Folk-lore is knowledge of folk-life, or the life of the uncultured classes, as distinguished from culture-lore, knowledge of individualized life, or the life of the cultured classes; and the generalizations arising from these two knowledges are complementary and mutually corrective divisions of the same mental and moral sciences.'

II. The natural classification of the subjects of folk lore, defined as knowledge of folk-life, must correspond with the psychological elements of folk-life, which again must correspond with the general facts of human consciousness and of human faculty.

III. The psychological elements of folk-life are (1) folk-beliefs, (2) folk-passions, and (3) folk-traditions; and as folk-lore is knowledge of folk-life, these, therefore, are the natural divisions also of the subjects of folk-lore. But note that astrology, magic, and witchcraft are the physical sciences of the comparatively cultured classes of primitive society, and therefore do not belong to folk-lore at all, save in so far as they have influenced folk-beliefs and survive in the expressions of folk-life.

IV. The expressions of each of the three elements of folk-life-folk-beliefs, folk-passions, and folk-traditions-are to be found in (1) customs, (2) sayings, and (3) poesy; these are, therefore, the natural headings for the registration of the facts of folk-lore; and these facts, when so registered, form the three natural classes of the records of folk-lore.

V. Folk-customs, folk - sayings, and folkof them, expressions of folk-beliefs, of folkpoesy as expressions of folk-life comprise, each passions, and of folk-traditions; and hence folkceremonies, and (3) usages (games being procustoms may be classified as (1) festivals, (2) bably, for the most part, survivals of festal or ceremonial rites); folk-sayings may be classified (proverbs, jests, and riddles), and (3) forecasts as (1) recipes (medical and other), (2) saws (weather-lore, &c.); and folk-poesy may be classified as (1) stories, (2) songs, and (3) sagas.

Summarizing the above principles in a scheelements of folk-life and subjects of folk-lore: matic form, they appear as follows:-The I. Folk-beliefs; II. Folk-passions; III. Folk-traditions. The expressions of folk-life and records of folk-lore: I. Folk-customs: (1) festivals, (2) II. Folk-sayings: (1) III. Folk-poesy: recipes, (2) saws, (3) forecasts. (1) stories, (2) songs (mythological, affectional, and historical), (3) sagas.

ceremonies, (3) usages.

J. S. STUART GLENNIE.