THE SOCIAL RESULTS OF EARLY CHRISTIANITY. SOME REMINISCENCES of MY LIFE.

56, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON, E.C.

STANDARD BOOKS FOR

TORY of ENGLAND from the ACCESSION of HISTORY of ENGLAND from the ACCESSION of

ISTORY of ENGLAND, from the Fall of Wolsey The LIFE and TIMES of JESUS the MESSIAH.

[ORT STUDIES on GREAT SUBJECTS. 4 vols. An EXPOSITION of the XXXIX. ARTICLES,

HOMAS CARLYLE, a History of his Life in PRINCIPLES of POLITICAL ECONOMY.

London, from 1834 to his Death in 1881. With Portrait engraved on Steel. 2 vols. 8vo.

RICHARD BENTLEY & SON'S HURST & BLACKETT'S KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH

LIST OF NEW BOOKS AND NEW

EDITIONS,

NOW READY AT ALL BOOKSELLERS'.

POPULAR EDITION OF

The LIFE of LORD PALMERSTON.
With Selections from his Diaries and Correspondence.
By the Hon. EVELYN ASHLEY, M.P. In 2 vols.
crown 8vo. 128.

ILLUSTRATED BY STURGESS.

The COACHING AGE. By Stanley

HARRIS, Author of Old Coaching Days,' &c. In 1 vol.

LIST.

THE REV. A. G. L'ESTRANGE'S NEW WORK.
Now ready, in 2 vols. with Illustrations, 21s.

The PALACE and the HOSPITAL;

Or, Chronicles of Greenwich.

By the Rev. A. G. L'ESTRANGE,
Author of The Village of Palaces,' &c.

"Mr. L'Estrange's volumes will well repay perusal, and readers who
may not be well versed in English history will gather from them in-
formation, agreeably told, as to many matters besides Greenwich Palace
Hospital."-Queen

"Mr. L'Estrange has produced a work which is at once informing and agreeable, and it may be heartily recommended."-Globe.

NEW WORK BY MRS. FLORENCE CADDY.
Now ready, 1 vol. with Map of Route, 15s.

demy 8vo. with 16 spirited Full-Page Illustrations on FOOTSTEPS OF JEANNE D'ARC. Stone by John Sturgess.

"Full of anecdotes of old Coachmen and old Coaching houses......with interesting accounts of accidents, road disputes, and adventures in London fogs. The illustrations are by Mr. Sturgess and are extremely good."

St. James's Gazette.

LANDSCAPES BY THE AUTHOR.

A DRIVE THROUGH ENGLAND;

or, a Thousand Miles of Road Travel. By JAMES JOHN HISSEY, Author of An Old-Fashioned Journey.' In 1 vol. demy 8vo. with 20 Full-Page Illustrations, finely engraved by George Pearson, 168.

A NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION OF

The AUTOBIOGRAPHY of EDMUND
YATES. To which is added an Account of his recent

Experiences in HOLLOWAY GAOL. 1 vol. crown 8vo.
with Portrait, 68.

BY THE AUTHOR OF PASTIME PAPERS.'

A PILGRIMAGE.

By Mrs. FLORENCE CADDY.

"A pleasanter Pilgrimage is scarce to be imagined than that contained in this volums."-Bookseller.

MR. FRANCIS LEYLAND'S NEW WORK.
Now ready, in 2 vols. crown 8vo. 21s.

THE BRONTE FAMILY,

With special Reference to Patrick Branwell Brontë.
By FRANCIS A. LEYLAND.

"The Bronte Family' may be accepted as a useful contribution to
the history of an interesting group."-Globe.

THE NEW NOVELS.

THRO' LOVE and WAR. By Violet

FANE, Author of 'Sophy; or, the Adventures of a Savage,' &c.
3 vols.

FAIR KATHERINE.

DALE. 3 vols.

By Darley

LIST.

Large crown 8vo. printed on hand-made paper, parchme cloth, 128.; vellum, 15s.

SPECIMENS of

ENGLISH PROSE S

FROM MALORY TO MACAULAY. Selected and Annotated, with an Introductory Emay SAINTSBURY.

Fifty copies have been printed on large paper. A numbered and signed.

SECOND EDITION, Elzevir 8vo. cloth, gilt top

AT the SIGN of the LYRI

By AUSTIN DOBSON. With Frontispiece by E. A
Tailpiece by A. Parsons.

Crown 8vo. with 63 Illustrations, cloth, 5.

ANTHROPOID APES.

By ROBERT HARTMANN, Professor in the University [International Seven

Large crown 8vo. cloth, 8s. 64.

SCIENTIFIC MELIORISM and the EVOLUTIO of HAPPIN

By JANE HUME CLAPPERTON.

Demy 8vo. cloth, 98.

SALAD for the SOLITARY and The BEAUTY of the WORLD. A LECTURES on PHILOSOPH

A GIRTON GIRL. By Mrs. Annie FREER'S LIFE of JEANNE ANNALS of an EVENTFUL

a Poem in Five Canto

By JOHN RICKARDS MOZLEY.

Small crown Svo. cloth, 58.

The POET in MAY.

By EVELYN PYNE, Author of A Dream of the Gironde."

London: 1, Paternoster-square.

: ARTS-RAPHAEL; GOSSIP

...

...

...

639-641
641-643

...

644-645
645

IC-WEEK; THE DEATH OF ORLANDO GIBBONS;
GOSSIP
MA-GOSSIP

...

LITERATURE

e Life of the late General F. R. Chesney.
By his Wife and Daughter. Edited by
Stanley Lane-Poole. (Allen & Co.)
was desirable that General Chesney's
graphy should be written, for he was not
ly associated with a great enterprise, but
s in all respects a man of marked indi-
uality. Judicious friends ought, how-
er, to have pointed out to his biographers
at there is a virtue in proportion; that,
mirable officer as he was, the public
chiefly interested in General Chesney
cause of the Euphrates scheme; and that
minute details of his childhood and

Gordon, then British Ambassador, hear-
ing of his project, offered to his ex-
pay
penses and obtain an extension of leave
for him, and said that he would not re-
quire much in return, chiefly information
as to whether the provinces were really in
revolt or in a state of defection." Chesney's
mind had been much occupied with the ques-
tion of an overland route to India, and he
touched on the subject with Sir Robert
Gordon before leaving Constantinople in
April, 1830.

the coast. The account of his career, of the
habits of the resident gentry, and of the un-
blushing connivance of the latter with the
smuggler, is interesting, but there is rather
too much of it, as there is also about the
childhood of Francis Chesney, who was born
in 1789 and christened Francis Rawdon, after
his father's patron and friend Lord Moira.
In 1797 Capt. Chesney had raised a com-
pany of yeomanry, and in the following
year he obtained for his son, though only
nine years old, a commission as sub-lieutenant
in the corps. Nor was this a sinecure, for
the boy learned his drill, was duly equipped,
and when the rebellion broke out accom-
panied his comrades to Newry and after-ing the Egyptian and Syrian routes to India.
wards to Kilkeel.

In March, 1803, being then just fourteen years of age, he was sent to Woolwich. Subjected to an examination there, he was found to be not only deficient in English grammar, but below the minimum height of 4 ft. 9 in. He was consequently dispatched to an academy at Walworth, and when he went up again for examination, thanks to cork soles which he was advised to put in his stockings, exceeded the minimum standard of height by a quarter

of an inch. He obtained his commission

at the end of 1804 after a military edu-
cation of only thirteen months; but he
soon found himself plunged in difficulties.
He thought at first that he would be able to
live on his pay, as the mess expenses only
amounted to 18. 6d. a day, and the officers
were very frugal and drank scarcely any
wine. He hated wine himself, but he had
to entertain the numerous military acquaint-
ances daily embarking for foreign service.
His father either would not or could not make
him an allowance, and he at once fell into
debt to a greater extent than he was aware.
His shooting-to which he was passionately
addicted-and billiards, by which he unfortu-
nately was infatuated, added to his debts.
It must be remembered that the lad was
only sixteen years of age, and that he was
placed in a false position. His father at
last paid a portion of his debts, and young
Chesney, fortified by the advice of a steady
brother officer, lived henceforth a life of
rigid self-denial. Moreover, being appointed
acting quartermaster, his pay was
creased, and subsequently Sir Albert Gled-
stanes made him acting aide-de-camp. The
additional pay enabled him to make pro-
gress in paying off his debts at Portsmouth,
but the existence of these debts prevented
him for several years from trying to see
active service. In the beginning of 1813,
however, his circumstances having improved,
he made an attempt, first to join the army in
Spain, and when that failed to obtain per-
mission to serve with the Prussians. He
also made an ineffectual effort to take part
in the Waterloo campaign.

nestic life, an unmerciful lavishness in
ters, and repeated descriptions of his Irish
ne, a few significant touches might with
vantage be substituted. There was hardly
ed for printing 477 pages in demy octavo.
Francis Chesney's grandfather, a farmer
County Antrim, emigrated in 1772 to
uth Carolina, and was prospering when
1775 the rebellion commenced. He was
ardent loyalist, and his eldest son Alex-
der rose to the rank of captain in the
val local levies. In 1782 the young
icer's health broke down from hardship
d grief at the loss of his wife, and having
st everything in the war, he was recom-
ended to return to Ireland. Arriving at
le age of twenty-seven with scarcely a
illing in his pocket, he expected, like the
her loyalists, that he would receive some
mpensation for his sacrifices. For a long
me he suffered from hope deferred, but
ter eighteen months' importunity he
ceived the appointment of tide - waiter
Waterford, whence he was transferred
few weeks later to Belfast. With the
sual improvidence of his countrymen,
e forthwith married again.
Shortly
iter his marriage Alexander Chesney was
warded an allowance of 50%. a year, and
The unsatisfactory issue of a long attach-
e was paid 3987. as compensation for 2,000l. ment led him to seek leave to visit
orth of property destroyed during the war, Turkey during the war of 1828-9. He
he difference being accounted for by the was told, however, to keep out of sight
alue of an appointment as coastguard the real object of his journey, which
fficer at Bangor, county Down. After was to assist the Turks by the counsels of
emaining there two years he exchanged an artillery officer. When he arrived the
with the coastguard officer at Annalong, struggle was at an end, but this expedition
small fishing village in the same was the turning-point of his life.
County, and, till superannuated, did excel-
lent service in holding in check the law-
less smugglers who infested that part of

At Alexandria the consulgeneral handed over to him a list of queries drawn up by Peacock, the novelist and the ablest official in Leadenhall Street, respect

After an excursion, travelling via Cairo, Suez, Tor, Koseir, and Kine, to Wady Halfa, he descended the Nile to Damietta.

"The information which he forwarded to Sir Robert Gordon formed in 1832 part of the evidence before the Committee of the House of Commons on the Red Sea route to India, and was, as M. de Lesseps stated to General Chesney the practicability of the Suez Canal." in Paris in 1869, the origin of his conviction of Sailing to Jaffa on August 30th, he on September 2nd left that place and plunged into Palestine. After many adventures and dangers he reached Anah on the Euphrates on the 26th of December. The story of his descent of that river, first on a raft and afterwards in a wicker boat, has been too well

told in General Chesney's 'Narrative of the Euphrates Expedition' to call for repetition here. It is sufficient to say that the author, after perils from Arabs and plague, reached Basrah on the 26th of April, 1831, travelled back through Persia to Aleppo, was prevented by the determined hostility of the people from reaching the Upper Euphrates, and reached Constantinople in sent to Sir Robert Gordon gives a highly 1832. The report which in June, 1831, he unfavourable picture of Mr. Wilfrid Blunt's

friends the Arabs of the desert :

--

"But the far-famed promise of the Arab, even with its seals of bread and salt, must not, Bedouin' will not, it is true, rob the stranger however, be relied upon too confidently. The whilst under his tent, but it is by no means quite so clear that the plan will not be laid there to do so elsewhere, for he considers the pro-in-perty of every stranger (in a great measure) as his own, also that he is entitled to use compulsory means to make it really so; and if opposed in this design, he is apt to prove vindictive and cruel towards the unfortunate being in his power, whether Turk, Arab, or Christian, his disposi tion (out of his own tribe) not being regulated by the precepts of the Koran, or any other moral code, but simply by what it may be in his power to do with impunity. The Arab is described as being a generous and faithful friend, but an implacable and unforgiving enemy: to the latter every one must subscribe, but the former iss very questionable, and, as far as my observation extends, it is extremely rare that any one tribe really confides in another; inveterate suspicion," with perpetual disunion, seem to reign throughout Arabia. And if one may not quite say that the Arab's hand is against every man,' &c. &c., it is at least to be feared that his friendship is like a sword hanging by a thread, whilst his animosity is suspended by an iron cable: the quarrel of children or the most trifling thing interminable in duration and hostility; not, however, meeting in a manly way, tribe to tribe, or man to man, but each man waiting for an opportunity to fall upon a defenceless and unprotected portion of the other, to commit every

There

being no chance of a renewal of the
fighting, he turned his thoughts towards
Egypt and the Holy Land. Sir Robert

breaks the former, and the latter becomes almost